(Translated by https://www.hiragana.jp/)
Yunti, Prince Xun - Wikipedia Jump to content

Yunti, Prince Xun

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In this Manchu name, the given name is Yunti. In accordance with Manchu custom, it should be used alone or with titles but not with the clan name Aisin Gioro.
Yunti
Prince Xun of the Second Rank
Portrait of Yunti
Prince Xun of the Second Rank
Tenure1748–1755
SuccessorHongming
BornAisin Gioro Yunti
(愛あい新しん覺さとし羅ら 胤たね禎ただし)
(1688-02-10)10 February 1688
Beijing, China
Died16 February 1755(1755-02-16) (aged 67)
Beijing, China
ConsortsLady Wanyan
IssueHongchun
Hongming
Hongying
Hongkai
Princess of the Third Rank
Lady of the Second Rank
Lady of the Second Rank
Princess of the Third Rank
Princess of the Fourth Rank
Names
Aisin Gioro Yunti (愛あい新しん覺さとし羅ら 允まこと禵)
Posthumous name
Prince Xunqin of the Second Rank (恂まこと勤つとむ郡ぐん王おう)
HouseAisin Gioro
FatherKangxi Emperor
MotherEmpress Xiaogongren
Yunti, Prince Xun
Chinese允まこと禵
Yinti
Chinese胤たね禵

Yunti (10 February 1688 – 16 February 1755), born Yinzhen and also known as Yinti before 1722, formally known as Prince Xun, was a Manchu prince and military general of the Qing dynasty. He was trusted by his father, the emperor Kangxi, to lead the imperial forces against the dynasty's greatest threat of the time, the Dzungar Khanate. He proved a successful and popular military leader. He was later imprisoned by the new emperor, who was his full-blood brother – Yongzheng. Yongzheng suppressed the evidences of Yinti's accomplishments and also possible evidences of his right to the throne.[1][2]

Life[edit]

Kangxi era[edit]

Yunti was born "Yinzhen" (simplified Chinese: 胤たね祯; traditional Chinese: 胤たね禎ただし; pinyin: Yìnzhēn) in the Aisin Gioro clan as the 14th son of the Kangxi Emperor. His mother was Empress Xiaogongren, who also bore the Yongzheng Emperor. As Yunti's birth name "Yinzhen" was similar to that of his fourth brother, Yinzhen (胤たね禛), it was changed to "Yinti" (胤たね禵).

In 1709, Yinti was granted the title of a beizi. In 1718, after Dzungar forces defeated a Qing army along the Salween River in Tibet, the Kangxi Emperor appointed Yinti as "Great General Who Pacifies the Frontier" (撫なで遠大えんだい將軍しょうぐん) to lead an army of 300,000 into Tibet to attack the Dzungars and their leader, Tsewang Rabtan. It was believed that this was a sign that the Kangxi Emperor was considering Yinti as a potential heir to his throne. In February 1720, Yinti ordered his deputies Galbi and Yanxin to set out from Xining to take Lhasa, while he remained in Xining to build up support with their Mongol allies and then escort the Seventh Dalai Lama to Lhasa. On 24 September 1720, Yinti's army captured Lhasa and returned the Dalai Lama to the Potala Palace.

Yongzheng era[edit]

On 21 December 1722, just as Yinti was planning for a conquest of the Dzungar Khanate, according to official accounts, he received news of the Kangxi Emperor's death and was immediately summoned back to the capital, Beijing, to attend his father's funeral. His fourth brother, Yinzhen, succeeded their father and became historically known as the Yongzheng Emperor. It is now known, through Yongzheng's correspondence, that he was called back either by his own father (presumably to arrange for Yinti's succession to the throne), or his brother Yongzheng (under the name of Kangxi and with a forged edict that only mentioned the inheritance matter and not Kangxi's death) who wanted to deceive him into renouncing his military powers. Yinti was only informed of his father's death when he reached Shanxi. He initially had the idea of returning to his headquarters, but was persuaded not to do so. He then accepted that the throne was lost and decided to return to the capital, fully expecting to be executed by his brother.[3]

Yinti and his brothers had to change the character Yin (胤たね) in their names to Yun (允まこと) to avoid naming taboo, because the reigning emperor's personal name contained the character Yin.

In 1723, Yunti was promoted from beizi to junwang (second-rank prince). However, in the following year, he was demoted back to beizi. The Yongzheng Emperor perceived Yunti as a potential threat to his throne, so he stripped Yunti of his beizi title in 1725 and placed him under house arrest at Shouhuang Palace, in the present-day Jingshan Park. He seemed to have been moved many times. In 1734, he had a daughter with a maid servant somewhere near the Yuanyou Pagoda in the Garden of the Exuberant Spring [zh].[4] By the time Yongzheng died in 1735, it was reported by the Korean emissaries that he was kept at the back garden of the Old Summer Palace (where his brother usually lived). They also reported that shortly before his brother died, the security around the prisoner, who was guarded by one thousand armored soldiers, was only increased, even though otherwise his brother, who seemed to fear him the most, treated him well.[5]

At one point, Yongzheng seemed to have offered Yinti freedom in exchange for service but he refused. He angrily retorted that Maersai [zh], the man who was sent to persuade him, should be killed before he accepted to serve Yongzheng in any capability (Maersai played an important role in suppressing Yinti during Yongzheng's succession or usurption of the throne and after the case of Cai Huaixi, who sent a letter to Yinti to invite him to reclaim the throne).[6]

Qianlong era[edit]

In 1735, the Yongzheng Emperor died and was succeeded by his fourth son Hongli, who became historically known as the Qianlong Emperor. The Qianlong Emperor released Yunti in the same year after his coronation. In 1737, Yunti was restored to the ranks of nobility as a fuguo gong (a lesser duke). Ten years later, in 1747, he was promoted to beile. In 1748, he was further promoted back to junwang and granted the title "Prince Xun of the Second Rank" (恂まこと郡ぐん王おう).

Yunti died on 16 February 1755 and was posthumously honoured as Prince Xunqin of the Second Rank (恂まこと勤つとむ郡ぐん王おう). The Prince Xun peerage was inherited by his second son, Hongming (弘明ひろあき; 1705–1767), who became a beile in 1735.

Family[edit]

Primary Consort

  • Princess Consort Xunqin, of the Wanyan clan (恂まこと勤つとむ郡ぐん王おう福ぶく晋すすむ 完かん顏がお氏し)
    Titles: Primary Consort of the Fourteenth Prince (第だい十じゅう四よん王子おうじ福ぶく晋すすむ) → Princess Consort of the Fourth Rank (贝子夫人ふじん) → Princess Consort of the Second Rank (郡ぐん王おう福ぶく晋すすむ) → Princess Consort of the Fourth Rank (贝子夫人ふじん) → Primary Consort of the Fourteenth Son of the Kangxi Emperor (第だい十じゅう四よん儿子福ぶく晋すすむ) → Duchess of the Second Rank (不入ふにゅう八はち分ふん国こく公おおやけ夫人ふじん)→ Princess Consort of the Third Rank (贝勒夫人ふじん) → Princess Consort Xun of the Second Rank (恂まこと郡ぐん王おう福ぶく晋すすむ) → Princess Consort Xunqin of the Second Rank (恂まこと勤つとむ郡ぐん王おう福ぶく晋すすむ)
    • Hongming, Prince Gongqin of the Third Rank (恭きょう勤つとむ贝勒 弘明ひろあき; 25 April 1705 – 4 February 1767), second son
    • Hongkai (弘ひろし暟; 31 December 1707 – 28 January 1759), fourth son

Secondary Consort

  • Secondary consort, of the Šušu Gioro clan (側がわ福ぶく晉すすむ 舒舒覺さとし羅ら氏し)
    Titles: Secondary Consort of the Fourteenth Prince (第だい十じゅう四よん皇子おうじ侧妃) → Side Consort of a Beizi (貝かい子こ侧妃) → Secondary Consort of a Junwang (郡ぐん王おう侧福晋すすむ) → Side Consort of the Fourteenth Son of the Kangxi Emperor (第だい十じゅう四よん儿子侧妃) → Side Consort of a Duke (不入ふにゅう八はち分ふん国こく公おおやけ侧妃) → Side Consort of a Beile (贝勒侧妃) → Secondary Consort of Xun Junwang (恂まこと郡ぐん王おう侧福晋すすむ) → Secondary Consort Xunqin of the Second Rank (恂まこと勤つとむ郡ぐん王おう侧福晋すすむ)
    • Hongchun, Prince Tai of the Second Rank (泰たい郡ぐん王おう 弘ひろし春はる; 11 October 1703 – 3 March 1739), first son
    • Princess of the Third Rank (郡ぐん主ぬし; 5 December 1705 – 1 March 1729), second daughter
      • Married Chenggunjab (成なり衮扎布ぬの) of the Harqin league on 10 February 1719
      • Married Senggunzabu (僧そう衮紮布ぬの) in 1719
    • Lady of the Second Rank (縣けん君くん; 22 June 1706 – 10 June 1761), third daughter
      • Married Halu of the Namdulu clan in December 1727
    • Princess of the Third Rank (郡ぐん主ぬし; 8 August 1707 – 4 October 1776), fifth daughter
  • Secondary consort, of the Irgen Gioro clan (側がわ福ぶく晉すすむ 伊い爾なんじ根ね覺さとし羅ら氏し)
    Titles: Secondary Consort of the Fourteenth Prince (第だい十じゅう四よん皇子おうじ侧妃) → Side Consort of a Beizi (貝かい子こ侧妃) → Secondary Consort of a Junwang (郡ぐん王おう侧福晋すすむ) → Side Consort of the Fourteenth Son of the Kangxi Emperor (第だい十じゅう四よん儿子侧妃) → Side Consort of a Duke (不入ふにゅう八はち分ふん国こく公おおやけ侧妃) → Side Consort of a Beile (贝勒侧妃) → Secondary Consort of Xun Junwang (恂まこと郡ぐん王おう侧福晋すすむ) → Secondary Consort Xunqin of the Second Rank (恂まこと勤つとむ郡ぐん王おう侧福晋すすむ)
    • First daughter (20 February 1705 – March/April 1706)
    • Princess of the Second Rank (縣けん君くん; 17 November 1706 – 16 February 1773), fourth daughter
      • Married Deshou (德とく绶) of the Aohan Borjigin clan
    • Hongying (弘ひろし映うつ; 12 December 1707 – 29 August 1771), third son

Concubine

  • Mistress, of the Wu clan (吳ご氏し)
    Titles: Mistress of a Duke (不入ふにゅう八分国公格格) → Concubine of a Beile (贝勒庶妃)→ Concubine of Xun Junwang (恂まこと郡ぐん王おう庶妃) → Concubine of Prince Xunqin of the Second Rank (恂まこと勤つとむ郡ぐん王おう庶妃)
    • Sixth daughter (22 February 1737 – 21 September 1741)
  • Mistress, of the Irgen Gioro clan (伊い爾なんじ根ね覺さとし羅ら氏し)
    Titles: Concubine of Xun Junwang (恂まこと郡ぐん王おう庶妃) → Concubine of Prince Xunqin of the Second Rank (恂まこと勤つとむ郡ぐん王おう庶妃)
    • Princess of the Fourth Rank (縣けん主ぬし; 30 October 1753 – 10 April 1776), seventh daughter
      • Married Erdengge of the Niohuru clan in December 1767

Ancestry[edit]

Hong Taiji (1592–1643)
Shunzhi Emperor (1638–1661)
Empress Xiaozhuangwen (1613–1688)
Kangxi Emperor (1654–1722)
Tulai (1606–1658)
Empress Xiaokangzhang (1638–1663)
Lady Gioro
Yunti (1688–1755)
Esen
Weiwu
Empress Xiaogongren (1660–1723)
Lady Saiheli

In fiction and popular culture[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Perdue, Peter C. (30 June 2009). China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia. Harvard University Press. p. 240. ISBN 978-0-674-04202-5. Retrieved 24 February 2024.
  2. ^ 白しろ, 新あたらし良りょう (2006). 清史きよし考こう辨べん (in Chinese). 人民じんみん出版しゅっぱん社しゃ. pp. 223–230. ISBN 978-7-01-005305-9. Retrieved 24 February 2024.
  3. ^ 羅ら, 冬ふゆ陽ひ (2012). "雍正帝みかど矯詔召回撫なで遠大えんだい將軍しょうぐん王おう允まこと考こう" (PDF). 奥おく門もん理工りこう學がく報ほう (3): 185–193.
  4. ^ 何なに, 瑜. "清しん代だい皇すめらぎ家か赐园与北よぎた大里おおさと的てき鸣鹤园、朗ろう润园等とう十じゅう园_古代こだい艺术_澎湃ほうはい新しん闻-The Paper". www.thepaper.cn. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
  5. ^ 承うけたまわ政せい院いん日記にっき (in Chinese). 國史こくし編纂へんさん委員いいん會かい. 1961. Retrieved 10 March 2024."...而十じゅう四王則别加甲士千名嚴守云。"
  6. ^ 戴, 逸いっ; 罗, 明あきら (1992). 清しん代だい人物じんぶつ研究けんきゅう (in Chinese). 巴ともえ蜀しょく书社. p. 380. ISBN 978-7-80523-409-0. Retrieved 10 March 2024.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yunti,_Prince_Xun&oldid=1226899273"