σκοπέω
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Ancient Greek[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
- σκοπεύω (skopeúō)
Etymology[edit]
From σκοπός (skopós, “watcher”) + -έω (-éō, denominative verbal suffix), from Proto-Indo-European *sḱop-, the o-grade of *sḱep-, a metathesis of *speḱ-, from which also comes σκέπτομαι (sképtomai, “to consider, think, speculate”).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /sko.pé.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /skoˈpe.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /skoˈpe.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /skoˈpe.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /skoˈpe.o/
Verb[edit]
σκοπέω • (skopéō)
- to look, look at, behold; examine, inspect
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 1.5:
- μηκέθ’ ἁλίου σκόπει ἄ
λ λ ο θαλπνότερον ἐν ἁμέρᾳ φαεννὸν ἄστρον ἐρήμαςδ ι ’α ἰθέρος- mēkéth’ halíou skópei állo thalpnóteron en hamérāi phaennòn ástron erḗmas di’ aithéros
- look no further for any star warmer than the sun, shining by day through the lonely sky
- μηκέθ’ ἁλίου σκόπει ἄ
- 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 467:
κ α ι ρ ὸςγ ὰρ κ α λ ε ῖ πλοῦν μ ὴ ’ξ ἀπόπτουμ ᾶλλον ἢ ’γγύθεν σκοπεῖν .- kairòs gàr kaleî ploûn mḕ ’x apóptou mâllon ḕ ’ngúthen skopeîn.
- Yes, since opportunity bids us watch near our ship for a fair wind, rather than from afar.
- (figuratively) to contemplate, consider
- 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 182a:
- σκόπει δή
μ ο ι τόδεα ὐτ ῶν ·- skópei dḗ moi tóde autôn;
- Then just examine this point of their doctrine.
- σκόπει δή
- to look for
- (middle voice) like active, perhaps implying a more deliberate consideration
- 413 BCE, Euripides, Iphigenia in Tauris 68:
- ὁ
ρ ῶ, σκοποῦμ α ι δ ’ ὄμ μ α πανταχῆ στρέφων.- horô, skopoûmai d’ ómma pantakhê stréphōn.
- I am watching. Every side I turn mine eye.
- ὁ
Usage notes[edit]
Earlier writers use only the present and imperfect, with other tenses supplied by σκέπτομαι (sképtomai).
Inflection[edit]
Present: σκοπέω, σκοπέομαι (Uncontracted)
Imperfect: ἐσκόπεον, ἐσκοπεόμην (Uncontracted)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐσκόπεον | ἐσκόπεες | ἐσκόπεε( |
ἐσκοπέετον | ἐσκοπεέτην | ἐσκοπέομεν | ἐσκοπέετε | ἐσκόπεον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐσκοπεόμην | ἐσκοπέου | ἐσκοπέετο | ἐσκοπέεσθον | ἐσκοπεέσθην | ἐσκοπεόμεθᾰ | ἐσκοπέεσθε | ἐσκοπέοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐσκόπουν | ἐσκόπεις | ἐσκόπει | ἐσκοπεῖ |
ἐσκοπείτην | ἐσκοποῦ |
ἐσκοπεῖ |
ἐσκόπουν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐσκοπούμην | ἐσκοποῦ | ἐσκοπεῖ |
ἐσκοπεῖ |
ἐσκοπείσθην | ἐσκοπούμεθᾰ | ἐσκοπεῖ |
ἐσκοποῦ | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Pluperfect: ἐσκοπήκειν, ἐσκοπήμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐσκοπήκειν, ἐσκοπήκη |
ἐσκοπήκεις, ἐσκοπήκης |
ἐσκοπήκει( |
ἐσκοπήκετον | ἐσκοπηκέτην | ἐσκοπήκεμεν | ἐσκοπήκετε | ἐσκοπήκεσᾰ | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐσκοπήμην | ἐσκόπησο | ἐσκόπητο | ἐσκόπησθον | ἐσκοπήσθην | ἐσκοπήμεθᾰ | ἐσκόπησθε | ἐσκόπηντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Derived terms[edit]
- ἀ
ν ᾰσκοπέω (anaskopéō) - ἀποσκοπέω (aposkopéō)
- ἀστεροσκοπέω (asteroskopéō)
- ἀστροσκοπέω (astroskopéō)
- διαμορφοσκοπέομαι (diamorphoskopéomai)
δ ῐᾰσκοπέω (diaskopéō)- ἐ
π ῐσκοπέω (episkopéō) ε ὐθυσκοπέω (euthuskopéō)- ἡμεροσκοπέω (hēmeroskopéō)
- ἡ
π ᾰτοσκοπέω (hēpatoskopéō) - θυννοσκοπέω (thunnoskopéō)
- ἱεροσκοπέομαι (hieroskopéomai)
- ἰχνοσκοπέω (ikhnoskopéō)
κ ᾰτ ᾰσκοπέω (kataskopéō)- ὁδοσκοπέω (hodoskopéō)
ο ἰωνοσκοπέω (oiōnoskopéō)- ὀρθοσκοπέω (orthoskopéō)
- ὀρνεοσκοπέω (orneoskopéō)
- ὀ
ρ ν ῑθοσκοπέομαι (ornīthoskopéomai) - περισκοπέω (periskopéō)
- προσκοπέω (proskopéō)
- προσσκοπέω (prosskopéō)
π ᾰρ ᾰσκοπέω (paraskopéō)- συσκοπέω (suskopéō)
- ὑδροσκοπέω (hudroskopéō)
- ὡροσκοπέω (hōroskopéō)
Related terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- English: -scope
Further reading[edit]
- “σκοπέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- G4648 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *speḱ-
- Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -έω
- Ancient Greek 3-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek verbs
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Ancient Greek terms with quotations
- grc:Thinking