χάρτης

Ancient Greek

Etymology

According to Strong's Biblical Concordance, from χαράσσω (kharássō, “I scratch, inscribe”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“to scratch”) (compare Lithuanian žerti (“to scrape”)). Modern scholarship rejects this (Beekes, Chantraine) and considers the etymology unknown. An Egyptian derivation was supposed, without any convincing etymon found, because of the Egyptian origin of papyrus. Consistent with the Phoenician influence on Greece in the field of writing (the Greeks adopted the Phoenician alphabet), it has been suggested that χάρτης could derive from the Phoenician word 𐤇𐤓𐤈𐤉𐤕 (ḥrṭyt), interpreted as "something written", cognate with Biblical Hebrew חֶרֶט (ḫereṭ, “stylus; style of writing”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /kʰár.tɛːs/ → /ˈxar.tis/ → /ˈxar.tis/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kʰár.tɛːs/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈkʰar.te̝s/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈxar.tis/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈxar.tis/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈxar.tis/

Noun

χかいᾰ́ρτης • (khártēs) m (genitive χかいᾰ́ρτου); first declension

1. sheet of paper, paper
2. book

Declension

First declension of ὁ χかいᾰ́ρτης; τたうοおみくろんῦ χかいᾰ́ρτου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ χかいᾰ́ρτης ho khártēs	τたうὼ χかいᾰ́ρろーτたうᾱ tṑ khártā	οおみくろんἱ χかいᾰ́ρται hoi khártai
Genitive	τたうοおみくろんῦ χかいᾰ́ρτου toû khártou	τたうοおみくろんῖνにゅー χかいᾰ́ρταιν toîn khártain	τたうῶνにゅー χかいᾰρろーτたうῶνにゅー tôn khartôn
Dative	τたうῷ χかいᾰ́ρろーτたうῃ tôi khártēi	τたうοおみくろんῖνにゅー χかいᾰ́ρταιν toîn khártain	τたうοおみくろんῖς χかいᾰ́ρταις toîs khártais
Accusative	τたうὸνにゅー χかいᾰ́ρτην tòn khártēn	τたうὼ χかいᾰ́ρろーτたうᾱ tṑ khártā	τたうοおみくろんὺς χかいᾰ́ρろーτたうᾱς toùs khártās
Vocative	χかいᾰ́ρろーτたうᾰ khárta	χかいᾰ́ρろーτたうᾱ khártā	χかいᾰ́ρται khártai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• χαρτίον (khartíon)
• χαρτοθήκη (khartothḗkē)

 

Descendants

• Greek: χάρτης (chártis)
  • → Romanian: hartă
• → Aramaic:

  Syriac script: ܟܼܲܪܛܝܼܣܵܐ (ḵarṭīsā), ܟܪܛܐܣܐ

  Hebrew script: כַּרְטִיסָא (karṭīsā), קַרְטִיסָא (qarṭīsā), קַרְטָאסָא (qarṭāsā),

  • → Arabic: قُرْطَاس (qurṭās), قَرْطَس (qarṭas) (obsolete) (see there for further descendants)
• → Bulgarian: хартия (hartija)
• → Hebrew: כַּרְטִיס (kartís)
• → Latin: charta (see there for further descendants)
• → Old Armenian: քարտ (kʻart), քարտէզ (kʻartēz), քարտէն (kʻartēn), քարտէս (kʻartēs)
  • → Armenian: քարտ (kʻart), քարտեզ (kʻartez), քարտես (kʻartes)
  • → Georgian: ქარტეზი (karṭezi)
• → Russian: хартия (xartija)
• ⇒ Koine Greek: χαρτίον (khartíon)
  • Greek: χαρτί (chartí) (see there for further descendants)

Further reading

• “χάρτης”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “χάρτης”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• χάρτης in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• G5489 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

Greek

Etymology

Learnedly, from Ancient Greek χάρτης (“a papyrus scroll”), semantic loan from Italian carta or from English chart, from Latin charta, from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs). Doublet of κάρτα (kárta, “card”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxar.tis/
• Hyphenation: χάρ‧της

Noun

χάρτης • (chártis) m (plural χάρτες)

1. (navigation) map, chart
2. charter, project charter, constitution

   καταστατικός χάρτης ― katastatikós chártis ― charter

3. (dated) synonym of χαρτί n (chartí, “paper”) in the set phrase

   εμπόριο χάρτου (empório chártou, “trading of paper”)

Declension

Declension of χάρτης

	singular	plural
nominative	χάρτης •	χάρτες •
genitive	χάρτη •	χαρτών •
accusative	χάρτη •	χάρτες •
vocative	χάρτη •	χάρτες •
Formal dated genitive singular: χάρτου

Derived terms

• άσκηση επί χάρτου (áskisi epí chártou)
• οおみくろん Χάρτης τたうοおみくろんυうぷしろん ΟおみくろんΗいーたΕいぷしろん (o Chártis tou OIE, “Charter of the United Nations”)

Related terms

• χαρτο-, χαρτό-, χかいαあるふぁρろーτたう-
• χάρτα f (chárta, “chart”) (dated, formal)
• χαρτί n (chartí, “paper”) and derivatives

Related to maps:

• αχαρτογράφητος (achartográfitos, “uncharted”)
• χαρτογράφηση f (chartográfisi, “mapping, making a map”)
• χαρτογραφία f (chartografía, “cartography”)
• χαρτογραφικός (chartografikós, adjective)
• χαρτογράφος m or f (chartográfos, “cartographer”)
• χαρτογραφώ (chartografó, “to map”)

Descendants

• → Romanian: hartă

Further reading

• χάρτης on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^el