ἴσος
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Ancient Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Of disputed origin:[1]
- The Cretan and Arcadocypriot forms suggest Proto-Hellenic *wíswos, perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European *wi- (“to separate”). In this case, compare Vedic Sanskrit विश्व (viśva, “all, every; whole, entire, universal”), Proto-Slavic *vьśь (“all; village”) and English with. Beekes rejects this derivation, as the Indo-European affix *-su- was apparently not retained in Greek.
- From an earlier *witˢwos, apparently from a zero-grade formation *ϝιδσ- related to
ε ἶδος (eîdos, “form, shape”), from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to see, know”). - According to Meillet, from δύω (dúō, “two”) + a thematization of a suffix -
τ υ - (-tu-). This is semantically appealing and phonetically sound, but noticeably contrived.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /í.sos/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈi.sos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈi.sos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈi.sos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈi.sos/
Adjective
[edit]ῐ̓́σος • (ísos) m (feminine ῐ̓́
- (of size, strength, or number) equal (to), equivalent (to), the same as [with dative ‘something, someone’]
- (of appearance) like [with dative ‘something, someone’]
- (with implied reference point) like, similar
- (with pronoun) like someone's x
- repeated to denote relationship between equal persons or things
- ἴ
σ α π ρ ὸς ἴσ α ― ísa pròs ísa ― tit for tat
- ἴ
- (not comparable, mathematics) equal to [with dative ‘a number’]; (in the plural) equal (to each other)
- (not comparable, geometry, of lines) of equal length; (of shapes) congruent; of equal area
- just, fair
- (comparable, politics) equal in rights, based on equality of rights
- (of persons) impartial
- neuter plural
τ ὰ ἴσ α (tà ísa) as substantive: equal rights, equality
- (rare) adequate
- (of land) even, level, flat
- neuter singular (
τ ὸ) ἴσ ο ν ((tò) íson) as substantive: level groundε ἰςτ ὸ ἴσ ο ν - eis tò íson
- (on)to level ground
- neuter singular (
- ὡς ἰσαίτατα (hōs isaítata): as equally as possible
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Constitution of the Athenians :
τ ο ὺςδ ’ ἑκατὸν ἄνδραςδ ι α ν ε ῖμ α ι σ φ ᾶςτ ε α ὐτ ο ὺςκ α ὶτ ο ὺς ἄλλους τέτταρα μέρη ὡς ἰσαίτατα- toùs d’ hekatòn ándras dianeîmai sphâs te autoùs kaì toùs állous téttara mérē hōs isaítata
- for the Hundred Men to divide themselves and the others into four divisions as equally as possible
Declension
[edit]Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | ῐ̓́σος ísos |
ῐ̓́ ísē |
ῐ̓́ íson |
ῐ̓́ ísō |
ῐ̓́ ísā |
ῐ̓́ ísō |
ῐ̓́ ísoi |
ῐ̓́ ísai |
ῐ̓́ ísa | |||||
Genitive | ῐ̓́ ísou |
ῐ̓́σης ísēs |
ῐ̓́ ísou |
ῐ̓́ ísoin |
ῐ̓́ ísain |
ῐ̓́ ísoin |
ῐ̓́ ísōn |
ῐ̓́ ísōn |
ῐ̓́ ísōn | |||||
Dative | ῐ̓́ ísōi |
ῐ̓́ ísēi |
ῐ̓́ ísōi |
ῐ̓́ ísoin |
ῐ̓́ ísain |
ῐ̓́ ísoin |
ῐ̓́σοις ísois |
ῐ̓́σαις ísais |
ῐ̓́σοις ísois | |||||
Accusative | ῐ̓́ íson |
ῐ̓́ ísēn |
ῐ̓́ íson |
ῐ̓́ ísō |
ῐ̓́ ísā |
ῐ̓́ ísō |
ῐ̓́σους ísous |
ῐ̓́ ísās |
ῐ̓́ ísa | |||||
Vocative | ῐ̓́ íse |
ῐ̓́ ísē |
ῐ̓́ íson |
ῐ̓́ ísō |
ῐ̓́ ísā |
ῐ̓́ ísō |
ῐ̓́ ísoi |
ῐ̓́ ísai |
ῐ̓́ ísa | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
ῐ̓́σως / ῐ̓́ ísōs / íson / ísa |
ῐ̓σαίτερος isaíteros |
ῐ̓σαίτᾰτος isaítatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Greek: ίσος (ísos)
References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἴσος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 600-1
Further reading
[edit]- “ἴσος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἴσος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ἴσος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- “ἴσος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G2470 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- analogous idem, page 28.
- commensurate idem, page 147.
- corresponding idem, page 176.
- disinterested idem, page 234.
- equal idem, page 280.
- equitable idem, page 280.
- equivalent to idem, page 281.
- even idem, page 284.
- fair idem, page 302.
- honest idem, page 404.
- impartial idem, page 419.
- just idem, page 466.
- level idem, page 486.
- like idem, page 491.
- parallel idem, page 591.
- right idem, page 714.
- similar idem, page 776.
- unbiassed idem, page 908.
- unprejudiced idem, page 927.
- upright idem, page 938.
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek adjectives
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Ancient Greek terms with usage examples
- grc:Mathematics
- grc:Geometry
- grc:Politics
- Ancient Greek terms with rare senses
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