もろこし

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Japanese

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Etymology 1

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Alternative spellings
唐土とうど
唐とう

⟨mo2ro2 ko1si⟩ → ⟨moro2ko1si⟩ → */morəkosi/ → /morokoɕi/

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE).

Originally a compound of 諸しょ (moro-, prefix meaning "many") +‎ 越こし (koshi), the 連用形れんようけい (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of 越こす (kosu, “to cross (over)”),[1] by reinterpretation of kun-reading 越こし (koshi) from on-reading of 越こし (Etsu).[2] The compound refers to the 百ひゃく越えつ (Bǎiyuè, “Baiyue”, literally “Hundred Yue”),[3] a collective name for various ethnic groups which inhabited Southern China.

The kanji spellings 唐土とうど and 唐とう are jukujikun (熟じゅく字訓じくん), literally meaning “Tang land” and “Tang” respectively.

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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もろこし • (Morokoshi) 

  1. (archaic) China
    Synonyms: 唐土とうど (Tōdo), 唐とう (Tō), 唐とう (Kara), (modern) 中国ちゅうごく (Chūgoku)

Noun

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もろこし • (morokoshi) 

  1. (archaic) any objects imported from China
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Alternative spellings
蜀黍もろこし
唐黍とうきび
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もろこし (morokoshi, “sorghum”)
もろこし (morokoshi, “maize”)

Clipping of もろこしきび (morokoshi kibi), with the shortened reading then re-applied to the entire original kanji compounds 唐黍とうきび and 蜀黍もろこし.[5]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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もろこし or モロコシ • (morokoshi) 

  1. sorghum
    Synonyms: 唐黍とうきび (tōkibi), 高黍たかきび (takakibi), 蜀黍もろこし (shokusho)
  2. maize, corn (especially corn on the cob)
    Synonyms: 玉蜀黍とうもろこし (tōmorokoshi), 唐黍とうきび (tōkibi)
Usage notes
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The term 玉蜀黍とうもろこし (tōmorokoshi) is more common for the maize sense.

Derived terms
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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林だいじりん [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉だいじせん [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. ^ “唐土とうど・唐とう”, in 日本にっぽん国語こくご大だい辞典じてん [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000
  4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語にほんご発音はつおんアクセント辞典じてん [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  5. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語こくご大だい辞典じてん（新装しんそう版ばん） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
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