KRAS
KRASは、KRAS proto-oncogene, 'GTPアーゼと
H-ras、N-ras、K-rasのrasがん
機能
[KRASは
臨床 的 重要 性
[このがん
いくつかの
大腸 癌
[KRAS
肺癌
[KRAS検査
[2009
相互 作用
[KRASは
抗 がん剤 とKRAS
[- codon12 GGT
変異 はいろいろ。- codon13 GGC
変異 はGGC→GACと変異 するのがほとんど。
脚注
[- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000133703 - Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000030265 - Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ Human PubMed Reference:
- ^ Mouse PubMed Reference:
- ^ Tsuchida N, Ryder T, Ohtsubo E (1982). “Nucleotide sequence of the oncogene encoding p21 transforming protein of Kirsten murine sarcoma virus”. Science 217: 937-939. PMID 6287573.
- ^ Shimizu K, Birnbaum D, Ruley MA, Fasano O, Suard Y, Edlund L, Taparowsky E, Goldfarb M, Wigler M. (1983). “Structure of the Ki-ras gene of the human lung carcinoma cell line Calu-1.”. Nature. 304 (5926): 497-500. PMID 6308465.
- ^ McGrath JP, Capon DJ, Smith DH, Chen EY, Seeburg PH, Goeddel DV, Levinson AD (1983). “Structure and organization of the human Ki-ras proto-oncogene and a related processed pseudogene”. Nature 304 (5926): 501–6. doi:10.1038/304501a0. PMID 6308466.
- ^ Popescu NC, Amsbaugh SC, DiPaolo JA, Tronick SR, Aaronson SA, Swan DC (March 1985). “Chromosomal localization of three human ras genes by in situ molecular hybridization”. Somat. Cell Mol. Genet. 11 (2): 149–55. doi:10.1007/BF01534703. PMID 3856955.
- ^ Kranenburg O (November 2005). “The KRAS oncogene: past, present, and future”. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1756 (2): 81–2. doi:10.1016/j.bbcan.2005.10.001. PMID 16269215.
- ^ Schubbert S, Zenker M, Rowe SL, et al. (2006). “Germline KRAS mutations cause Noonan syndrome”. Nat. Genet. 38 (3): 331–6. doi:10.1038/ng1748. PMID 16474405.
- ^ Niihori T, Aoki Y, Narumi Y, et al. (2006). “Germline KRAS and BRAF mutations in cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome”. Nat. Genet. 38 (3): 294–6. doi:10.1038/ng1749. PMID 16474404.
- ^ Burmer GC, Loeb LA (1989). “Mutations in the KRAS2 oncogene during progressive stages of human colon carcinoma”. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86 (7): 2403–7. doi:10.1073/pnas.86.7.2403. PMC 286921. PMID 2648401 .
- ^ Almoguera C, Shibata D, Forrester K, Martin J, Arnheim N, Perucho M (1988). “Most human carcinomas of the exocrine pancreas contain mutant c-K-ras genes”. Cell 53 (4): 549–54. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(88)90571-5. PMID 2453289.
- ^ Tam IY, Chung LP, Suen WS, et al. (2006). “Distinct epidermal growth factor receptor and KRAS mutation patterns in non-small cell lung cancer patients with different tobacco exposure and clinicopathologic features”. Clin. Cancer Res. 12 (5): 1647–53. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-1981. PMID 16533793.
- ^ Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW (2004). “Cancer genes and the pathways they control”. Nat. Med. 10 (8): 789-99. doi:10.1038/nm1087. PMID 15286780.
- ^ Lièvre A, Bachet JB, Le Corre D, et al. (2006). “KRAS mutation status is predictive of response to cetuximab therapy in colorectal cancer”. Cancer Res. 66 (8): 3992–5. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-0191. PMID 16618717.
- ^ L. van Epps, PhD, Heather (Winter, 2008). “Bittersweet Gene: A gene called KRAS can predict which colorectal cancers will respond to a certain type of treatment—and which will not.”. CURE (Cancer Updates, Research and Education)
- ^ Bokemeyer C, Bondarenko I, Makhson A, Hartmann JT, Aparicio J, de Braud F, Donea S, Ludwig H, Schuch G, Stroh C, Loos AH, Zubel A, Koralewski P (February 2009). “Fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin with and without cetuximab in the first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer”. J. Clin. Oncol. 27 (5): 663–71. doi:10.1200/JCO.2008.20.8397. PMID 19114683.
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- ^ a b Suda K, Tomizawa K, Mitsudomi T (March 2010). “Biological and clinical significance of KRAS mutations in lung cancer: an oncogenic driver that contrasts with EGFR mutation”. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 29 (1): 49–60. doi:10.1007/s10555-010-9209-4. PMID 20108024.
- ^ Riely GJ, Marks J, Pao W (April 2009). “KRAS mutations in non-small cell lung cancer”. Proc Am Thorac Soc 6 (2): 201–5. doi:10.1513/pats.200809-107LC. PMID 19349489.
- ^ Pao W, Wang TY, Riely GJ, Miller VA, Pan Q, Ladanyi M, Zakowski MF, Heelan RT, Kris MG, Varmus HE (January 2005). “KRAS mutations and primary resistance of lung adenocarcinomas to gefitinib or erlotinib”. PLoS Med. 2 (1): e17. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0020017. PMC 545207. PMID 15696205 .
- ^ OncoGenetics.Org (2009
年 7月 ). “FDA updates Vectibix and Erbitux labels with KRAS testing info”. OncoGenetics.Org. 2009年 7月 20日 閲覧 。 [リンク切 れ] - ^ a b Li W, Han M, Guan KL (April 2000). “The leucine-rich repeat protein SUR-8 enhances MAP kinase activation and forms a complex with Ras and Raf”. Genes Dev. 14 (8): 895–900. PMC 316541. PMID 10783161 .
- ^ Kiyono M, Kato J, Kataoka T, Kaziro Y, Satoh T (September 2000). “Stimulation of Ras guanine nucleotide exchange activity of Ras-GRF1/CDC25(Mm) upon tyrosine phosphorylation by the Cdc42-regulated kinase ACK1”. J. Biol. Chem. 275 (38): 29788–93. doi:10.1074/jbc.M001378200. PMID 10882715.
- ^ Rubio I, Wittig U, Meyer C, Heinze R, Kadereit D, Waldmann H, Downward J, Wetzker R (November 1999). “Farnesylation of Ras is important for the interaction with phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma”. Eur. J. Biochem. 266 (1): 70–82. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00815.x. PMID 10542052.
- ^ Spaargaren M, Bischoff JR (December 1994). “Identification of the guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator for Ral as a putative effector molecule of R-ras, H-ras, K-ras, and Rap”. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 (26): 12609–13. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.26.12609. PMC 45488. PMID 7809086 .
- ^ Vos MD, Ellis CA, Elam C, Ulku AS, Taylor BJ, Clark GJ (July 2003). “RASSF2 is a novel K-Ras-specific effector and potential tumor suppressor”. J. Biol. Chem. 278 (30): 28045–51. doi:10.1074/jbc.M300554200. PMID 12732644.
- ^ NSCLCのKRAS
遺伝子 変異 と増幅 が葉酸 代謝 拮抗 薬 の効果 に関係 がある可能 性 【AACR-NIH-EORTC 2011】 [1]
推薦 文献
[- Tsuchida N, Murugan AK, Grieco M. (2016). “Kirsten Ras oncogene : significance of its discovery in human cancer research”. Oncotarget 7 (29): 46717-33. PMID 27102293.
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- Yamamoto F, Nakano H, Neville C, Perucho M (1985). “Structure and mechanisms of activation of c-K-ras oncogenes in human lung cancer.”. Prog. Med. Virol. 32: 101–14. PMID 3895297.
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- Deramaudt T, Rustgi AK (2006). “Mutant KRAS in the initiation of pancreatic cancer.”. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1756 (2): 97–101. doi:10.1016/j.bbcan.2005.08.003. PMID 16169155.
- Pretlow TP, Pretlow TG (2006). “Mutant KRAS in aberrant crypt foci (ACF): initiation of colorectal cancer?”. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1756 (2): 83–96. doi:10.1016/j.bbcan.2005.06.002. PMID 16219426.
- Su YH, Wang M, Aiamkitsumrit B, et al. (2007). “Detection of a K-ras mutation in urine of patients with colorectal cancer.”. Cancer biomarkers : section a of Disease markers 1 (2–3): 177–82. PMID 17192038.