Project 985

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See also: Project 211 and Double First-Class Construction
Project 985
Formation4 May 1998; 26 years ago (1998-05-04)
Defunct2016; 8 years ago (2016)
Region
China (39 universities nationwide)
History of the People's Republic of China
National emblem of the People's Republic of China
1949–1976: Mao era
1976–1989: Deng era
1989–2002: Jiang era
2002–2012: Hu era
2012–present: Xi era
flag China portal

Project 985 (Chinese: 985工程こうてい) was a higher education development and sponsorship scheme of the Chinese central government for creating world-class higher education institutions, initiated in May 1998. There were 39 universities selected to be part of this program.[1][2][3][4]

Project 211 and Project 985 were both initiated by the Jiang Zemin Administration in 1990s. They were nullified in 2016 and replaced by the Double First-Class Construction in 2017, under the Xi Jinping Administration.[5][6]

History

On May 4, 1998, Jiang Zemin stated at the 100th anniversary of Peking University that, "in order to achieve modernization, our country must have several first-class universities with world-leading levels."[7]

In January 1999, the State Council of China issued the "Education Revitalization Action Plan for the 21st Century" drafted by the Ministry of Education, deciding to focus on supporting several higher education institutions to create world-class universities and high-level universities. This plan was later referred as the "985 Project," named after Jiang Zemin's speech at the 100th anniversary of Peking University (in May 1998).[8][9][10][4]

The name derives from the date of the announcement, May 1998, or 98/5 according to the Chinese date format.[11] The project involves both national and local governments allocating large amounts of funding to certain universities in order to build new research centers, improve facilities, hold international conferences, attract world-renowned faculty and visiting scholars, and help Chinese faculty attend conferences abroad.[12]

On June 7, 2016, the Ministry of Education under Xi Jinping nullified the two projects by invalidating the fundamental documents "Measures for the Implementation and Management of Project 211 Construction" and "Opinions on the Continued Implementation of Project 985 Construction Projects." However in China, the names 985 and 211 are still commonly used to refer to top universities within mainland China.[13][14][15]

List of Project-985 universities

See also: List of universities in China

There were 39 public universities selected by the Chinese central government.[1]

Province/Municipality City University Year Founded
Northern China (10)
Beijing (8) Beijing (8) Peking University 1898
Tsinghua University 1911
Renmin University of China 1937
Beijing Normal University 1902
Beihang University 1952
Beijing Institute of Technology 1940
China Agricultural University 1905
Minzu University of China 1941
Tianjin (2) Tianjin (2) Nankai University 1919
Tianjin University 1895
Northeastern China (4)
Liaoning (2) Dalian Dalian University of Technology 1949
Shenyang Northeastern University 1923
Heilongjiang Harbin Harbin Institute of Technology 1920
Jilin Changchun Jilin University 1946
Eastern China (11)
Shanghai (4) Shanghai (4) Fudan University 1905
Shanghai Jiao Tong University 1896
Tongji University 1907
East China Normal University 1951
Jiangsu (2) Nanjing (2) Nanjing University 1902
Southeast University 1902
Shandong (2) Jinan Shandong University 1901
Qingdao Ocean University of China 1924
Anhui Hefei University of Science and Technology of China 1958
Zhejiang Hangzhou Zhejiang University 1897
Fujian Xiamen Xiamen University 1921
Southern China (2)
Guangdong (2) Guangzhou (2) Sun Yat-sen University 1924
South China University of Technology 1952
Southwestern China (3)
Sichuan (2) Chengdu (2) Sichuan University 1896
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China 1956
Chongqing Chongqing Chongqing University 1929
Central China (5)
Hunan (3) Changsha (3) Hunan University 1903
Central South University 2000
National University of Defense Technology 1953
Hubei (2) Wuhan (2) Wuhan University 1893
Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1953
Northwestern China (4)
Shaanxi (3) Xi'an (2) Northwestern Polytechnical University 1938
Xi'an Jiaotong University 1896
Xianyang Northwest A&F University 1934
Gansu Lanzhou Lanzhou University 1909

See also

References

  1. ^ a b ""985工程こうてい"学校がっこう名めい单 - 中ちゅう华人民じんみん共和きょうわ国こく教育きょういく部ぶ政府せいふ门户网站". www.moe.gov.cn. Archived from the original on February 5, 2023. Retrieved October 16, 2023.
  2. ^ ""985"、"211"和わ"双そう一流いちりゅう"有ゆう什么区く别？ —中国ちゅうごく教育きょういく在ざい线". gaokao.eol.cn. Archived from the original on October 16, 2023. Retrieved October 16, 2023.
  3. ^ "科学かがく网—公こう众迷恋こい大学だいがく"帽子ぼうし"本ほん质是期待きたい高だか质量教育きょういく". news.sciencenet.cn. Archived from the original on October 16, 2023. Retrieved October 16, 2023.
  4. ^ a b "我国わがくに"985 工程こうてい"的てき运行机つくえ制せい与あずか投入とうにゅう成なり效こう分析ぶんせき：基もと于国际比较与实证研究けんきゅう的てき视角" (PDF). 北京ぺきん大学だいがく教育きょういく经济研究所けんきゅうじょ. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 16, 2023. Retrieved October 16, 2023.
  5. ^ "教育きょういく部ぶ国こく务院学位がくい委い员会国家こっか语委关于宣布せんぷ失效しっこう一批规范性文件的通知 - 中ちゅう华人民じんみん共和きょうわ国こく教育きょういく部ぶ政府せいふ门户网站". www.moe.gov.cn. Archived from the original on March 7, 2019. Retrieved September 3, 2022.
  6. ^ ""985""211"工程こうてい将はた废除 教育きょういく部ぶ:年内ねんない启动"双そう一流いちりゅう"_新しん闻频道どう_中ちゅう华网". news.china.com. Archived from the original on December 19, 2022. Retrieved September 3, 2022.
  7. ^ "江こう泽民：在ざい庆祝北京ぺきん大学だいがく建けん校こう一いち百ひゃく周年しゅうねん大会たいかい上じょう的てき讲话_改革かいかく大数たいすう据すえ服ふく务平台だい". ReformData.org. Retrieved October 30, 2023.
  8. ^ Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China. ""211工程こうてい"与あずか"985工程こうてい" - 中ちゅう华人民じんみん共和きょうわ国こく教育きょういく部ぶ政府せいふ门户网站". Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China. Retrieved October 30, 2023.
  9. ^ State Council of the People's Republic of China. "国こく务院批转教育きょういく部ぶ2003—2007年ねん教育きょういく振ふ兴行动计划的通知つうち Notice of the State Council on approving and forwarding the Ministry of Education's 2003-2007 Education Revitalization Action Plan". Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. Retrieved October 30, 2023.
  10. ^ ""985"、"211"和わ"双そう一流いちりゅう"有ゆう什么区く别？ —中国ちゅうごく教育きょういく在ざい线". gaokao.eol.cn. Retrieved October 30, 2023.
  11. ^ "Project 211 and 985". China Education Center Ltd. Archived from the original on July 10, 2015. Retrieved August 28, 2010.
  12. ^ "International Rankings and Chinese Higher Education Reform". World Education News and Reviews. Archived from the original on June 27, 2010. Retrieved August 28, 2010.
  13. ^ "教育きょういく部ぶ国こく务院学位がくい委い员会国家こっか语委关于宣布せんぷ失效しっこう一批规范性文件的通知 - 中ちゅう华人民じんみん共和きょうわ国こく教育きょういく部ぶ政府せいふ门户网站". www.moe.gov.cn. Retrieved October 30, 2023.
  14. ^ "涉わたる及985和わ211工程こうてい，教育きょういく部ぶ宣布せんぷ失效しっこう一批规范性文件-东北农业大学だいがく". wwwold.neau.edu.cn. Retrieved October 30, 2023.
  15. ^ "教育きょういく部ぶ宣布せんぷ211、985工程こうてい多た份文件けん失效しっこう！（附ふ全国ぜんこく211、985工程こうてい大学だいがく清きよし单）_生物せいぶつ探索たんさく". www.biodiscover.com. Retrieved October 30, 2023.
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