Coordinates: 38°08′04″N 85°31′49″E / 38.13444°N 85.53028°E / 38.13444; 85.53028

Qiemo Town

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Qiemo
چەرچەن
且末
Qarqan
County-level town
Qiemo is located in Xinjiang
Qiemo
Qiemo
Location in Xinjiang
Coordinates: 38°08′04″N 85°31′49″E / 38.13444°N 85.53028°E / 38.13444; 85.53028
CountryChina
ProvinceXinjiang
PrefectureBayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture
CountyQiemo
Elevation
1,252 m (4,108 ft)
Population
 • Total18,893
Ethnic groups
 • Major ethnic groupsUyghur[1]
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code841900

The oasis town of Qiemo or Cherchen (Uyghur: چەرچەن, Чәрчән, Chinese: 且末; pinyin: Qiěmò; Uighur: Qarqan, also spelled Charchan) is the capital of Qiemo County, Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, China. It is on the Qiemo River and at the foot of the Qilian Mountains, on the Southern Silk Route. In ancient times, the town and the kingdom it controlled were jointly known as Shanshan.

History

Location of Qiemo county (pink), in Bayin'gholin prefecture (yellow), in Xinjiang autonomous region of China

Settlement in the Qiemo area dates back to the Bronze Age. The town is located along the ancient Jade Road that traded with the earliest Chinese dynasties, and Bronze Age rock carvings were found south of town along another ancient trade route to what is now Tibet.[2] Mummies dated to 1,000 BCE were discovered at the Zaghunluq site less than six km southwest of the city center. A particularly well-preserved one is known as the Cherchen Man.[3][4]

Qiemo existed as an independent kingdom during the Former Han dynasty (123 BCE to 23 CE). It was described in the Hanshu, chapter 96A thus:

The seat of the government is the town of Ch'ieh-mo, and it is distant by 6820 li from Chang'an. There are 230 households, 1610 individuals with 320 persons able to bear arms. [There are the following officials:] the noble of Fu-kuo (support of the state), the leaders of the left and the right and one interpreter-in-chief ... There are grapes and various types of fruit. To the west there is communication with Ching-chüeh at a distance of 2000 li."

— Hanshu, chapter 96a, translation from Hulsewé 1979.[5]

Although the town is described in documents from the 1st century BCE to the 9th century CE, the ancient site has not yet been discovered, even though four major expeditions have searched for it.[6]

The area was ruled as the kingdom of Calmadana during the earliest heyday of the Silk Road. Its fortunes have since ebbed and flowed, mainly with the popularity of the southern trade route. The Chinese Buddhist monk Faxian left a brief account of the country after his visit c. 399 CE, recording that there were probably more than 4,000 monks in the country, all Hinayana. Song Yun passed through around 519, and wrote that the country had just been defeated by the Tuyuhun. It was sometimes abandoned, as when Buddhist monk Xuanzang passed through in the year 644, and when Marco Polo came by in 1273.

In 2018, Jiayuan was newly listed as a residential community.[7][8]

Geography

Qiemo was strategically located at the junction of the main route from Dunhuang to Khotan via Jingjue and the mountain route to Xining via Qinghai Lake.[9] Qiemo is 315 km east of Minfeng, 605 km east of Hotan, and 351 km west of Charklik/Ruoqiang Town along Highway 315.[2]

Administrative divisions

Map including Qiemo (labeled as Ch'ieh-mo) from the International Map of the World (DMA, 1975)

The town is made up of six residential communities and one village:[10][7][8][11][12]

Residential Communities (Mandarin Chinese Hanyu Pinyin-derived names):

  • Quegelimaya (却格里さと买亚社しゃ区く), Gulukawuruke (古いにしえ路ろ卡吾入にゅう克かつ社しゃ区く, formerly Gulekeruike (古こ勒科瑞みず克かつ社しゃ区く)), Jiahabage (加か哈巴格かく社しゃ区く), Ketaimai (科か台だい买社区く, formerly Ketaiman (科か台だい满社区く)), Dianshi Xincun (Dianshixincun; 电视新村しんむら社しゃ区く), Jiayuan (佳けい园社区く)

Village:

  • Caidui (菜さい队村)

Transportation

See also

References

  1. ^ 1997年ねん且末县行政ぎょうせい区く划. XZQH.org (in Simplified Chinese). 10 December 2010. Retrieved 28 February 2020. 且末镇 县政府せいふ驻地。民みん国こく37年ねん（1948）为且末まつ镇，1949年ねん为县第だい一いち区く的てき巴ともえ扎乡，1958年ねん改あらため镇，1981年ねん更さら名めい且末镇。面めん积4平方へいほう千せん米めーとる，人口じんこう1万まん，其中维吾尔族占うらない67％。
  2. ^ a b A Tourism Guide to Cherchen / Qiemo, Xinjiang, China. Centralasiatraveler.com. Retrieved on 2011-03-12.
  3. ^ Dolkun Kamberi (January 1994). "The Three Thousand Year Old Charchan Man Preserved at Zaghunluq :Abstract Account of a Tomb Excavation in Charchan County of Uyghuristan" (PDF). Sino-Platonic Papers. 44.
  4. ^ Mallory, J. P.; Mair, Victor H. (2000), The Tarim Mummies: Ancient China and the Mystery of the Earliest Peoples from the West, London: Thames & Hudson
  5. ^ Hulsewé, A. F. P. (1979). China in Central Asia: The Early Stage 125 BC – AD 23: an annotated translation of chapters 61 and 96 of the History of the Former Han Dynasty. E. Brill, Leiden. pp. 92–93. ISBN 90-04-05884-2.
  6. ^ Bonavia (2004), p. 330.
  7. ^ a b 2018年ねん统计用よう区く划代码和城じょう乡划分ぶん代だい码：且末镇 [2018 Statistical Area Numbers and Rural-Urban Area Numbers: Qiemo Town] (in Simplified Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. 2018. Retrieved 7 January 2020. 统计用よう区く划代码 城じょう乡分类代码 名称めいしょう 652825100001 121 却格里さと买亚社しゃ区く 652825100002 121 古いにしえ路ろ卡吾入にゅう克かつ社しゃ区く 652825100003 121 加か哈巴格かく社しゃ区く 652825100004 121 科か台だい买社区く 652825100005 121 电视新しん村社そんしゃ区く 652825100006 121 佳けい园社区く 652825100200 122 菜さい队村民そんみん委い员会
  8. ^ a b 2017年ねん统计用よう区く划代码和城じょう乡划分ぶん代だい码：且末镇 [2017 Statistical Area Numbers and Rural-Urban Area Numbers: Qiemo Town] (in Simplified Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. 2017. Retrieved 7 January 2020. 统计用よう区く划代码 城じょう乡分类代码 名称めいしょう 652825100001 121 却格里さと买亚社しゃ区く 652825100002 121 古こ勒科瑞みず克かつ社しゃ区く 652825100003 121 加か哈巴格かく社しゃ区く 652825100004 121 科か台だい满社区く 652825100005 121 电视新しん村社そんしゃ区く 652825100200 122 菜さい队村民そんみん委い员会
  9. ^ Hill (2009), note 1.13, pp. 83–85.
  10. ^ 关于印しるし发《且末县常态化开展环境卫生工作こうさく实施方案ほうあん》的てき通知つうち. 新しん疆且末まつ县人民じんみん政府せいふ (in Simplified Chinese). 10 September 2019. Retrieved 7 January 2020. 为精细化开展环境卫生治ち理工りこう作さく，且末镇履行りこう县城区域くいき环境卫生治ち理工りこう作さく的てき监管责任，部ぶ门单位い具体ぐたい落实责任片かた区く环境卫生治ち理工りこう作さく主体しゅたい责任（含下属ぞく单位）。具体ぐたい划分电视新しん村社そんしゃ区く、加か哈巴格かく社しゃ区く、却格里さと买亚社しゃ区く、古いにしえ路ろ卡吾入にゅう克かつ社しゃ区く、科か台だい买社区く、佳けい苑えん社しゃ区く6个片区く15个网格かく，由ゆかり县住建けん局きょく、市し监局、且末镇分别抽调1名めい工作こうさく人じん员常态化监督各かく责任主体しゅたい落实整せい治ち工作こうさく。
  11. ^ 2009年ねん统计用よう区く划代码和城じょう乡划分ぶん代だい码：且末镇 [2009 Statistical Area Numbers and Rural-Urban Area Numbers: Qiemo Town] (in Simplified Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. 2009. Retrieved 14 January 2020. 代だい码 城じょう乡分类 名称めいしょう 652825100001 121 却格里さと买亚社しゃ区く 652825100002 121 古こ勒科瑞みず克かつ社しゃ区く 652825100003 121 加か哈巴格かく社しゃ区く 652825100004 121 科か台だい满社区く 652825100005 121 电视新しん村社そんしゃ区く
  12. ^ 2009年ねん且末县行政ぎょうせい区く划 [2009 Qiemo County Administrative Divisions] (in Simplified Chinese). XZQH.org. 10 December 2010. Retrieved 7 January 2020. 行政ぎょうせい区く划代码及城じょう乡划分ぶん代だい码 652825 且末县 652825100 且末镇 652825100001 121 却格里さと买亚社しゃ区く 652825100002 121 古こ勒科瑞みず克かつ社しゃ区く 652825100003 121 加か哈巴格かく社しゃ区く 652825100004 121 科か台だい满社区く 652825100005 121 电视新しん村社そんしゃ区く

Further reading

  • Bonavia, Judy. (2004). The Silk Road: Xi'an to Kashgar. Revised by Christoph Baumer. Odyssey Publications.. ISBN 962-217-741-7.
  • Hill, John E. (2009) Through the Jade Gate to Rome: A Study of the Silk Routes during the Later Han Dynasty, 1st to 2nd Centuries CE. BookSurge, Charleston, South Carolina. ISBN 978-1-4392-2134-1.
  • Hulsewé, A. F. P. (1979). China in Central Asia: The Early Stage 125 BC – AD 23: an annotated translation of chapters 61 and 96 of the History of the Former Han Dynasty. E. J. Brill, Leiden.

External links

Retrieved from "https://mdwiki.org/wiki/Qiemo_Town"