അമേരിക്കയിലെ വൈസ് പ്രസിഡന്റുമാരുടെ പട്ടിക
1789 ൽ വൈസ് പ്രസിഡൻറുമാരുടെ ഓഫീസ് പ്രവർത്തനമാരംഭിച്ചതു മുതൽ ഇന്നേവരെ ഐക്യനാടുകൾക്ക് 47 വൈസ് പ്രസിഡൻറുമാർ ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നിട്ടുണ്ട്.
വൈസ് പ്രസിഡൻുമാർ
[തിരുത്തുക]
Nonpartisan Federalist Democratic-Republican Nullifier Democratic Whig Republican | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vice President | Previous service | Vice-Presidency[i] | Party | Election | President | |||
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ജോൺ ആഡംസ് 1735–1826 (Lived: 90 years) [1][2][3] |
United States Minister to the Court of St. James's |
1 | April 21, 1789[ii] – March 4, 1797 |
Nonpartisan | 1 (1788–89) |
George Washington[iii] | |
Federalist | 2 (1792) | |||||||
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തോമസ് ജാഫേർസൺ 1743–1826 (Lived: 83 years) [4][5][6] |
1st U.S. Secretary of State | 2 | March 4, 1797 – March 4, 1801 |
Democratic- Republican |
3 (1796) |
John Adams[iv] | |
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Aaron Burr 1756–1836 (Lived: 80 years) [7] |
U.S. Senator from New York |
3 | March 4, 1801 – March 4, 1805 |
Democratic- Republican |
4 (1800) |
Thomas Jefferson | |
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George Clinton 1739–1812 (Lived: 72 years) [8] |
1st & 3rd Governor of New York | 4 | March 4, 1805 – April 20, 1812 (Died in office) |
Democratic- Republican |
5 (1804) | ||
6 (1808) |
6 (1808) |
James Madison | ||||||
Office vacant April 20, 1812 – March 4, 1813[v] | ||||||||
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Elbridge Gerry 1744–1814 (Lived: 70 years) [9] |
9th Governor of Massachusetts | 5 | March 4, 1813 – November 23, 1814 (Died in office) |
Democratic- Republican |
7 (1812) | ||
Office vacant November 23, 1814 – March 4, 1817[v] | ||||||||
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Daniel D. Tompkins 1774–1825 (Lived: 50 years) [10] |
6th Governor of New York | 6 | March 4, 1817 – March 4, 1825 |
Democratic- Republican |
8 (1816) |
James Monroe | |
9 (1820) | ||||||||
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John C. Calhoun 1782–1850 (Lived: 68 years) [11] |
10th U.S. Secretary of War | 7 | March 4, 1825 – December 28, 1832 (Resigned from office) |
Democratic- Republican |
10 (1824) |
John Quincy Adams | |
Nullifier[vi] Democratic |
11 (1828) |
Andrew Jackson[vii] | ||||||
Office vacant December 28, 1832 – March 4, 1833[v] | ||||||||
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Martin Van Buren 1782–1862 (Lived: 79 years) [12][13][14] |
United States Minister to the Court of St. James's |
8 | March 4, 1833 – March 4, 1837 |
Democratic | 12 (1832) | ||
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Richard Mentor Johnson 1780–1850 (Lived: 70 years) [15] |
U.S. Representative for Kentucky's 13th District |
9 | March 4, 1837 – March 4, 1841 |
Democratic | 13 (1836) |
Martin Van Buren | |
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John Tyler 1790–1862 (Lived: 71 years) [16][17][18] |
U.S. Senator from Virginia |
10 | March 4, 1841 – April 4, 1841 (Succeeded to presidency) |
Whig[viii] | 14 (1840) |
William Henry Harrison (Died in office) | |
Office vacant April 4, 1841 – March 4, 1845[v] | John Tyler | |||||||
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George M. Dallas 1792–1864 (Lived: 72 years) [19] |
U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania |
11 | March 4, 1845 – March 4, 1849 |
Democratic | 15 (1844) |
James K. Polk | |
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Millard Fillmore 1800–1874 (Lived: 74 years) [20][21][22] |
14th New York State Comptroller | 12 | March 4, 1849 – July 9, 1850 (Succeeded to presidency) |
Whig | 16 (1848) |
Zachary Taylor (Died in office) | |
Office vacant July 9, 1850 – March 4, 1853[v] | Millard Fillmore | |||||||
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William R. King 1786–1853 (Lived: 67 years) [23] |
U.S. Senator from Alabama and President pro tempore of the Senate |
13 | March 4, 1853[ix] – April 18, 1853 (Died in office) |
Democratic | 17 (1852) |
Franklin Pierce | |
Office vacant April 18, 1853 – March 4, 1857[v] | ||||||||
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John C. Breckinridge 1821–1875 (Lived: 54 years) [24] |
U.S. Representative for Kentucky's 8th District |
14 | March 4, 1857 – March 4, 1861 |
Democratic | 18 (1856) |
James Buchanan | |
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Hannibal Hamlin 1809–1891 (Lived: 81 years) [25] |
26th Governor of Maine | 15 | March 4, 1861 – March 4, 1865 |
Republican | 19 (1860) |
Abraham Lincoln[x] (Died in office) | |
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Andrew Johnson 1808–1875 (Lived: 66 years) [26][27][28] |
U.S. Senator from Tennessee |
16 | March 4, 1865 – April 15, 1865 (Succeeded to presidency) |
Democratic National Union[xi] |
20 (1864) | ||
Office vacant April 15, 1865 – March 4, 1869[v] | Andrew Johnson | |||||||
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Schuyler Colfax 1823–1885 (Lived: 61 years) [29] |
U.S. Representative for Indiana's 9th District and Speaker of the House |
17 | March 4, 1869 – March 4, 1873 |
Republican | 21 (1868) |
Ulysses S. Grant | |
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Henry Wilson 1812–1875 (Lived: 63 years) [30] |
U.S. Senator from Massachusetts |
18 | March 4, 1873 – November 22, 1875 (Died in office) |
Republican | 22 (1872) | ||
Office vacant November 22, 1875 – March 4, 1877[v] | ||||||||
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William A. Wheeler 1819–1887 (Lived: 67 years) [31] |
U.S. Representative for New York's 19th District |
19 | March 4, 1877 – March 4, 1881 |
Republican | 23 (1876) |
Rutherford B. Hayes | |
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Chester A. Arthur 1829–1886 (Lived: 57 years) [32][33][34] |
21st Collector of the Port of New York | 20 | March 4, 1881 – September 19, 1881 (Succeeded to presidency) |
Republican | 24 (1880) |
James A. Garfield (Died in office) | |
Office vacant September 19, 1881 – March 4, 1885[v] | Chester A. Arthur | |||||||
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Thomas A. Hendricks 1819–1885 (Lived: 66 years) [35] |
16th Governor of Indiana | 21 | March 4, 1885 – November 25, 1885 (Died in office) |
Democratic | 25 (1884) |
Grover Cleveland | |
Office vacant November 25, 1885 – March 4, 1889[v] | ||||||||
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Levi P. Morton 1824–1920 (Lived: 96 years) [36] |
U.S. Minister to France | 22 | March 4, 1889 – March 4, 1893 |
Republican | 26 (1888) |
Benjamin Harrison | |
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Adlai Stevenson 1835–1914 (Lived: 78 years) [37] |
U.S. Representative for Illinois' 13th District |
23 | March 4, 1893 – March 4, 1897 |
Democratic | 27 (1892) |
Grover Cleveland | |
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Garret Hobart 1844–1899 (Lived: 55 years) [38] |
New Jersey State Senator and President of the Senate |
24 | March 4, 1897 – November 21, 1899 (Died in office) |
Republican | 28 (1896) |
William McKinley (Died in office) | |
Office vacant November 21, 1899 – March 4, 1901[v] | ||||||||
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Theodore Roosevelt 1858–1919 (Lived: 60 years) [39][40][41] |
33rd Governor of New York | 25 | March 4, 1901 – September 14, 1901 (Succeeded to presidency) |
Republican | 29 (1900) | ||
Office vacant September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1905[v] | Theodore Roosevelt | |||||||
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Charles W. Fairbanks 1852–1918 (Lived: 66 years) [42] |
U.S. Senator from Indiana |
26 | March 4, 1905 – March 4, 1909 |
Republican | 30 (1904) | ||
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James S. Sherman 1855–1912 (Lived: 57 years) [43] |
U.S. Representative for New York's 27th District |
27 | March 4, 1909 – October 30, 1912 (Died in office) |
Republican | 31 (1908) |
William Howard Taft | |
Office vacant October 30, 1912 – March 4, 1913[v] | ||||||||
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Thomas R. Marshall 1854–1925 (Lived: 71 years) [44] |
27th Governors of Indiana | 28 | March 4, 1913 – March 4, 1921 |
Democratic | 32 (1912) |
Woodrow Wilson | |
33 (1916) | ||||||||
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Calvin Coolidge 1872–1933 (Lived: 60 years) [45][46][47] |
48th Governor of Massachusetts | 29 | March 4, 1921 – August 2, 1923 (Succeeded to presidency) |
Republican | 34 (1820) |
Warren G. Harding (Died in office) | |
Office vacant August 2, 1923 – March 4, 1925[v] | Calvin Coolidge | |||||||
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Charles G. Dawes 1865–1951 (Lived: 85 years) [48] |
1st Director of the U.S. Bureau of the Budget |
30 | March 4, 1925 – March 4, 1929 |
Republican | 35 (1924) | ||
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Charles Curtis 1860–1936 (Lived: 76 years) [49] |
U.S. Senator from Kansas and Senate Majority Leader |
31 | March 4, 1929 – March 4, 1933 |
Republican | 36 (1928) |
Herbert Hoover | |
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John Nance Garner 1868–1967 (Lived: 98 years) [50] |
U.S. Representative for Texas's 15th District and Speaker of the House |
32 | March 4, 1933 – January 20, 1941[xii] |
Democratic | 37 (1932) |
Franklin D. Roosevelt (Died in office) | |
38 (1936) | ||||||||
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Henry A. Wallace 1888–1965 (Lived: 77 years) [51] |
11th U.S. Secretary of Agriculture | 33 | January 20, 1941 – January 20, 1945 |
Democratic | 39 (1940) | ||
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Harry S. Truman 1884–1972 (Lived: 88 years) [52][53][54] |
U.S. Senator from Missouri |
34 | January 20, 1945 – April 12, 1945 (Succeeded to presidency) |
Democratic | 40 (1944) | ||
Office vacant April 12, 1945 – January 20, 1949[v] | Harry S. Truman | |||||||
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Alben W. Barkley 1877–1956 (Lived: 78 years) [55] |
U.S. Senator from Kentucky |
35 | January 20, 1949 – January 20,1953 |
Democratic | 41 (1948) | ||
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Richard Nixon 1913–1994 (Lived: 81 years) [56][57][58] |
U.S. Senator from California |
36 | January 20, 1953 – January 20, 1961 |
Republican | 42 (1952) |
Dwight D. Eisenhower | |
43 (1956) | ||||||||
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Lyndon B. Johnson 1908–1973 (Lived: 64 years) [59][60] |
U.S. Senator from Texas and Senate Majority Leader |
37 | January 20, 1961 – November 22, 1963 (Succeeded to presidency) |
Democratic | 44 (1960) |
John F. Kennedy (Died in office) | |
Office vacant November 22, 1963 – January 20, 1965[v] | Lyndon B. Johnson | |||||||
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Hubert Humphrey 1911–1978 (Lived: 66 years) [61] |
U.S. Senator from Minnesota and Senate Majority Whip |
38 | January 20, 1965 – January 20, 1969 |
Democratic | 45 (1964) | ||
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Spiro Agnew 1918–1996 (Lived: 77 years) [62] |
55th Governor of Maryland | 39 | January 20, 1969 – October 10, 1973 (Resigned from office) |
Republican | 46 (1968) |
Richard Nixon (Resigned from office) | |
47 (1972) | ||||||||
Office vacant October 10 – December 6, 1973[xiii] | ||||||||
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Gerald Ford 1913–2006 (Lived: 93 years) [63][64][65] |
U.S. Representative for Michigan's 5th District and House Minority Leader |
40 | December 6, 1973 – August 9, 1974 (Succeeded to presidency) |
Republican | |||
Office vacant August 9 – December 19, 1974[xiii] | Gerald Ford | |||||||
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Nelson Rockefeller 1908–1979 (Lived: 70 years) [66] |
49th Governor of New York | 41 | December 19, 1974 – January 20, 1977 |
Republican | |||
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Walter Mondale Born 1928 (96 years old) [67] |
U.S. Senator from Minnesota |
42 | January 20, 1977 – January 20, 1981 |
Democratic | 48 (1976) |
Jimmy Carter | |
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George H. W. Bush Born 1924 (100 years old) [68][69][70] |
11th Director of Central Intelligence | 43 | January 20, 1981 – January 20, 1989[xiv] |
Republican | 49 (1980) |
Ronald Reagan | |
50 (1984) | ||||||||
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Dan Quayle Born 1947 (77 years old) [71] |
U.S. Senator from Indiana |
44 | January 20, 1989 – January 20, 1993 |
Republican | 51 (1988) |
George H. W. Bush | |
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Al Gore Born 1948 (76 years old) [72] |
U.S. Senator from Tennessee |
45 | January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001 |
Democratic | 52 (1992) |
Bill Clinton | |
53 (1996) | ||||||||
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Dick Cheney Born 1941 (83 years old) [73] |
17th U.S. Secretary of Defense | 46 | January 20, 2001 – January 20, 2009[xiv] |
Republican | 54 (2000) |
George W. Bush | |
55 (2004) | ||||||||
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Joe Biden Born 1942 (81 years old) [74] |
U.S. Senator from Delaware |
47 | January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2017 |
Democratic | 56 (2008) |
Barack Obama | |
57 (2012) | ||||||||
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Mike Pence
Born 1959 (57 years old) |
50th Governor of Indiana | January 20, 2017 | Donald Trump |
ജീവിച്ചിരിപ്പുള്ള പഴയ വൈസ് പ്രസിഡൻറുമാർ
[തിരുത്തുക]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg/170px-Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png)
ഇപ്പോഴത്തെ കണക്കുകൾ പ്രകാരം ഐക്യനാടുകളുടെ പഴയ അഞ്ചും വൈസ് പ്രസിഡൻറുമാർ ജീവിച്ചിരിപ്പുണ്ട്. അടുത്ത കാലത്തു (ഡിസംബർ 26, 2016) കാലയവനിക പൂകി പഴയ വൈസ് പ്രസിഡൻറ് ജെറാൾഡ് ഫോർഡ് ആണ് (രാഷ്ട്രസേവനം - 1973–74) 93 വയസുണ്ടായിരുന്നു.
Vice President | Vice-Presidency[i] | Date of birth | |
---|---|---|---|
George H. W. Bush | 43 | 1981–1989 | ജൂൺ 12, 1924 |
Dan Quayle | 44 | 1989–1993 | ഫെബ്രുവരി 4, 1947 |
Al Gore | 45 | 1993–2001 | മാർച്ച് 31, 1948 |
Dick Cheney | 46 | 2001–2009 | ജനുവരി 30, 1941 |
അനന്തരമുള്ള സർക്കാർ സേവനം
[തിരുത്തുക]Twenty–five vice presidents held other high U.S. state or federal government positions after leaving the vice presidency. Fourteen went on to become President of the United States (9 of them following their predecessor's death or resignation), and 4 served in the United States Senate. Several served as U.S. Cabinet members, ambassadors of the United States abroad, or in U.S. state government.
കുറിപ്പുകൾ
[തിരുത്തുക]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 A vice–presidency is defined as an uninterrupted period of time in office served by one person. For example, John Adams served two consecutive terms and is counted as the first vice president (not the first and second). Likewise, George Clinton is counted as the fourth and John Calhoun as the seventh, even though each one's consecutive terms in office were served under more than one president. Following the resignation of 39th vice president Spiro Agnew, Gerald Ford became the 40th vice president even though he was chosen to serve out the remainder of Agnew's second term. Then, when Ford succeeded to the presidency later in that same term, Nelson Rockefeller became the 41st vice president and served out the remainder of the term.
- ↑ Due to logistical delays, John Adams assumed the office of Vice President 1 മാസം 17 ദിവസങ്ങൾ after the March 4, 1789 scheduled start of operations of the new government under the Constitution. As a result, his first term was only 1,413 days long, and was the shortest term for a U.S. vice president who neither died in office nor resigned.
- ↑ George Washington remained unaffiliated with any political faction or party throughout his eight-year presidency. Greatly concerned about the very real capacity of political parties to destroy the fragile unity holding the nation together, he was, and remains, the only U.S. president never to be affiliated with a political party.
- ↑ The 1796 presidential election was the first contested American presidential election and resulted in a situation where the persons elected president and vice president belonged to opposing political parties. Federalist John Adams was elected president, and Thomas Jefferson of the Democratic-Republicans was elected vice president.
- ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 Prior to ratification of the Twenty-fifth Amendment, February 10, 1967, an intra-term vacancy in the vice presidency could not be filled.
- ↑ John Calhoun, formerly a Democratic-Republican, founded the Nullifier Party in 1828 to advance the cause of states' rights, but was brought on as Andrew Jackson's running mate in the 1828 presidential election in an effort to broaden the political coalition emerging around Jackson.
- ↑ Andrew Jackson's supporters from the former Democratic-Republican Party, which had largely collapsed by the mid-1820s, began calling themselves democrats during his first term in office, thus marking the evolution of Thomas Jefferson's Democratic-Republican Party into the modern Democratic Party.
- ↑ John Tyler, a former Democrat, ran for vice president on the Whig Party ticket with Harrison in 1840. Tyler's policy priorities as president soon proved to be opposed to most of the Whig agenda, and he was expelled from the party in September 1841.
- ↑ Ill with tuberculosis, William King traveled to Cuba after the 1852 election in an effort to regain his health, and was not able to be in Washington to take his oath of office on March 4, 1853. By a Special Act of Congress, he was allowed to take the oath outside the United States, and was sworn in on March 24, 1853 near Matanzas, Cuba. He is the only vice president to be sworn in in a foreign country.
- ↑ When he ran for reelection in 1864, Republican Abraham Lincoln formed a bipartisan electoral alliance with War Democrats by selecting Democrat Andrew Johnson as his running mate, and running on the National Union Party ticket.
- ↑ Democrat Andrew Johnson ran for Vice President on the National Union Party ticket with Republican Abraham Lincoln in 1864. Later, while president, Johnson tried and failed to build a party of loyalists under the National Union banner. Near the end of his presidency, Johnson rejoined the Democratic Party.
- ↑ The Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified on January 23, 1933, moved Inauguration Day from March 4 to January 20, beginning in 1937. As a result, John Nance Garner's first term in office was 1 മാസം 12 ദിവസങ്ങൾ shorter than a normal term.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 The Twenty-fifth Amendment established a process whereby an intra-term vacancy in the vice presidency is filled by presidential appointment.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 The Twenty-fifth Amendment established a procedure whereby a Vice President may, if the president is unable to discharge the powers and duties of the office, temporarily assume the powers and duties of the office as Acting President. George H. W. Bush did so once, on July 13, 1985. Dick Cheney did so twice, on June 29, 2002, and on July 21, 2007.
ഇതു കൂടി കാണുക
[തിരുത്തുക]- Founding Fathers of the United States
- List of Presidents of the United States
- Presiding Officer of the United States Senate
- United States Senate Vice Presidential Bust Collection
References
[തിരുത്തുക]- ↑ "Biography of John Adams". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "John Adams – Federalist Party – 2nd President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Life Portrait of John Adams". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
- ↑ "Biography of Thomas Jefferson". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Thomas Jefferson – Democratic-Republican Party – 3rd President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Life Portrait of Thomas Jefferson". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
- ↑ "Aaron Burr (1801-1805) - Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on 2016-09-17. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
- ↑ "George Clinton (1805-1809) - Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on 2016-09-17. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
- ↑ "Elbridge Gerry (1813-1814) - Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on 2016-10-21. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
- ↑ "Daniel D. Tompkins (1817-1825) - Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on 2016-09-17. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
- ↑ "John C. Calhoun (1825-1829) - Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on 2016-09-17. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
- ↑ "Biography of Martin Van Buren". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Martin Van Buren – Democratic-Republican, Democratic, and Free Soil Party – 8th President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Life Portrait of Martin Van Buren". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
- ↑ "Richard M. Johnson (1837–1841) - Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on 2016-09-17. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
- ↑ "Biography of John Tyler". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "John Tyler – No Party – 10th President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Life Portrait of John Tyler". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
- ↑ "George M. Dallas (1845–1849) - Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on 2016-09-17. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
- ↑ "Biography of Millard Fillmore". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Millard Filmore – WHIG Party – 13th President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Life Portrait of Millard Fillmore". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
- ↑ "William R. D. King (1853) - Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on 2016-09-17. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
- ↑ "John C. Breckinridge (1857–1861) - Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
- ↑ "Hannibal Hamlin (1861–1865) - Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on 2016-09-17. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
- ↑ "Biography of Andrew Johnson". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Andrew Johnson – National Union Party – 17th President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Life Portrait of Andrew Johnson". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
- ↑ "Schuyler Colfax (1869–1873) - Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on 2016-09-17. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
- ↑ "Henry Wilson (1873–1875) - Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on 2016-09-17. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
- ↑ "William A. Wheeler (1877–1881) - Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on 2016-09-11. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
- ↑ "Biography of Chester Arthur". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Chester A. Arthur – Republican Party – 21st President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Life Portrait of Chester A. Arthur". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
- ↑ "Thomas A. Hendricks (1885) - Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on 2016-09-17. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
- ↑ "Levi P. Morton - Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on 2016-09-17. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
- ↑ "Adlai E. Stevenson (1893–1897) - Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
- ↑ "Garret A. Hobart (1897–1899) - Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
- ↑ "Biography of Theodore Roosevelt". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Theodore Roosevelt – Republican, Bull Moose Party – 26th President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Life Portrait of Theodore Roosevelt". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
- ↑ "Charles W. Fairbanks - Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on 2016-09-17. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
- ↑ "James S. Sherman - Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on 2016-09-17. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
- ↑ "Thomas R. Marshall - Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on 2016-09-17. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
- ↑ "Biography of Calvin Coolidge". Whitehouse.gov. March 13, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Calvin Coolidge – Republican Party – 30th President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Life Portrait of Calvin Coolidge". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
- ↑ "Charles G. Dawes - Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on 2016-09-17. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
- ↑ "Charles Curtis - Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on 2016-09-17. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
- ↑ "John N. Garner (1933–1941) - Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on 2016-09-17. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
- ↑ "Henry A. Wallace (1941–1945) - Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on 2016-09-17. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
- ↑ "Biography of Harry S Truman". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Harry S Truman – Democratic Party – 33rd President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Life Portrait of Harry S. Truman". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
- ↑ "Alben W. Barkley - Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
- ↑ "Richard M. Nixon". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Richard Nixon – Republican Party – 37th President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Life Portrait of Richard M. Nixon". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
- ↑ "Lyndon B. Johnson – Democratic Party – 36th President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Life Portrait of Lyndon B. Johnson". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
- ↑ "Hubert H. Humphrey - Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on 2016-09-17. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
- ↑ "Spiro T. Agnew (1969–1973) - Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on 2016-09-17. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
- ↑ "Biography of Gerald R. Ford". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Gerald Ford – Republican Party – 38th President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Life Portrait of Gerald R. Ford". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
- ↑ "Nelson A. Rockefeller - Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on 2016-09-17. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
- ↑ "Walter Mondale - Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on 2016-09-17. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
- ↑ "Biography of George Herbert Walker Bush". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "George H. W. Bush – Republican Party – 41st President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Life Portrait of George H.W. Bush". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
- ↑ "J. Danforth Quayle - Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
- ↑ "Albert Gore, Jr. - Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on 2016-09-17. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
- ↑ "Richard B. Cheney - Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on 2016-09-17. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
- ↑ "Joseph Biden - Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on 2016-09-17. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
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- Official White House website for the Vice President Archived 2006-10-24 at the Wayback Machine.
- Vice presidents of the United States, July 22, 2016, CNN.com
- Vice Presidents of the United States 1789–1993 Mark O. Hatfield, et al.; edited by Wendy Wolff, U.S. Senate Historical Office. U.S. Government Printing Office; Washington, 1997.