Šaktizam

Šaktizam je hinduistička tradicija s fokusom na boginji.

Šaktizam (Sanskrit: Śāktaḥ, doslovno „doktrina energije, moći, večne Boginje”) jedna je od glavnih tradicija hinduizma, pri čemu se metafizička stvarnost metaforički smatra ženskom, a Adi Parašakti vrhovnim. To uključuje razne Boginje, sve smatrane aspektima iste vrhovne Boginje. Šaktizam ima različite podtradicije, u rasponu od onih usredsređenih na milostivog Parvatija do žestoke Kali, a neke šaktijske podtradicije povezuju svoju Boginju sa Šivom ili Brahmom ili Višnuom.

Hinduistički tekstovi Šruti i Smriti važan su istorijski okvir tradicije šaktizma. Pored toga, šaktizam poštuje tekstove Devi Mahatmija, Devi-Bagavata Purana, Mahabagvata Purana i Šakta Upanišade kao što je Devi Upanišad. Posebno se smatra da je Devi Mahatmija u šaktizmu podjednako važan kao i Bagavad Gita.

Šaktizam je poznat po različitim podtradicijama Tantre, kao i po galaksiji Boginja sa odgovarajućim sistemima. Sastoji se od Vidijapita i Kulamarga. Panteon Boginje u šaktizmu narastao je nakon pada budizma u Indiji, gde su hinduističke i budističke boginje kombinovane da bi postale Mahavidija, spisak od deset Boginja. Najčešći aspekti Devija koji su pronađeni u šaktizmu uključuju Durgu, Kali, Amba, Sarasvati, Lakšmi, Parvati i Tripurasundari. Tradicija orijentisana prema boginji posebno je popularna u Zapadnom Bengalu, Odiši, Asamu, Tripuri, Kumaonu, Mitili (Severni Bihar) i Nepalu i susednim regionima koje je proslavljaju kroz festivale kao što je Durga Puja. Ideje šaktizma uticale su na višnuizam i tradiciju šivizma, pri čemu se Boginjom smatra Šakti od Višnu i Šive respektivno, a odaje joj se počast prevashodno u mnogim hinduističkim hramovima i festivalima.

Literatura

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Spoljašnje veze

• Encyclopædia Britannica, "Shaktism"
• The Sakta Traditions, The Oxford Centre for Hindu Studies
• Devi, The Arthur M. Sackler Gallery and Freer Gallery of Art, Smithsonian Institution
• The Portrait of the Goddess in the Devī-māhātmya, David Kinsley (1978)
• The Indian Religion of the Goddess Shakti, Hans Koester (1929)