Tertuliani
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Tertullian.jpg/250px-Tertullian.jpg)
Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus (160 hivi – 225 hivi),[1] alikuwa padri na mwandishi maarufu wa Ukristo wa mwanzoni kutoka Karthago, mji wa mkoa wa Afrika katika Dola la Roma, leo nchini Tunisia.[2]
Ndiye Mkristo wa kwanza aliyeandika sana kwa Kilatini, akiathiri fasihi yote iliyofuata hasa kwa misamiati yake mipya, hasa kuhusu fumbo la Utatu Mtakatifu[3] akaitwa "mwanzilishi wa teolojia ya Magharibi."[4]
Katika maandishi yake anajitokeza kama mtetezi wa imani pamoja na kupinga uzushi, ingawa ukali wa itikadi yake hatimaye ulimfanya ajitenge na Kanisa Katoliki[5].
Habari chache tulizonazo kuhusu maisha yake yanapatikana hasa katika maandishi yake.
Maandishi
[hariri | hariri chanzo]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Septimi_Florensis_Tertulliani_Opera.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Septimi_Florensis_Tertulliani_Opera.tif.jpg)
Yanapatikana katika magombo 1–2 ya Patrologia Latina, na matoleo ya kisasa zaidi katika Corpus Christianorum Latinorum.
- Utetezi wa imani
- Apologeticus pro Christianis.
- Dissertatio Mosheim in Apol.
- Libri duo ad Nationes.
- De Testimonio animae.
- Ad Martyres.
- De Spectaculis.
- De Idololatria.
- Accedit ad Scapulam liber.
- Dissertatio D. Le Nourry in Apologet. libr. II ad Nat. et libr. ad Scapulam.
- Hoja dhidi ya wengine
- De Oratione.
- De Baptismo.
- De Poenitentia.
- De Patientia.
- Ad Uxorem libri duo.
- De Cultu Feminarum lib. II.
- Mafundisho ya imani
- De Corona Militis.
- De Fuga in Persecutione.
- Adversus Gnosticos Scorpiace.
- Adversus Praxeam.
- Adversus Hermogenem.
- Adversus Marcionem libri V.
- Adversus Valentinianos.
- Adversus Judaeos.
- De Anima.
- De Carne Christi.
- De Resurrectione Carnis.
- Maadili
- De velandis Virginibus.
- De Exhortatione Castitatis.
- De Monogamia.
- De Jejuniis.
- De Pudicitia.
- De Pallio.
Kadiri ya tarehe
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Orodha hii ilipendekezwa na John Kaye, askofu wa Lincoln katika karne ya 19[6]
Ya alipokuwa Mkatoliki (labda):
- 1. De Poenitentia (Of Repentance)
- 2. De Oratione (Of Prayer)
- 3. De Baptismo (Of Baptism)
- 4.,5. Ad Uxorem, lib. I & II, (To His Wife),
- 6. Ad Martyras (To the Martyrs),
- 7. De Patientia (Of Patience)
- 8. Adversus Judaeos (Reply to the Jews)
- 9. De Praescriptione Haereticorum (Prescription against Heretics),
Yasiyobainika:
- 10. Apologeticus pro Christianis (Apology for the Christians)
- 11.,12. ad Nationes, lib. I & II (To the Nations)
- 13. De Testimonio animae (On the Witness of the Soul)
- 14. De Pallio (Of the Ascetic Mantle)
- 15. Adversus Hermogenem (Against Hermogenes)
Ya baada ya kujitenga (labda):
- 16. Adversus Valentinianus (Against the Valentinians)
- 17. ad Scapulam (To Scapula, Proconsul of Africa),
- 18. De Spectaculis (Of the Games),
- 19. De Idololatria (Of Idolatry)
- 20., 21. De cultu Feminarum, lib. I & II (Of Women's Dress)
Ya baada ya kujitenga:
- 22. Adversus Marcionem, lib I (Against Marcion, Bk. I),
- 23. Adversus Marcionem, lib II
- 24. De Anima (Of the Soul),
- 25. Adversus Marcionem, lib III
- 26. Adversus Marcionem, lib IV
- 27. De Carne Christi (Of the Flesh of Christ),
- 28. De Resurrectione Carnis (Of the Resurrection of Flesh)
- 29. Adversus Marcionem, lib V
- 30. Adversus Praxean (Against Praxeas),
- 31. Scorpiace (Antidote to Scorpion's Bite)
- 32. De Corona Militis (Of the Soldier's Garland),
- 33. De velandis Virginibus (Of Veiling Virgins),
- 34. De Exhortatione Castitatis (Of Exhortation to Chastity),
- 35. De Fuga in Persecutione (Of Flight in Persecution)
- 36. De Monogamia (Of Monogamy)
- 37. De Jejuniis, adversus psychicos (Of Fasting, against the materialists),
- 38. De Puditicia (Of Modesty)
Maandishi yenye shaka
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- 1. Adversus Omnes Haereses (Against all Heresies) – poss. Victorinus of Pettau
- 2 De execrandis gentium diis (On the Execrable Gods of the Heathens)
- 3 Carmen adversus Marcionem (Poem against Marcion)
- 4 Carmen de Iona Propheta (Poem about the Prophet Jonas) – poss. Cyprianus Gallus
- 5 Carmen de Sodoma (Poem about Sodom) – poss. Cyprianus Gallus
- 6 Carmen de Genesi (Poem about Genesis)
- 7 Carmen de Judicio Domini (Poem about the Judgment of the Lord)
Tazama pia
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Tanbihi
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- ↑ T.D.Barnes, Tertullian: a literary and historical study, Oxford, 1971
- ↑ T. D. Barnes, Tertullian: a Historical and Literary Study (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985), 58.
- ↑ Ekonomou 2007
- ↑ Justo L. Gonzáles, The Story of Christianity, Volume 1: The Early Church to the Dawn of the Reformation (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2010), 91–93.
- ↑ https://dacb.org/stories/tunisia/tertullian/
- ↑ cf. J.Kaye, 1845, The Ecclesiastical History of the Second and Third Centuries. List here as reproduced in Rev. Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson, editors, 1867–1872, Ante-Nicene Christian Library: Translation of the Writings of the Fathers, Down to AD 325, Vol. 18, p. xii-xiii
Marejeo
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- Initial text of article from The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Philip Schaff, public domain
- This Holy Seed: Faith, Hope and Love in the Early Churches of North Africa Robin Daniel, (Chester, Tamarisk Publications, 2010: from www.opaltrust.org) ISBN 095385634.
- T.D.Barnes, Tertullian: A literary and historical study Oxford, 1971; reprinted with appendix of revisions 1985.
- Ekonomou, Andrew J. 2007. Byzantine Rome and the Greek Popes: Eastern influences on Rome and the papacy from Gregory the Great to Zacharias, A.D. 590–752. Lexington Books.
Viungo vya nje
[hariri | hariri chanzo]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/50px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png)
- Primary sources:
- Tertullian's works in many languages, including Latin, and English, website intratext.com.
- English translations of all Tertullian's works can be found in Rev. Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson, editors, 1867–1872, Ante-Nicene Christian Library: Translation of the Writings of the Fathers, Down to AD 325, Edinburgh: T&T Clark: Vol. 7 (Tertullian's Against Marcion), Vol. 11(Tertullian's Treatises, Pt. 1), Vol. 15 (Tertullian's Treatises, Pt.2), Vol. 18 (Tertullian's Treatises, Pt. 3)
- Secondary sources:
- EarlyChurch.org.uk Detailed bibliography and on-line articles.
- Jerome's On Famous Men Chapter 53 is devoted to Tertullian.
- Catholic Encyclopedia: Tertullian
- Tertullian in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
- The Tertullian Project, a site which provides all of the works of this Father of Church in Latin, translations in many languages, manuscripts etc.
- J. Kaye, Bishop of Lincoln (1845, third edition) The Ecclesiastical History of the Second and Third Centuries, illustrated from the writings of Tertullian. London: Rivington.
- Shughuli au kuhusu Tertuliani katika maktaba ya WorldCat catalog
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