(Translated by https://www.hiragana.jp/)
December_12
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{| style="float:right;" |- |{{DecemberCalendar}} |- |{{ThisDateInRecentYears|Month=December|Day=12}} |} {{PAGENAME}} is the 346th day (347th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian_calendar, with 19 days remaining. ==Events== * 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeated Emperor Khosrau_II's Persian forces, commanded by General Rhahzadh. *1098 - First_Crusade: Massacre of Ma'arrat_al-Numan - Crusaders breach the town's walls and massacre about 20,000 inhabitants. After finding themselves with insufficient food, they resort to Cannibalism. *1531 - Apparition of Our_Lady_of_Guadalupe to Juan Diego in Mexico_City. *1719 - The ''Boston_Gazette'' is published for the first time. *1781 - American_Revolutionary_War: Second_Battle_of_Ushant - A Royal_Navy squadron, commanded by Rear Admiral Richard_Kempenfelt in ''HMS_Victory'', defeats a French fleet. *1787 - Pennsylvania becomes the 2nd state to ratify the United_States_Constitution. *1862 - USS_Cairo sunk on the Yazoo_River, becoming the first armored ship to be sunk by an electrically detonated mine. *1870 - Joseph_H._Rainey of South_Carolina becomes the first black U.S. congressman. *1897 - Belo_Horizonte, the first Planned_city of Brazil, is inaugurated. *1901 - Guglielmo_Marconi receives the first Trans-Atlantic Radio signal at Signal Hill in St_John's,_Newfoundland. *1903 - The city of Fairfield,_California is incorporated. *1911 - Delhi replaces Calcutta as the capital of India. *1915 - President of the Republic_of_China, Yuan_Shikai, reinstates the monarchy and proclaims himself Emperor_of_China. *1917 - In Nebraska, Father Edward_J._Flanagan founds Boys_Town as a farm village for wayward boys. *1925 - The Majlis_of_Iran votes to crown Reza Khan as the new Shah_of_Persia. *1936 - Xi'an_Incident: The Generalissimo of the Republic_of_China, Chiang_Kai-shek was kidnapped by Zhang_Xueliang. *1937 - Panay_incident: Japanese aircraft shell and sink US gunboat ''Panay'' on the Yangtze_River in China. *1939 - Winter_War: Battle_of_Tolvajärvi - Finnish forces defeat those of the Soviet_Union in their first major victory of the conflict. *1940 - Approximately 70 people are killed in the Marples Hotel, Fitzalan_Square, Sheffield as a result of a German air raid. *1941 - World War II: Great_Britain declares war on Bulgaria. Hungary and Romania declare war on the United_States. India declares war on Japan. *1942 - A fire in a hostel in St._John's,_Newfoundland kills 100 people. *1946 - A fire at a New_York_City ice plant spreads to a nearby tenement killing 37 people. *1948 - Malayan_Emergency: Batang_Kali_Massacre - 14 members of the Scots_Guards stationed in Malaysia allegedly massacre 24 unarmed civilians and set fire to the village. *1950 - Paula_Ackerman, the first woman appointed to perform Rabbinical functions in the United_States, leads the congregation in her first services. *1963 - Kenya gains its independence from the United_Kingdom. *1964 - Prime Minister Jomo_Kenyatta became the first President of the Republic of Kenya. *1969 - ''Strategia della tensione'': Piazza_Fontana_bombing - The offices of Banca Nazionale dell'Agricoltura in Piazza Fontana, Milan, are bombed. *1979 - Coup_d'état_of_December_Twelfth: South_Korean military officer Chun_Doo-hwan orders the arrest of Army Chief of Staff General Jeong Seung-hwa without authorization from President Choi_Kyu-ha, alleging involvement in the assassination of ex-President Park_Chung_Hee. * 1979 - Pakistan President Zia-ul-Haq conferred ''Nishan-e-Imtiaz'' on Nobel laureate Dr Abdus_Salam. * 1979 - Rhodesia changes its name to Zimbabwe. *1982 - Women's peace protest at Greenham_Common - 30,000 women hold hands and form a human chain around the 14.5 km (9 mi) perimeter fence. *1985 - Arrow_Air_Flight_1285 crashes after takeoff in Gander, Newfoundland killing 256, including 248 members of the United_States_Army's 101st_Airborne_Division. *1988 - Clapham_Junction_rail_crash killed 35 and injured 100's after two collisions of three commuter trains. One of the worst train crashes in Britain. *1990 - Pakistan became the 37th country in the world to send an expedition to Antarctica. *1996 - Uday_Hussein is seriously injured in an assassination attempt. *2000 - The United States Supreme Court releases its decision in ''Bush_v._Gore'' *2003 - Paul_Martin,_Jr. is sworn-in as the 21st Prime_Minister_of_Canada. ==Births== *1298 - Archduke Albert_II_of_Austria (d. 1358) *1418 - Archduke Albert_VI_of_Austria (d. 1463) *1574 - Anne_of_Denmark, wife of James_I_of_England (d. 1619) *1610 - Saint_Vasilije (d. 1671) *1712 - Prince_Charles_Alexander_of_Lorraine, Austrian military leader (d. 1780) *1724 - Samuel_Hood,_1st_Viscount_Hood, British admiral (d. 1816) *1745 - John_Jay, 1st Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States (d. 1829) *1779 - Madeline_Sophie_Barat, French saint (d. 1865) *1783 - Ner_Alexander_Middleswarth, American politician (d. 1865) *1786 - William_L._Marcy, American statesman (d. 1857) *1799 - Karl_Briullov, Russian painter (d. 1852) *1805 - William_Lloyd_Garrison, American abolitionist (d. 1879) *1806 - Stand_Watie, American Confederate general and Cherokee leader (d. 1871) *1821 - Gustave_Flaubert, French writer (d. 1880) *1845 - Bruce_Price, American architect (d. 1903) *1863 - Edvard_Munch, Norwegian expressionist painter (d. 1944) *1864 - Paul_Elmer_More, American critic and essayist (d. 1937) *1866 - Alfred_Werner, German chemist and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1919) *1870 - Walter_Benona_Sharp, American oil baron (d. 1912) *1875 - Gerd_von_Rundstedt, German field marshal (d. 1953) *1876 - Alvin_Kraenzlein, American athlete and Olympic gold medalist (d. 1928) *1887 - Kurt_Atterberg, Swedish composer (d. 1974) *1892 - Herman Potočnik Noordung, Austro-Hungarian-born rocket engineer (d. 1929) *1893 - Edward_G._Robinson, American actor (d. 1973) *1900 - Sammy_Davis,_Sr., American dancer (d. 1988) *1903 - Dagmar_Nordstrom, American composer and pianist (d. 1976) * 1903 - Yasujiro_Ozu, Japanese film director (d. 1963) *1904 - Baron Nicolas_de_Gunzburg, magazine editor and socialite (d. 1981) *1905 - Mànes Sperber, Austro-Hungarian-born writer (d. 1984) *1914 - Patrick_O'Brian (Richard Patrick Russ), British author (d. 2000) *1915 - Frank_Sinatra, American singer and actor (d. 1998) *1918 - Joe Williams, American singer (d. 1999) *1919 - Olivia_Barclay, British astrologer (d. 2001) *1923 - Bob_Barker, American television game show host *1924 - Ed_Koch, Mayor of New York City *1927 - Honor_Blackman, British actress * 1927 - Robert_Noyce, American inventor (d. 1990) *1928 - Chinghiz_Aitmatov, Soviet-born Kyrgyz writer *1929 - John_Osborne, British dramatist (d. 1994) * 1929 - Toshiko_Akiyoshi, Japanese musician *1930 - Bill_Beutel, American Journalist (d. 2006) *1931 - Lionel_Blair, British actor, choreographer, tap dancer and television presenter *1932 - Bob_Pettit, American basketball player *1934 - Miguel de la Madrid, President_of_Mexico *1938 - Connie_Francis, American singer *1940 - Sharad_Pawar, Indian politician * 1940 - Dionne_Warwick, American singer *1943 - Dickey_Betts, American guitarist and singer (The_Allman_Brothers) * 1943 - Grover_Washington,_Jr., American saxophonist (d. 1999) *1946 - Emerson_Fittipaldi, Brazilian racing driver and Formula 1 World Champion *1949 - Rajnikanth (Shivaji Rao Gaekwad), Indian actor *1952 - Cathy_Rigby, American gymnast and actress *1956 - Johan_Van_der_Velde, Dutch cyclist *1957 - Sheila_E., American musician *1962 - Tracy_Austin, American tennis player *1964 - Terry Brunk, American professional wrestler *1966 - Royce_Gracie, Brazilian martial artist *1967 - John_Randle, American football player *1968 - Laurie_Williams, Indian cricket player *1970 - Jennifer_Connelly, American actress * 1970 - Madchen_Amick, American actress *1972 - Hank_Williams_III, American country/punk singer/songwriter, grandson of Hank_Williams * 1972 - Nicky_Eaden, English footballer *1974 - Rey_Mysterio,_Jr., American wrestler * 1974 - Nolberto_Solano, Peruvian footballer *1975 - Mayim_Bialik, American actress *1975 - Craig_Moore, Australian footballer *1976 - Dan_Hawkins, British guitarist (The_Darkness) *1977 - Orlando_Hudson, American baseball player * 1977 - Bridget_Hall, American supermodel *1978 - Monica_Barladeanu, Romanian actress * 1978 - Evren_Genis, Turkish composer *1979 - Garrett_Atkins, American baseball player * 1979 - Nate_Clements, American football player *1981 - Jeret_Peterson, American aerial skier * 1981 - Yuvraj_Singh, Indian cricket player * 1981 - Stephen_Warnock, British footballer *1982 - Dmitry_Tursunov, Russian tennis player *1983 - Katrina_Elam, American singer * 1983 - Brad_Smith, American football player *1989 - Harry_Eden, British actor ==Deaths== * 884 - Carloman,_King_of_the_West_Franks *1212 - Geoffrey,_Archbishop_of_York *1569 - Metropolitan_Philip of Moscow (b. 1507) *1574 - Selim_II, Ottoman_Sultan (b. 1524) *1586 - Stefan_Batory, King of Poland (b. 1533) *1685 - John_Pell, English mathematician (b. 1610) *1751 - Henry_St_John,_1st_Viscount_Bolingbroke, English statesman and philosopher (b. 1678) *1754 - Wu_Jingzi, Chinese writer (b. 1701) *1766 - Johann_Christoph_Gottsched, German writer (b. 1700) *1789 - John_Ponsonby, Irish politician (b. 1713) *1790 - Mikhail_Shcherbatov, Russian philosopher and writer (b. 1733) *1843 - King William_I_of_the_Netherlands, (b. 1772) *1889 - Robert_Browning, British poet (b. 1812) *1894 - Sir John Thompson, fourth Prime_Minister_of_Canada (b. 1845) *1913 - Emperor Menelek_II_of_Ethiopia (b. 1844) *1923 - Raymond_Radiguet, French author (b. 1903) *1926 - Jean_Richepin, French poet (b. 1849) *1929 - Charles_Goodnight, American cattle baron (b. 1836) *1939 - Douglas_Fairbanks, American actor (b. 1883) *1952 - Bedřich Hrozný, Austro-Hungarian-born Czechoslovak orientalist and linguist (b. 1879) *1963 - Ozu_Yasujiro, Japanese film director (b. 1903) *1968 - Tallulah_Bankhead, American actress (b. 1902) *1970 - Doris_Blackburn, Australian politician (b. 1889) *1971 - David_Sarnoff, Russian-born American General Manager of RCA (b. 1891) *1976 - Vinko_Zganec, Croatian Ethnomusicologist (b. 1890) *1985 - Anne_Baxter, American actress (b. 1923) *1993 - J%C3%B3zsef_Antall, Hungarian politician (b. 1932) *1994 - Stuart_Roosa, American astronaut (b. 1933) *1996 - Vance_Packard, American author (b. 1914) *1999 - Joseph_Heller, American author (b. 1923) *2001 - Jean_Richard, French actor (b. 1921) *2002 - Dee Brown, American author (b. 1908) * 2002 - Jay_Wesley_Neill, American convicted murderer (b. 1965) *2003 - Geidar_Aliev, President_of_Azerbaijan * 2003 - Joseph_Anthony_Ferrario, American Catholic prelate (b. 1926) ==Holidays and observances== * R.C. Saints - optional memorial of Our_Lady_of_Guadalupe * Also see December_12_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics) *Bahá'í_Faith - Feast of Masá'il (Questions) - First day of the 15th month of the Bahá'í Calendar * Kenya - ''Jamhuri Day'': Independence_Day (from Britain, 1963) == External links == * BBC: On This Day ---- December_11 - December_13 - November_12 - January_12 -- listing of all days {{months}} Af:12_Desember An:12_d'abiento Ar:12_ديسمبر Ast:12_d'avientu Be:12_сьнежня Bg:12_декември Br:12_Kerzu Bs:12._decembar Ca:12_de_desembre Ceb:Disyembre_12 Co:12_di_decembre Cs:12._prosinec Csb:12_gòdnika Cv:Раштав,_12 Cy:12_Rhagfyr Da:12._december De:12._Dezember El:12_Δεκεμβρίου Eo:12-a_de_decembro Es:12_de_diciembre Et:12._detsember Eu:Abenduaren_12 Fi:12._joulukuuta Fo:12._desember Fr:12_décembre Fur:12_di_Dicembar Fy:12_desimber Ga:12_Nollaig Gl:12_de_decembro He:12_בדצמבר Hr:12._prosinca Hu:December_12 Ia:12_de_decembre Id:12_Desember Io:12_di_decembro Is:12._desember It:12_dicembre Ja:12月12日にち Jv:12_Desember Ka:12_დეკემბერი Ko:12월_12일 Ku:12'ê_berfanbarê La:12_Decembris Lb:12._Dezember Lt:Gruodžio_12 Mk:12_декември Ms:12_Disember Nap:12_'e_dicembre Nl:12_december Nn:12._desember No:12._desember Oc:12_de_decembre Pam:Disiembri_12 Pl:12_grudnia Pt:12_de_Dezembro Ro:12_decembrie Ru:12_декабря Scn:12_di_dicèmmiru Sco:12_December Se:Juovlamánu_12. Simple:December_12 Sk:12._december Sl:12._december Sq:12_Dhjetor Sr:12._децембар Sv:12_december Te:డిసెంబర్_12 Th:12_ธันวาคม Tl:Disyembre_12 Tr:12_Aralık Tt:12._Dekäber Uk:12_грудня Vi:12_tháng_12 Wa:12_di_decimbe War:Disyembre_12 Zh:12月12日にち Category:December