拜はい占うらない庭にわ历

拜はい占うらない庭にわ历是ぜ一いち套拜はい占うらない庭にわ（东罗马）帝国ていこく与あずか东正教会きょうかい历史上しじょう使用しよう过的历法，历史上じょう被ひ称しょう作さく“自じ创世以来いらい的てき罗马年ねん（古希こき臘語：Ἔτたうηいーた Γενέσεως Κόσμου κかっぱαあるふぁτたうὰ Ῥωμαίους）”或ある“创世年ねん（古希こき腊语：Ἔτος Κτίσεως Κόσμου）”或ある“世界せかい年ねん（古希こき腊语：Ἔτος Κόσμου）”。东正教きょう的てき普ひろし世よ牧まき首くび辖区于约公こう元もと691年ねん至いたり1728年ねん，拜はい占うらない庭にわ帝国ていこく官かん方かた于988年ねん-1453年ねん，罗斯诸国于约988年ねん-约1700年ねん使用しよう这套历法，其他受拜占うらない庭にわ影かげ响较大だい的てき国家こっか，如塞ふさが尔维亚、保加ほか利とぎ亚历史上しじょう也曾使用しよう这种历法。

这套历法与あずか儒略历基本きほん相しょう同どう，主要しゅよう区く别有两点，一いち是ぜ以每年まいとし9月がつ1日にち为新年ねん第だい一天いってん，纪年法ほう则采用よう世界せかい纪元，即そく以上帝じょうてい创世的てき第だい一天为纪年之始。拜はい占うらない庭にわ宗教しゅうきょう界かい以《旧きゅう约圣经》七なな十じゅう士し译本中なか的てき记载为基础推算すいさん的てき上帝じょうてい创世之これ年ねん相当そうとう于公おおやけ元もと前ぜん5509年ねん，拜はい占うらない庭にわ历的第だい一いち年ねん为前5509年ねん9月がつ1日にち-前ぜん5508年ねん8月がつ31日にち。

外部がいぶ鏈接

• Main feasts and commemorations. Orthodox Church of America. [2018-10-09]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2018-10-09）. 
• Byzantine ways of reckoning time
• Calendar Era: Late Antiquity and Middle Ages: Christian era （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆） at SMSO Encyclopedia (Saudi Medical Site Online).
• Howlett, J. Biblical Chronology （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆）. In, The Catholic Encyclopedia (New Advent). New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908.
• Chronology of the Biblical Patriarchs.
• Church Calendar at Orthodoxwiki.

Hebrew calendar

• The Era of the Creation at Jewish Encyclopedia.
• The Jewish Calendar （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆） by Karl Hagen (medievalist).

更さら多た閱讀

一いち手て來らい源げん

• Doukas. Decline and Fall of Byzantium To The Ottoman Turks. An Annotated Translation by Harry J. Magoulias. Wayne State University Press, 1975.
• George Syncellus. The Chronography of George Synkellos: a Byzantine Chronicle of Universal History from the Creation. Transl. Prof. Dr. William Adler & Paul Tuffin. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
• 阿おもね伯はく拉ひしげ罕·伊い本ほん·埃ほこり茲拉, Abraham ben Meïr, (1092–1167). Ibn Ezra's Commentary on the Pentateuch: Genesis (Bereshit). (Vol.1 – Genesis). Transl. and annotated by H. Norman Strickman & Arthur M. Silver. Menorah Pub. Co., New York, N.Y., 1988.
• 塞ふさが克かつ斯图斯·尤ゆう利り乌斯·阿おもね非ひ利加りか努つとむ斯. Extant Writings III. The Extant Fragments of the Five Books of the Chronography of Julius Africanus.
• 尼あま基もと塔とう斯·霍尼亚提斯. O City of Byzantium, Annals of Niketas Choniates. Transl. by Harry J. Magoulias. Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 1984.
• 老ろう普ひろし林はやし尼に. 博物はくぶつ志こころざし (老ろう普ひろし林はやし尼に), XVIII, 210.
• St. 該撒利とぎ亞あ的てき巴ともえ西にし流りゅう. Hexæmeron （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆）. Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church, 2nd Series (NPNF2). Transl. Philip Schaff, D.D., LL.D. (1819–1893): Volume VIII – Basil: Letters and Select Works. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., Grand Rapids, Michigan.
• St. 普ひろし瓦かわら捷とし的てき依よ拉ひしげ略りゃく. On the Trinity. Book IV.
• The Rudder (Pedalion): Comp. Hieromonk Agapius and monk Nicodemus the Hagiorite. First printed and published 1800. Trans. D. Cummings, [from the 5th edition published by John Nicolaides (Kesisoglou the Caesarian) in Athens, Greece in 1908], Chicago: The Orthodox Christian Educational Society, 1957. Repr., New York, N.Y.: Luna Printing Co., 1983.

• 宣せん信者しんじゃ狄奧法ほう內斯. The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor: Byzantine and Near Eastern History, AD 284–813. Cyril Mango, Roger Scott, Geoffrey Greatrex (Eds.). Oxford University Press, 1997.
• 安条あんじょう克かつ的てき狄奥菲鲁斯. Theophilus of Antioch to Autolycus. Book III. Chap XXIV (Chronology from Adam) – Chap. XXVIII (Leading Chronological Epochs).

二に手て來らい源げん

21世紀せいき

• Anthony Bryer. "Chronology and Dating". In: Elizabeth Jeffreys, John Haldon, Robin Cormack . The Oxford Handbook of Byzantine Studies. Oxford University Press, 2008. pp. 31–37.
• Dr. Iaakov Karcz. "Implications of some early Jewish sources for estimates of earthquake hazard in the Holy Land （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆）". Annals of Geophysics, Vol. 47, N. 2/3, April/June 2004.
• Fr. Patrick Henry Reardon. Creation and the Patriarchal Histories: Orthodox Christian Reflections on the Book of Genesis. Conciliar Press, 2008.
• Fr. Seraphim Rose. GENESIS, CREATION and EARLY MAN: The Orthodox Christian Vision. St. Herman of Alaska Brotherhood, Platina, California, 2000.
• Frederick Deland Leete. Christian Brotherhoods. Kessinger Publishing, 2003.
• Paul James-Griffiths. Creation days and Orthodox Jewish Tradition （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆）. AnswersinGenesis.org. March 2004.
• Paul Stephenson. "Translations from Byzantine Sources: The Imperial Centuries, c.700–1204: John Skylitzes, "Synopsis Historion": The Year 6508, in the 13th Indiction: the Byzantine dating system". November 2006.
• Pavel Kuzenkov. How old is the World? The Byzantine era κかっぱαあるふぁτたうαあるふぁ Ρωμαίους and its rivals. 21st International Congress of Byzantine Studies, London 2006.
• Prof. Charles Ellis (University of Bristol). "Russian Calendar (988–1917) （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆）". The Literary Encyclopedia. 25 September 2008.
• Prof. Dr. Marcus Louis Rautman. "Time." In Daily Life in the Byzantine Empire. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006. pp. 3–8.
• Prof. Dr. Muhammad Shamsaddin Megalommatis. "Gueze – ‘Ethiopian’: the Counterfeit Millennium". September 8, 2007.
• Prof. Dr. Roger T. Beckwith (D.D., D.Litt.). Calendar, Chronology, and Worship: Studies in Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆）. Brill Academic Publishers, 2005. (Dr Beckwith served for twenty years on the Anglican-Orthodox Commission).
• The 正教せいきょう研けん習本聖せい經けい. St. Athanasius Academy of Orthodox Theology. Elk Grove, California, 2008.

20世紀せいき

• Barry Setterfield. Ancient Chronology in Scripture （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆）. September 1999.
• Chisholm, Hugh (编). Chronology. Encyclopædia Britannica 6 (第だい11版はん). London: Cambridge University Press: 305–318. 1911. 
• Dr. Ben Zion Wacholder. "Biblical Chronology in the Hellenistic World Chronicles". in The Harvard Theological Review, Vol.61, No.3 (Jul., 1968), pp. 451–481.
• Dr. Ben Zion Wacholder. Essays on Jewish Chronology and Chronography. Ktav Pub. House, 1976.
• Dr. Floyd Nolan Jones. Chronology of the Old Testament. Master Books, Arizona, 1993. Repr. 2005. (supports Ussher's chronology, i.e. 4004 BC).
• E.G. Richards. Mapping Time: The Calendar and its History. Oxford University Press, 1998.
• Elias J. Bickerman. Chronology of the Ancient World. 2nd edition. Cornell University Press. 1980.
• Fr. Stanley S. Harakas. The Orthodox Church: 455 Questions and Answers. Light & Life Publishing, Minneapolis, 1988.
• George Ogg. "Hippolytus and the Introduction of the Christian Era". in Vigiliae Christianae, Vol.16, No.1 (Mar., 1962), pp. 2–18.
• Howlett, J. "Biblical Chronology （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆）". In The Catholic Encyclopedia (New Advent). New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908.
• Jack Finegan. Handbook of Biblical Chronology: Principles of Time Reckoning in the Ancient World and Problems of Chronology in the Bible. Hendrickson Publishers, 1998.
• Prof. Dr. William Adler. Time Immemorial: Archaic History and its Sources in Christian Chronography from Julius Africanus to George Syncellus. Washington, D.C. : Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1989.
• K.A. Worp. Chronological Observations on Later Byzantine Documents. 1985. University of Amsterdam.
• Foss, Clive. "Three Apparent Early Examples of the Era of Creation". Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, Bd. 31 (1978), pp. 241–246.
• Roger S. Bagnall, K. A. Worp. The Chronological Systems of Byzantine Egypt. Zutphen, 1978.
• V. Grumel. La Chronologie. Presses Universitaires France, Paris. 1958.
• Rev. Philip Schaff (1819–1893), Ed. "Era." Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge New Edition, 13 Vols., 1908–14. Vol. 4, pp. 163 （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆）.
• Van der Essen, L. "Chronicon Paschale （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆）". In The Catholic Encyclopedia (New Advent). New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908.
• Yiannis E. Meimaris. Chronological Systems in Roman-Byzantine Palestine and Arabia. Athens, 1992.

19世紀せいき以及更さら早はや

• John McClintock, James Strong. Cyclopedia of Biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical literature: Supplement （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆）. V.2. Harper, 1887.
• Prof. Fr. Arsenius John Baptist Vuibert (Society of Saint-Sulpice). An Ancient History: From the Creation to the Fall of the Western Empire in A.D. 476 （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆）. Baltimore: Foley, 1886.
• Samuel Abraham Poznański. "Ben Meir and the Origin of the Jewish Calendar". in The Jewish Quarterly Review, Vol. 10, No. 1 (Oct., 1897), pp. 152–161.
• Sir 托たく马斯·布ぬの朗ろう. Pseudodoxia Epidemica: Book VI. Ch. 1 – Of sundry common opinions Cosmographical and Historical. 1646; 6th ed., 1672. pp. 321–330.
• The Popular Encyclopedia: being a general dictionary of arts, sciences, literature, biography, history, and political economy （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆）. (Vol. 3, Part 1). Glasgow: Blackie and Son, 1841.
• Thomas Spencer Baynes. "Chronology: Era of the Creation of the World.” The Encyclopædia Britannica: a dictionary of arts, sciences, and general literature. 9th Ed., Vol. 5. A. & C. Black, 1833. pp. 709–754.