熱 平衡
热
两种技 术含义
编辑
孤立 体 的 热平衡
编辑
两个热接触 物体 的 热平衡关系
编辑
两体间的热
热接触
编辑
孤立 系 统内部 状 态的变化
编辑
一个系统如果在足够长的时间里保持
与 热力学 平衡 的 区 别
编辑
热力
参考 文献
编辑
- ^ Münster, A.(1970). Classical Thermodynamics, translated by E.S. Halberstadt, Wiley–Interscience, London, p.49.
- ^ Lieb, E.H., Yngvason, J.(1999). The physics and mathematics of the second law of thermodynamics, Physics Reports, 314: 1–96, p. 55–56.
- ^ Maxwell, J.C.(1867). On the dynamical theory of gases, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, 157: 49–88.
- ^ Gibbs, J.W.(1876/1878). On the equilibrium of heterogeneous substances, Trans. Conn. Acad., 3: 108-248, 343-524, reprinted in The Collected Works of J. Willard Gibbs, Ph.D, LL. D., edited by W.R. Longley, R.G. Van Name, Longmans, Green & Co., New York, 1928, volume 1, pages 55-353, particularly pages 144-150.
- ^ Boltzmann, L.(1896/1964). Lectures on Gas Theory, translated by S.G. Brush, University of California Press, Berkeley, p. 143.
- ^ Chapman, S., Cowling, T.G.(1939/1970). The Mathematical Theory of Non-uniform gases. An Account of the Kinetic Theory of Viscosity, Thermal Conduction and Diffusion in Gases, third edition 1970, Cambridge University Press, London, Section 4.14, pp. 75–78.
- ^ Coombes, C.A., Laue, H.(1985). A paradox concerning the temperature distribution of a gas in a gravitational field, Am. J. Phys., 53: 272–273.
- ^ ter Haar, D., Wergeland, H.(1966). Elements of Thermodynamics, Addison-Wesley Publishing, Reading MA, pp. 127–130.
- ^ Bailyn, M.(1994). A Survey of Thermodynamics, American Institute of Physics Press, New York, ISBN 0-88318-797-3, pages 254-256.
- ^ Román, F.L., White, J.A., Velasco, S.(1995). Microcanonical single-particle distributions for an ideal gas in a gravitational field, Eur. J. Phys., 16: 83–90.
- ^ Velasco, S., Román, F.L., White, J.A.(1996). On a paradox concerning the temperature distribution of an ideal gas in a gravitational field, Eur. J. Phys., 17: 43–44.