美
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Xiao_hong_hua.jpg/220px-Xiao_hong_hua.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Nymph_with_morning_glory_flowers.jpg/150px-Nymph_with_morning_glory_flowers.jpg)
一般認為美是和感官可以感知到的「
美的 歷史 和 歷史 的 定義
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美人
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藝術
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建築 美
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西洋 哲學
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古希 臘
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中 世紀
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文藝 復興
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啟蒙 時代
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浪漫 主 义
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二 十 世紀 及之後
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Elaine Scarry
中國 哲學 中 的 美學
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選 美 活動
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参考 文献
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- ^ Beauty and Ugliness. www.encyclopedia.com. [2021-02-09]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2021-12-24). - ^ Kriegel, Uriah. The Value of Consciousness. Analysis. 2019, 79 (3): 503–520 [2021-06-09]. doi:10.1093/analys/anz045. (
原始 内容 存 档于2022-01-11). - ^ Beauty in Aesthetics. www.encyclopedia.com. [2021-02-09]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2022-01-13). - ^ Gary Martin. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. The Phrase Finder. 2007 [2007-12-04]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2007-11-30). - ^ Aesthetics. Encyclopedia Britannica. [2021-02-09]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2022-02-28) (英 语). - ^ 6.0 6.1 Sartwell, Crispin. Beauty. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 2017 [2021-06-09]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2022-02-26). - ^ 7.0 7.1 De Clercq, Rafael. Aesthetic Pleasure Explained. Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism. 2019, 77 (2): 121–132 [2021-06-09]. doi:10.1111/jaac.12636 . (
原始 内容 存 档于2021-12-24). - ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Zangwill, Nick. Beauty. Oxford Handbook to Aesthetics. Oxford University Press. 2003 [2021-06-09]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2022-01-11). - ^ Gorodeisky, Keren. On Liking Aesthetic Value. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. 2019, 102 (2): 261–280 [2021-06-09]. ISSN 1933-1592. doi:10.1111/phpr.12641. (
原始 内容 存 档于2021-10-08) (英 语). - ^ De Clercq, Rafael. Beauty. The Routledge Companion to Aesthetics. Routledge. 2013 [2021-06-09]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2022-01-13). - ^ 龙凤
仕 女 图.大 紀元 文化 網 . (原始 内容 存 档于2013-03-19). - ^ 帛画《
人物 御 龙图》.中國 藝術 網 . [2013-04-13]. (原始 内容 存 档于2009-04-15). - ^ Exploring world history 1B, p.116, ISBN 962-608-608-4
- ^ Konstan, David. Beauty - The Fortunes of an Ancient Greek Idea. New York: Oxford University Press. 2014: 30–35. ISBN 978-0-19-992726-5.
- ^ Matthew 23:27, Acts 3:10, Flavius Josephus, 12.65
- ^ 16.0 16.1 Euripides, Alcestis 515.
- ^ G Parsons. Aesthetics and Nature. A&C Black. 2008: 7 [2015-05-11]. ISBN 978-0826496768. (
原始 内容 存 档于2021-12-24). - ^ J. Harrell; C. Barrett; D. Petsch (编). History of Aesthetics. A&C Black. 2006: 102 [2015-05-11]. ISBN 0826488552. (
原始 内容 存 档于2021-12-24). - ^ P.T. Struck - The Trojan War (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆) Classics Department of University of Penn [Retrieved 2015-05-12]( < 1250> ) - ^ R Highfield - Scientists calculate the exact date of the Trojan horse using eclipse in Homer (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆) Telegraph Media Group Limited 24 Jun 2008 [Retrieved 2015-05-12] - ^ Eco, Umberto (1988). The Aesthetics of Thomas Aquinas. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard Univ. Press. p. 98. ISBN 0674006755.
- ^ McNamara, Denis Robert (2009). Catholic Church Architecture and the Spirit of the Liturgy. Hillenbrand Books. pp. 24–28. ISBN 1595250271.
- ^ Stegers, Rudolf (2008). Sacred Buildings: A Design Manual. Berlin: De Gruyter. p. 60. ISBN 3764382767.
- ^ Duiker, William J., and Spielvogel, Jackson J. (2019). World History. United States: Cengage Learning. p. 351. ISBN 1337401048
- ^ NPNF1-02. St. Augustine's City of God and Christian Doctrine - Christian Classics Ethereal Library. www.ccel.org. [2018-05-01]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2017-07-01). - ^ L Cheney. Giorgio Vasari's Teachers: Sacred & Profane Art. Peter Lang. 2007: 118 [2015-05-11]. ISBN 978-0820488134. (
原始 内容 存 档于2021-12-24). - ^ Francis Hutcheson. An Inquiry Into the Original of Our Ideas of Beauty and Virtue: In Two Treatises. J. Darby. 1726 [2021-06-12]. ISBN 9780598982698. (
原始 内容 存 档于2021-12-24). - ^ Kennick, William Elmer (1979). Art and Philosophy: Readings in Aesthetics; 2nd ed. New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 421. ISBN 0312053916.
- ^ Kennick, William Elmer (1979). Art and Philosophy: Readings in Aesthetics; 2nd ed. New York: St. Martin's Press. pp. 482–483. ISBN 0312053916.
- ^ 30.0 30.1 Kennick, William Elmer (1979). Art and Philosophy: Readings in Aesthetics; 2nd ed. New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 517. ISBN 0312053916.
- ^ Doran, Robert (2017). The Theory of the Sublime from Longinus to Kant. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 144. ISBN 1107499151.
- ^ Monk, Samuel Holt (1960). The Sublime: A Study of Critical Theories in XVIII-century England. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. pp. 6–9, 141. OCLC 943884.
- ^ Hal Foster. The Anti-aesthetic: Essays on Postmodern Culture. New Press. 1998. ISBN 978-1-56584-462-9.
- ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche. The Will To Power. Random House. 1967 [2021-06-13]. ISBN 978-0-394-70437-1. (
原始 内容 存 档于2021-12-24). - ^ A New Theory of Beauty. Princeton Essays on the Arts, 1. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1975.
- ^ Love and Beauty. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1989.
- ^ Kennick, William Elmer (1979). Art and Philosophy: Readings in Aesthetics; 2nd ed. New York: St. Martin's Press. pp. 535–537. ISBN 0312053916.
- ^ Elaine Scarry. On Beauty and Being Just. Princeton University Press. 2001-11-04. ISBN 0-691-08959-0.
- ^ Reber, Rolf; Schwarz, Norbert; Winkielman, Piotr. Processing fluency and aesthetic pleasure: is beauty in the perceiver's processing experience?. Personality and Social Psychology Review. 2004, 8 (4): 364–382. ISSN 1088-8683. PMID 15582859. S2CID 1868463. doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0804_3. hdl:1956/594 .
- ^ Armstrong, Thomas; Detweiler-Bedell, Brian. Beauty as an emotion: The exhilarating prospect of mastering a challenging world.. Review of General Psychology. December 2008, 12 (4): 305–329. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.406.1825 . ISSN 1939-1552. S2CID 8375375. doi:10.1037/a0012558 (
英 语). - ^ Vartanian, Oshin; Navarrete, Gorka; Chatterjee, Anjan; Fich, Lars Brorson; Leder, Helmut; Modroño, Cristián; Nadal, Marcos; Rostrup, Nicolai; Skov, Martin. Impact of contour on aesthetic judgments and approach-avoidance decisions in architecture. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2013-06-18, 110 (Supplement 2): 10446–10453. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 3690611 . PMID 23754408. doi:10.1073/pnas.1301227110 (
英 语). - ^ Marin, Manuela M.; Lampatz, Allegra; Wandl, Michaela; Leder, Helmut. Berlyne Revisited: Evidence for the Multifaceted Nature of Hedonic Tone in the Appreciation of Paintings and Music. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 2016-11-04, 10: 536. ISSN 1662-5161. PMC 5095118 . PMID 27867350. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2016.00536.
- ^ Brielmann, Aenne A.; Pelli, Denis G. Beauty Requires Thought. Current Biology. 2017-05-22, 27 (10): 1506–1513.e3. ISSN 0960-9822. PMC 6778408 . PMID 28502660. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.04.018 (
英 语). - ^ Kawabata, Hideaki; Zeki, Semir. Neural correlates of beauty. Journal of Neurophysiology. April 2004, 91 (4): 1699–1705. ISSN 0022-3077. PMID 15010496. doi:10.1152/jn.00696.2003.
- ^ Ishizu, Tomohiro; Zeki, Semir. Toward A Brain-Based Theory of Beauty. PLOS ONE. 2011-07-06, 6 (7): e21852. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...621852I. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3130765 . PMID 21755004. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0021852.
- ^ Conway, Bevil R.; Rehding, Alexander. Neuroaesthetics and the Trouble with Beauty. PLOS Biology. 2013-03-19, 11 (3): e1001504. ISSN 1545-7885. PMC 3601993 . PMID 23526878. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001504.
- ^ Eco, Umberto. On Beauty: A historyof a western idea. London: Secker & Warburg. 2004. ISBN 978-0436205170.
- ^ Eco, Umberto. On Ugliness. London: Harvill Secker. 2007. ISBN 9781846551222.
- ^ Eco, Umberto. The Name of the Rose. London: Vintage. 1980: 65. ISBN 9780099466031.
- ^ Fasolini, Diego (2006). "The Intrusion of Laughter into the Abbey of Umberto Eco's The Name of the Rose: The Christian Paradox of Joy Mingling with Sorrow". Romance Notes 46 (2): 119–129.
- ^ The Chinese Text: Studies in Comparative Literature (1986). Cocos (Keeling) Islands: Chinese University Press. p. 119. ISBN 962201318X.
- ^ 《
論語 》里仁 第 四 - ^ 53.0 53.1 Chang, Chi-yun (2013). Confucianism: A Modern Interpretation (2012 Edition). Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Company. p. 213. ISBN 9814439894
- ^ 《
禮 記 》大學 - ^
莊 子 .齊 物論 .中國 哲學 書 電子 化 計 劃. 互聯網 . [2021-06-09]. (原始 内容 存 档于2020-10-18) (中 文 (繁 體 )).毛 嬙、麗 姬 ,人 之 所 美也 ,魚見 之 深入
研究 書目
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笠原 仲 二 著 ,楊若薇 譯 :《古代 中國人 的 美意識 》(北京 :三 聯 書店 ,1988)。