虫 洞
1995
宇宙 間 的 旅行
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1991
度 規
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“
1935
數學 上 將 這個解 的 四維時空想成兩個全等部分,或 是 兩 片 紙片 ,根據 或 決定 這個點在 哪片時空 部分 上 。這兩個 時空 部分 被 (即 )這個超 曲面 連接 。我 們稱這樣的 連接 是 個 「橋 」——愛 因 斯坦、羅 森 :「廣義 相對 論 中 的 粒子 問題 」
在 這個解 中 ,對 於兩張紙 空間 中 的 所有 有限 點 ,解 都 沒 有 奇 點 ——愛 因 斯坦,羅 森 :「廣義 相對 論 中 的 粒子 問題 」
可視 化
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可 穿 越 蟲 洞
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卡西
流行 文化
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- 2014
年 科 幻 電 影 《星 際 啟示 錄 》
參考 資料
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引用
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- ^ Flight through a Wormhole. 2008-03-13 [2008-09-04]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2008-04-14) (英 语). - ^ Choi, Charles Q. Spooky physics phenomenon may link universe's wormholes. NBC News. 2013-12-03 [2019-07-30]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2023-05-31) (英 语). - ^ Focus: Wormhole Construction: Proceed with Caution. Physical Review Focus. Vol. 2 (American Physical Society). 1998-08-03: 7 [2022-12-14]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2018-06-02) (美国 英 语). - ^ Cramer, John; Forward, Robert; Morris, Michael; Visser, Matt; Benford, Gregory; Landis, Geoffrey. Natural wormholes as gravitational lenses. Physical Review D. 1995, 51 (6): 3117–3120. Bibcode:1995PhRvD..51.3117C. PMID 10018782. S2CID 42837620. arXiv:astro-ph/9409051 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.51.3117.
- ^ Searching for a 'Subway to the Stars' (
新 闻稿). (原始 内容 存 档于2012-04-15). - ^ Deutsch, David. Quantum Mechanics Near Closed Timelike Lines. Physical Review D. 1991, 44 (10): 3197–3217. Bibcode:1991PhRvD..44.3197D. PMID 10013776. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.44.3197.
- ^ Brun; et al. Localized Closed Timelike Curves Can Perfectly Distinguish Quantum States. Physical Review Letters. 2009, 102 (21): 210402. Bibcode:2009PhRvL.102u0402B. PMID 19519086. S2CID 35370109. arXiv:0811.1209 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.210402.
- ^ Pati; Chakrabarty; Agrawal. Purification of mixed states with closed timelike curve is not possible. Physical Review A. 2011, 84 (6): 062325. Bibcode:2011PhRvA..84f2325P. S2CID 119292717. arXiv:1003.4221 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.84.062325.
- ^ Rodrigo, Enrico. The Physics of Stargates. Eridanus Press. 2010: 281. ISBN 978-0-9841500-0-7.
- ^ Polchinski, Joseph. Weinberg's Nonlinear quantum Mechanics and the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen Paradox. Physical Review Letters. 1991, 66 (4): 397–400. Bibcode:1991PhRvL..66..397P. PMID 10043797. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.66.397.
- ^ Enrico Rodrigo, The Physics of Stargates: Parallel Universes, Time Travel, and the Enigma of Wormhole Physics, Eridanus Press, 2010, p. 281.
- ^ Samuel Walker, "Inter-universal travel: I wouldn't start from here (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆), New Scientist (1 February 2017). - ^ Raine, Derek; Thomas, Edwin. Black Holes: An Introduction 2nd. Imperial College Press. 2009: 143. ISBN 978-1-84816-383-6. doi:10.1142/p637.
- ^ Einstein, A.; Rosen, N. The Particle Problem in the General Theory of Relativity. Physical Review. 1 July 1935, 48 (1): 73–77. Bibcode:1935PhRv...48...73E. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.48.73 .
- ^ Leonard Susskind | "ER = EPR" or "What's Behind the Horizons of Black Holes?". (
原始 内容 存 档于2021-12-11) –通 过www.youtube.com. - ^ Magnetic 'wormhole' connecting two regions of space created for the first time. ScienceDaily. [2022-12-14]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2023-07-16). - ^ Magnetic wormhole created for first time. UAB Barcelona. [2022-12-14]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2023-06-11). - ^ Everett, Allen; Roman, Thomas. Time Travel and Warp Drives . University of Chicago Press. 2012: 167. ISBN 978-0-226-22498-5.
- ^ Space and Time Warps. Hawking.org.uk. [2010-11-11]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2012-02-10). - ^ Sopova; Ford. The Energy Density in the Casimir Effect. Physical Review D. 2002, 66 (4): 045026. Bibcode:2002PhRvD..66d5026S. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.251.7471 . S2CID 10649139. arXiv:quant-ph/0204125 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.66.045026.
- ^ Ford; Roman. Averaged Energy Conditions and Quantum Inequalities. Physical Review D. 1995, 51 (8): 4277–4286. Bibcode:1995PhRvD..51.4277F. PMID 10018903. S2CID 7413835. arXiv:gr-qc/9410043 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.51.4277.
- ^ Olum. Superluminal travel requires negative energies. Physical Review Letters. 1998, 81 (17): 3567–3570. Bibcode:1998PhRvL..81.3567O. S2CID 14513456. arXiv:gr-qc/9805003 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.3567.
- ^ Newfound Wormhole Allows Information to Escape Black Holes. Quanta Magazine. 23 October 2017 [2022-12-10]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2023-08-25). - ^ Traversable wormhole, a key to quantum teleportation – Resonance Science Foundation. 1 November 2017 [2022-12-10]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2018-12-03). - ^ Kirillov, A. A.; P. Savelova, E. Dark Matter from a gas of wormholes. Physics Letters B. 2008, 660 (3): 93–99. Bibcode:2008PhLB..660...93K. S2CID 12150385. arXiv:0707.1081 . doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2007.12.034.
- ^ Rodrigo, Enrico. Denouement of a Wormhole-Brane Encounter. International Journal of Modern Physics D. 2009, 18 (12): 1809–1819. Bibcode:2009IJMPD..18.1809R. S2CID 119239038. arXiv:0908.2651 . doi:10.1142/S0218271809015333.
- ^ John G. Cramer; Robert L. Forward; Michael S. Morris; Matt Visser; Gregory Benford & Geoffrey A. Landis. Natural Wormholes as Gravitational Lenses. Physical Review D. 1995, 51 (6): 3117–3120 [2022-12-14]. Bibcode:1995PhRvD..51.3117C. PMID 10018782. S2CID 42837620. arXiv:astro-ph/9409051 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.51.3117. (
原始 内容 存 档于2020-11-01). - ^ H. G. Ellis. Ether flow through a drainhole: A particle model in general relativity. Journal of Mathematical Physics. 1973, 14 (1): 104–118. Bibcode:1973JMP....14..104E. doi:10.1063/1.1666161.
- ^ K. A. Bronnikov. Scalar-tensor theory and scalar charge. Acta Physica Polonica. 1973, B4: 251–266.
- DeBenedictis, Andrew and Das, A. On a General Class of Wormhole Geometries. arXiv eprint server. [2005-08-12]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2017-01-12). - Dzhunushaliev, Vladimir. Strings in the Einstein's paradigm of matter. arXiv eprint server. [2005-08-12]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2017-01-12). - Einstein, Albert and Rosen, Nathan. The Particle Problem in the General Theory of Relativity. Physical Review 48, 73 (1935).
- Fuller, Robert W. and Wheeler, John A.. Causality and Multiply-Connected Space-Time. Physical Review 128, 919 (1962).
- Garattini, Remo. How Spacetime Foam modifies the brick wall. arXiv eprint server. [2005-08-12]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2017-01-12). - González-Díaz, Pedro F. Quantum time machine. arXiv eprint server. [2005-08-12]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2017-01-12). - González-Díaz, Pedro F. Ringholes and closed timelike curves. arXiv eprint server. [2005-08-12]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2017-01-12). - Khatsymosky, Vladimir M. Towards possibility of self-maintained vacuum traversable wormhole. arXiv eprint server. [2005-08-12]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2017-01-12). - Krasnikov, Serguei. Counter example to a quantum inequality. arXiv eprint server. [2005-08-12]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2017-01-12). - Krasnikov, Serguei. The quantum inequalities do not forbid spacetime shortcuts. arXiv eprint server. [2005-08-12]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2016-01-26). - Li, Li-Xin. Two Open Universes Connected by a Wormhole: Exact Solutions. arXiv eprint server. [2005-08-12]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2017-01-12). - Morris, Michael S., Thorne, Kip S., and Yurtsever, Ulvi. Wormholes, Time Machines, and the Weak Energy Condition. Physical Review Letters 61, 1446–1449 (1988).
- Morris, Michael S. and Thorne, Kip S.. Wormholes in spacetime and their use for interstellar travel: A tool for teaching general relativity Archive.is
的 存 檔,存 档日期 2012-12-09. American Journal of Physics 56, 395-412 (1988). - Nandi, Kamal K. and Zhang, Yuan-Zhong. A Quantum Constraint for the Physical Viability of Classical Traversable Lorentzian Wormholes. arXiv eprint server. [2005-08-12]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2017-07-02). - Ori, Amos. A new time-machine model with compact vacuum core. arXiv eprint server. [2005-08-12]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2014-09-13). - Roman, Thomas, A. Some Thoughts on Energy Conditions and Wormholes. arXiv eprint server. [2005-08-12]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2017-01-12). - Teo, Edward. Rotating traversable wormholes. arXiv eprint server. [2005-08-12]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2017-01-12). - Visser, Matt. The quantum physics of chronology protection by Matt Visser.. arXiv eprint server. [2005-08-12]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2013-09-21). An excellent and more concise review. - Visser, Matt. Traversable wormholes: Some simple examples. Physical Review D 39, 3182–3184 (1989).
外部 連結
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香港 太 空 館 :甚麼 是 “蟲 洞 ”?香港 太 空 馆:黑 洞 :從 幻 想到 現實 - Creating a Traversable Wormhole(页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆) by Mohammad Mansouryar - What exactly is a 'wormhole'? answered by Richard F. Holman, William A. Hiscock and Matt Visser.
- Why wormholes? (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆) by Matt Visser. - Wormholes in General Relativity by Soshichi Uchii.
- New Improved Wormholes (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆) by John G. Cramer - White holes and Wormholes provides a very good description of Schwarzschild wormholes with graphics and animations, by Andrew J. S. Hamilton.
- Wormhole on arxiv.org (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆) - The Big Question: Is time travel possible, and is there any chance that it will ever take place?(页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆) - Information about the theory the Large Hadron Collider could create a small wormhole. Possibly making time travel into the past possible. - animation that simulates traversing a wormhole(页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆)