鉑族金屬
8 | 9 | 10 | |
---|---|---|---|
↓ | |||
5 | 44 Ru |
45 Rh |
46 Pd |
6 | 76 Os |
77 Ir |
78 Pt |
鉑族
鉑族
主要 性質 比較
编辑
|
|
单质 |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
釕 | Ru | 0.134 | +3、+4 | 12.45 | 6.5 | 2334 | 4150 | 2.20 | |
銠 | Rh | 0.134 | +3、+4 | 12.41 | 6.0 | 1964 | 3695 | 2.28 | |
鈀 | Pd | 0.137 | +2、+4 | 12.023 | 4.75 | 1554.9 | 2963 | 2.20 | |
鋨 | Os | 0.135 | +4 | 22.59 | 7.0 | 3033 | 5012 | 2.20 | |
銥 | Ir | 0.136 | +3、+4 | 22.56 | 6.5 | 2466 | 4428 | 2.20 | |
鉑 | Pt | 0.139 | +4 | 21.45 | 4–4.5 | 1768.3 | 3825 | 2.28 |
存在
编辑
鉑族
鉑族
用途
编辑
鉑族
参考 文献
编辑
- ^ Renner, H.; Schlamp, G.; Kleinwächter, I.; Drost, E.; Lüschow, H. M.; Tews, P.; Panster, P.; Diehl, M.; et al. Platinum group metals and compounds. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley. 2002. ISBN 3527306730. doi:10.1002/14356007.a21_075.
- ^ Harris, D. C.; Cabri L. J. Nomenclature of platinum-group-element alloys; review and revision. The Canadian Mineralogist. 1991, 29 (2): 231–237.
- ^ Rollinson, Hugh. Using Geochemical Data: Evaluation, Presentation, Interpretation. Longman Scientific and Technical. 1993. ISBN 0-582-06701-4.
- ^ Richard J. Walker (2014), "Siderophile element constraints on the origin of the Moon" (页面
存 档备份,存 于互联网档案 馆), Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, accessed 1 December 2015. - ^ Mineral Profile: Platinum. British Geological Survey. September 2009 [6 February 2018].
- ^ Search Minerals By Chemistry - Platinum. www.mindat.org. [2018-02-08]. (
原始 内容 存 档于2023-05-07). - ^ Xiao, Z.; Laplante, A. R. Characterizing and recovering the platinum group minerals—a review. Minerals Engineering. 2004, 17 (9–10): 961–979. doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2004.04.001.
- ^ Platinum–Group Metals (PDF). U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries. January 2007 [2008-09-09]. (
原始 内容 存 档 (PDF)于2017-07-09). - ^ Bardi, Ugo; Caporali, Stefano. Precious Metals in Automotive Technology: An Unsolvable Depletion Problem?. Minerals. 2014, 4 (2): 388–398. Bibcode:2014Mine....4..388B. doi:10.3390/min4020388 .
- ^ Chevalier, Patrick. Platinum Group Metals (PDF). Natural Resources Canada. [2008-10-17]. (
原始 内容 (PDF)存 档于2011-08-11). - ^ Delaude, Lionel and Noels, Alfred F. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. 2005. ISBN 978-0471238966. doi:10.1002/0471238961.metanoel.a01.
|chapter=
被 忽 略 (帮助) - ^ Fürstner, Alois. Olefin Metathesis and Beyond. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 2000, 39 (17): 3012–3043. PMID 11028025. doi:10.1002/1521-3773(20000901)39:17<3012::AID-ANIE3012>3.0.CO;2-G.
- ^ Cheung, H.; Tanke, R. S.; Torrence, G. P. Acetic acid. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley. 2000. doi:10.1002/14356007.a01_045 (
英 语). - ^ Krebs, Robert E. Platinum. The History and Use of our Earth's Chemical Elements. Greenwood Press. 1998: 124–127. ISBN 0-313-30123-9.
- ^ Aruguete, Deborah M.; Wallace, Adam; Blakney, Terry; Kerr, Rose; Gerber, Galen; Ferko, Jacob. Palladium release from catalytic converter materials induced by road de-icer components chloride and ferrocyanide. Chemosphere. 2020, 245: 125578. Bibcode:2020Chmsp.245l5578A. PMID 31864058. S2CID 209440501. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125578.
- ^ Hunt, L. B.; Lever, F. M. Platinum Metals: A Survey of Productive Resources to industrial Uses (PDF). Platinum Metals Review. 1969, 13 (4): 126–138 [2009-10-02]. (
原始 内容 存 档 (PDF)于2008-10-29). - ^ Ravindra, Khaiwal; Bencs, László; Van Grieken, René. Platinum group elements in the environment and their health risk. Science of the Total Environment. 2004, 318 (1–3): 1–43. Bibcode:2004ScTEn.318....1R. PMID 14654273. doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00372-3. hdl:2299/2030 .