奧おく林りん匹ひき亞あ宙ちゅう斯神廟びょう

奧おく林りん匹ひき亞あ宙ちゅう斯神廟びょう（希まれ臘語：Ναός τたうοおみくろんυうぷしろん Δία σしぐまτたうηいーたνにゅー Ολυμπία）是ぜ一座いちざ位い於希まれ臘奧おく林りん匹ひき亞あ的てき古代こだい希まれ臘神廟びょう，建造けんぞう於公元もと前まえ472年ねん至いたり456年間ねんかん，目的もくてき是ぜ祭祀さいし天神てんじん宙ちゅう斯。426年ねん被ひ毁，现今仅存遗址。它是古典こてん希まれ臘神廟びょう中ちゅう多た立だて克かつ柱はしら式しき的てき典型てんけい。^[1]

構造こうぞう[编辑]

其叫“Altis”的てき圣林（sacred grove）圍かこえ牆，露天ろてん祭壇さいだん和わ珀羅普ひろし斯之これ墓ぼ最早もはや形成けいせい于公元もと前まえ10至いたり9世紀せいき的てき^[2]希まれ臘黑暗くら時代じだい，當時とうじ宙ちゅう斯祭儀さいぎ已やめ經けい和わ赫拉祭儀さいぎ合一ごういつ了りょう。^[3]

神かみ廟びょう的てき建造けんぞう者しゃ是ぜ古希こき臘建築けんちく師し里さと本ほん。^[4]，刻こく有ゆう排はい檔間飾かざり和わ三さん豎線花はな紋もん裝飾そうしょく，頂いただき部ぶ有ゆう三角さんかく楣飾。

神かみ廟びょう的てき主要しゅよう結構けっこう是ぜ用よう石灰岩せっかいがん建造けんぞう的てき，外表そとおもて塗ぬり以灰はい泥どろ。神かみ廟びょう內的雕刻品ひん使用しよう帕羅斯島大理石だいりせき，屋や瓦かわら採用さいよう和わ雅典まさのり衛まもる城じょう的てき帕德嫩神廟びょう同どう的てき彭忒利り科か大理石だいりせき。

宙ちゅう斯神像ぞう[编辑]

宙ちゅう斯神像ぞう坐すわ落於奧おく林りん匹ひき亞あ宙ちゅう斯神廟びょう中ちゅう，這座神像しんぞう是ぜ古希こき臘雕刻家か菲迪亞あ斯的てき作品さくひん，大約たいやく建造けんぞう於公元もと前まえ457年ねん。神像しんぞう有ゆう以黃金製きんせい成なり的てき橄欖かんらん冠かんむり，坐すわ在ざい用よう杉木すぎき製せい成なり的てき宏ひろし偉えら的てき寶たから座ざ上じょう，並なみ飾かざり以黃金おうごん、象牙ぞうげ、烏木からすぎ以及各種かくしゅ珍めずらし貴とうと的てき寶石ほうせき。左ひだり手持てもち神しん杖つえ，右みぎ手持てもち勝利しょうり女神めがみ。

裝飾そうしょく[编辑]

東部とうぶ三角楣飾描述的是珀羅普斯和俄にわか諾だく瑪俄斯的てき二に輪りん戰車せんしゃ競きおい賽さい場景じょうけい，^[5]^[6]宙ちゅう斯站在ざい他た們中間あいだ，周圍しゅうい是ぜ一いち些英雄えいゆう。其中人物じんぶつ共ども15個こ，有ゆう些人物的ぶってき身み份仍然しか未み明確めいかく。

西部せいぶ三角楣飾描述的是佩里圖ず斯婚こん宴えん上じょう半はん人馬じんば與あずか拉ひしげ庇ひさし泰たい人じん的まと戰せん鬥。阿波あわ羅ら^[7] 站立於中央ちゅうおう，周圍しゅうい是ぜ佩里圖ず斯和忒修斯。^[8]拉ひしげ庇ひさし泰たい人的じんてき王おう佩里圖ず斯邀請半人馬じんば赴宴，半はん人馬じんば們喝醉よい之の後こう開始かいし搶劫女子じょし而被前者ぜんしゃ擊げき敗はい。其阿波は羅ら神像しんぞう現存げんそん於奧おく林りん匹ひき亞あ考古こうこ博物館はくぶつかん。^[9]

在ざい門もん廊ろう和わ後ご殿どの等とう一些地方雕刻著赫拉克かつ勒斯十じゅう二に偉業いぎょう。^[10]

結局けっきょく[编辑]

426年ねん，狄奧多た西にし二に世せい下した令れい摧毀這座神しん廟びょう，其遺址し在ざい522年ねん和わ551年ねん的てき地震じしん中ちゅう遭到進しん一いち步ほ破壞はかい。^[11]

1766年ねん，該神廟びょう被ひ重じゅう新しん發現はつげん。1829年ねん一いち群ぐん法ほう國こく考古學こうこがく家か对遺址し進行しんこう了りょう一部いちぶ份挖掘，並なみ將しょう一些飾物帶回了羅ら浮宮。1875年ねん開始かいし系統けいとう的てき發掘はっくつ，組織そしき者しゃ是ぜ德とく國こく考古こうこ研究所けんきゅうじょ。^[12]

參まいり見み[编辑]

參考さんこう資料しりょう[编辑]

^ Temple of Zeus （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆） at Archaeopaedia, Stanford University
^ (Hellenic Ministry of Culture: The sanctuary site at Olympia, including the Temple of Zeus. [2013-01-31]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2010-03-09）.
^ Preceding the Temple of Zeus in the temenos at Olympia were the archaic structures: "the temple of Hera, the Prytaneion, the Bouleuterion, the treasuries and the first stadium." （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆）
^ Pausanias, v. 10.3.
^ Marie-Louise Säflund, The East Pediment of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia: A Reconstruction and Interpretation of Its Composition, Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology, 27 (Götheborg) 1970, summarised fifty-eight previous reconstructions; her reconstruction has been widely but not universally accepted.
^ King Oinomaos would only let his daughter wed if a suitor could beat him in a chariot race. Pelops, the man who fell in love with Hippodameia altered the Kings chariot by replacing the axle linchpins with beeswax and consequently the king died and he married the Kings daughter. Oenomaus' violation of dike was symbolised by the thirteen heads of unsuccessful suitors, hung on columns in his palace.After the successful race, Zeus with a thunderbolt destroyed the palace.One wooden column left standing was shown to Pausanias with this commentary.
^ A.F. Stewart and N.D Tersini, "The gesture of Apollo in the west pediment of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia", American Journal of Archaeology 86 (1982:287f).
^ Pediments of the temple of Zeus, 470 - 456 BC （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆） at www.sikyon.com
^ Bank of Greece （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆）. Drachma Banknotes & Coins: 1000 drachmas （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆）. – Retrieved on 27 March 2009.
^ Hurwit 1987:6.
^ Hellenic Ministry of Culture （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆）.
^ Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Olympia. [2013-01-31]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2021-02-24）.

外部がいぶ連結れんけつ[编辑]

宙ちゅう斯神廟びょう的てき佈局與あずか雕刻（页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆）（英文えいぶん）
海うみ德とく堡大學がく圖書館としょかん資料しりょう

坐すわ标：37°38′16″N 21°37′48″E / 37.63778°N 21.63000°E / 37.63778; 21.63000

[b-1] Temple of Zeus （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆） at Archaeopaedia, Stanford University

[2] (Hellenic Ministry of Culture: The sanctuary site at Olympia, including the Temple of Zeus. [2013-01-31]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2010-03-09）.

[3] Preceding the Temple of Zeus in the temenos at Olympia were the archaic structures: "the temple of Hera, the Prytaneion, the Bouleuterion, the treasuries and the first stadium." （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆）

[4] Pausanias, v. 10.3.

[5] Marie-Louise Säflund, The East Pediment of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia: A Reconstruction and Interpretation of Its Composition, Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology, 27 (Götheborg) 1970, summarised fifty-eight previous reconstructions; her reconstruction has been widely but not universally accepted.

[6] King Oinomaos would only let his daughter wed if a suitor could beat him in a chariot race. Pelops, the man who fell in love with Hippodameia altered the Kings chariot by replacing the axle linchpins with beeswax and consequently the king died and he married the Kings daughter. Oenomaus' violation of dike was symbolised by the thirteen heads of unsuccessful suitors, hung on columns in his palace.After the successful race, Zeus with a thunderbolt destroyed the palace.One wooden column left standing was shown to Pausanias with this commentary.

[7] A.F. Stewart and N.D Tersini, "The gesture of Apollo in the west pediment of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia", American Journal of Archaeology 86 (1982:287f).

[a-8] Pediments of the temple of Zeus, 470 - 456 BC （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆） at www.sikyon.com

[9] Bank of Greece （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆）. Drachma Banknotes & Coins: 1000 drachmas （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆）. – Retrieved on 27 March 2009.

[10] Hurwit 1987:6.

[11] Hellenic Ministry of Culture （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆）.

[12] Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Olympia. [2013-01-31]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2021-02-24）.

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