巫術ふじゅつ

巫術ふじゅつ、巫みこ术（英語えいご：witchcraft）是ぜ一種基於聯想的原始神秘儀式。^[1]^[2]

概要がいよう[编辑]

巫術ふじゅつ是迄これまで今こん為ため止とめ人類じんるい所しょ知的ちてき最早もはや的てき神秘しんぴ儀式ぎしき。原始時代げんしじだい的てき人類じんるい在ざい宗教しゅうきょう儀式ぎしき誕生たんじょう前まえ所しょ使用しよう的てき便びん是ぜ巫術ふじゅつ。最さい古老ころう的てき巫術ふじゅつ又また被ひ稱しょう作さく交感こうかん巫術ふじゅつ，本質ほんしつ上じょう巫術ふじゅつ來らい源げん於聯想れんそう，有ゆう著ちょ相似そうじ律りつ和わ接觸せっしょく律りつ兩りょう大だい基本きほん原則げんそく，而這也是後續こうぞく的てき宗教しゅうきょう儀式ぎしき及各類るい神秘しんぴ誕生たんじょう的てき基礎きそ。

巫術ふじゅつ的てき歷史れきし[编辑]

巫術ふじゅつ的てき起源きげん[编辑]

最さい晚ばん在ざい八はち萬まん年ねん前まえ左右さゆう的てき尼あま安德あんとく塔とう人じん已やめ經けい開始かいし安やす葬そう死者ししゃ，並なみ擁よう有ゆう靈魂れいこん的てき意識いしき及信仰しんこう前まえ，人類じんるい已やめ有ゆう巫術ふじゅつ儀式ぎしき

法ほう國こく社會しゃかい學がく學者がくしゃ涂爾幹みき（1858-1917）認みとめ為ため巫術ふじゅつ源げん於人類るい開始かいし有ゆう宗教しゅうきょう意識いしき。
德とく國こく社會しゃかい學がく者もの马克斯·韦伯（1864-1920）認みとめ為ため源げん於無文字もじ時期じき的てき前まえ泛靈信仰しんこう。
法ほう國こく人類じんるい學がく者もの李り維史陀（1908～2009）認みとめ為ため巫術ふじゅつ是正ぜせい常つね思おもえ維在盡力じんりょく理解りかい它所面めん對たい的てき宇宙うちゅう，卻又無法むほう掌握しょうあく它時，所產しょさん生せい了りょう病態びょうたい思おもえ維及解釋かいしゃく來らい充實じゅうじつ不足ふそく的てき現實げんじつ。

巫術ふじゅつ的てき分類ぶんるい[编辑]

英國えいこく人類じんるい學がく者もの詹姆斯·弗どる雷かみなり澤さわ（1854-1941）認みとめ為ため巫術ふじゅつ只ただ是これ因果いんが觀念かんねん的てき一種いっしゅ錯誤さくご聯想れんそう，其將之の命名めいめい為ため「交感こうかん巫術ふじゅつ（英えい语：sympathetic magic）」

交感こうかん巫術ふじゅつ[编辑]

交感こうかん巫術ふじゅつ分ぶん為ため兩りょう種たね，一種是遵循同類相生原則由結果逆推得到原因的順じゅん勢ぜい巫術ふじゅつ（英えい语：Homoeopathic magic），另一種則是舉凡曾經接觸過的兩種東西，以後いご即そく使し分ぶん開ひらけ了りょう，也能夠互相しょう影かげ响，這叫做接觸せっしょく巫術ふじゅつ。

順じゅん勢ぜい巫術ふじゅつ[编辑]

順じゅん勢ぜい巫術ふじゅつ又また稱しょう模擬もぎ巫術ふじゅつ，是ぜ基もと於相似そうじ律りつ的てき巫術ふじゅつ。

相似そうじ律りつ是ぜ指ゆび，相似そうじ的てき結果けっか來き自じ相似そうじ的てき原因げんいん，相似そうじ的てき原因げんいん會かい造成ぞうせい相似そうじ的てき結果けっか，這樣的てき巫術ふじゅつ規律きりつ。

顺势巫みこ术是模擬もぎ结果得え到いた原因げんいん，模かたぎ拟原因げんいん得え到いた结果，这样操みさお纵因果律いんがりつ的てき巫みこ术。

像ぞう是ぜ在ざい古代こだい巫みこ師し通過つうか模擬もぎ慶祝けいしゅく新生兒しんせいじ誕生たんじょう的てき過程かてい來らい幫助生產せいさん就是一いち種しゅ順じゅん勢いきおい巫術ふじゅつ。

接觸せっしょく巫術ふじゅつ[编辑]

接觸せっしょく巫術ふじゅつ是ぜ基もと於接觸せっしょく律りつ的てき巫術ふじゅつ。

接觸せっしょく律りつ又また稱しょう感染かんせん律りつ，是ぜ指ゆび一度接觸的事物分離後依舊能互相影響的巫術規律。

接觸せっしょく巫術ふじゅつ是ぜ用よう曾發生はっせい過か接觸せっしょく的てき物品ぶっぴん去さ干涉かんしょう另外的てき事物じぶつ的てき巫術ふじゅつ。

因いん此施術しじゅつ於腳印しるし、衣ころも物ぶつ，這些腳印、衣ころも物ぶつ能のう與あずか人體じんたい互相感應かんおう，從したがえ而影響えいきょう受害者しゃ，這就屬ぞく於是接觸せっしょく巫術ふじゅつ。

巫みこ師し的てき分類ぶんるい[编辑]

作為さくい古老ころう巫術ふじゅつ儀式ぎしき的てき使用しよう者しゃ，巫みこ師し可か大だい致分為ため女おんな巫みこ和男かずお巫みこ。

參考さんこう資料しりょう[编辑]

^ Thomas, Keith. Religion and the Decline of Magic. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. 1997: 519. ISBN 978-0-297-00220-8. 'At this day', wrote Reginald Scot in 1584, 'it is indifferent to say in the English tongue, "she is a witch" or "she is a wise woman".' Nevertheless, it is possible to isolate that kind of 'witchcraft' which involved the employment (or presumed employment) of some occult means of doing harm to other people in a way which was generally disapproved of. In this sense the belief in witchcraft can be defined as the attribution of misfortune to occult human agency. A witch was a person of either sex (but more often female) who could mysteriously injure other people.
^ Hutton, Ronald. The Witch: A History of Fear, from Ancient Times to the Present. Yale University Press. 2017: ix. What is a witch? The standard scholarly definition of one was summed up in 1978 by a leading expert in the anthropology of religion, Rodney Needham, as 'someone who causes harm to others by mystical means'. In stating this, he was self-consciously not providing a personal view of the matter, but summing up an established scholarly consensus [...] When the only historian of the European trials to set them systematically in a global context in recent years, Wolfgang Behringer, undertook his task, he termed witchcraft 'a generic term for all kinds of evil magic and sorcery, as perceived by contemporaries'. Again, in doing so he was self-consciously perpetuating a scholarly norm. That usage has persisted till the present among anthropologists and historians...

[Thomas519-1] Thomas, Keith. Religion and the Decline of Magic. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. 1997: 519. ISBN 978-0-297-00220-8. 'At this day', wrote Reginald Scot in 1584, 'it is indifferent to say in the English tongue, "she is a witch" or "she is a wise woman".' Nevertheless, it is possible to isolate that kind of 'witchcraft' which involved the employment (or presumed employment) of some occult means of doing harm to other people in a way which was generally disapproved of. In this sense the belief in witchcraft can be defined as the attribution of misfortune to occult human agency. A witch was a person of either sex (but more often female) who could mysteriously injure other people.

[Hutton_2017_intro-2] Hutton, Ronald. The Witch: A History of Fear, from Ancient Times to the Present. Yale University Press. 2017: ix. What is a witch? The standard scholarly definition of one was summed up in 1978 by a leading expert in the anthropology of religion, Rodney Needham, as 'someone who causes harm to others by mystical means'. In stating this, he was self-consciously not providing a personal view of the matter, but summing up an established scholarly consensus [...] When the only historian of the European trials to set them systematically in a global context in recent years, Wolfgang Behringer, undertook his task, he termed witchcraft 'a generic term for all kinds of evil magic and sorcery, as perceived by contemporaries'. Again, in doing so he was self-consciously perpetuating a scholarly norm. That usage has persisted till the present among anthropologists and historians...

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