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蛙かえる屬ぞく

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维基百科ひゃっか，自由じゆう的てき百科ひゃっか全ぜん书

蛙かえる屬ぞく
紅べに腿もも蛙かえる
科学かがく分ぶん类 编辑
界さかい： 动物界かい Animalia
门： 脊索せきさく动物门 Chordata
纲： 两栖纲 Amphibia
目め： 无尾目め Anura
科か： 赤蛙あかがえる科か Ranidae
属ぞく： 蛙かえる屬ぞく Rana
Linnaeus, 1758
種たね
  • 參まいり見み內文
異名いみょう
  • Amerana Dubois, 1992
  • Anchylorana dubita Taylor, 1942
  • Anchylorana moorei Taylor, 1942
  • Anchylorana robustocondyla Taylor, 1942
  • Aurana Bauer, 1985
  • Aurorana Dubois, 1992
  • Crotaphitis Schulze, 1891
  • Laurasiarana Hillis & Wilcox, 2005
  • Leptodactylus abavus Holman, 1965
  • Liuhurana Fei, Ye & Jiang, 2010
  • Pseudoamolops Fei, Ye & Jiang, 2000
  • Pseudoamolops Jiang, Fei, Ye, Zeng, Zhen, Xie & Chen, 1997
  • Rana basaltica Young, 1936
  • Rana bucella Holman, 1965
  • Rana ephippium Taylor, 1942
  • Rana fayeae Taylor, 1942
  • Rana johnsoni La Rivers, 1953
  • Rana meadensis Taylor, 1942
  • Rana meriani Meyer, 1853
  • Rana miocenica Holman, 1965
  • Rana noeggerathi Meyer, 1952
  • Rana parvissima Taylor, 1942
  • Rana pueyoi Longinos Navás, 1922
  • Rana quellembergi Longinos Navás, 1922
  • Rana rexroadensis Taylor, 1942
  • Rana valida Taylor, 1942
  • Ranaria Rafinesque, 1814

蛙かえる屬ぞく（Rana）也称林はやし蛙かえる属ぞく、赤蛙あかがえる属ぞく，是ぜ蛙かえる科か的てき一いち个屬ぞく，分ふん佈於歐おう亞あ大陸たいりく、北美きたみ洲しゅう、中ちゅう美び洲しゅう及南美みなみ洲しゅう北部ほくぶ。很多其他的てき屬ぞく以往いおう都と包括ほうかつ在ざい內。[1][2]

一般蛙屬的體形頗大，腰部ようぶ幼よう長ちょう及皺皮がわ。大部たいぶ份的背部はいぶ隆起りゅうき，但ただし卻沒有ゆう蟾蜍ひきがえる的てき疣いぼ。牠們的てき腳幼長ちょう，善ぜん於跳躍ちょうやく。後肢あとあし上じょう的てき蹼みずかき令れい牠們在ざい水中すいちゅう可か以靈活かつ的てき運動うんどう。牠們背部はいぶ一般いっぱん呈てい綠色みどりいろ及褐色しょく，有ゆう深ふか色しょく及黃色しょく的てき斑點はんてん。一いち些蛙类（如：箭や毒どく蛙かえる）身上しんじょう有ゆう鲜艳的てき色彩しきさい，用よう做警告けいこく敌人：‘我わが有毒ゆうどく。’

蛙かえる屬ぞく很多時じ都と在ざい初春しょしゅん繁殖はんしょく，而生活せいかつ在ざい亞熱帶あねったい及熱帶ねったい的てき物種ものだね全ぜん年とし都會とかい繁殖はんしょく。很多雄ゆう蛙かえる都會とかい叫さけべ，但ただし有ゆう一いち些卻不ふ會かい發聲はっせい。雌めす蛙かえる會かい一排排或球狀式產卵，每次まいじ可か以產達たち2萬まん顆。

分類ぶんるい

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蛙かえる屬目しょくもく前ぜん有ゆう約やく90個こ物種ものだね，但ただし其分類ぶんるい則そく仍有爭議そうぎ[2][3][4]。2006年ねん，Frost等とう人じん將はた本屬ほんぞく的てき部分ぶぶん物種ものだね劃為獨立どくりつ屬ぞく別べつ，但ただし後來こうらい2016年ねんYuan等とう人的じんてき研究けんきゅう認みとめ為ため這樣的てき分類ぶんるい會かい使し其他屬ぞく成なり為ため併系群ぐん，為ため了りょう維持いじ本屬ほんぞく的てき單たん系けい性せい，建議けんぎ使用しよう亞あ屬ぞく代替だいたい提ひさげ升ます為ため屬ぞく級きゅう的てき做法[5]。

目前もくぜん已やめ自立じりつ的てき屬ぞく有ゆう拇おやゆび棘とげ蛙かえる屬ぞく（Babina）、Clinotarsus、腺せん蛙かえる属ぞく（Glandirana）、Hydrophylax、水みず蛙かえる屬ぞく（Hylarana）、臭におい蛙かえる屬ぞく（Odorrana）、側がわ褶蛙屬ぞく（Pelophylax）[6]、琴きん蛙かえる属ぞく(Nidirana)[7]、Pulchrana、Sanguirana及Sylvirana。當とう中ちゅう臭しゅう蛙かえる屬ぞく是ぜ蛙かえる屬ぞく的てき近親きんしん，有ゆう可能かのう重じゅう置おけ於蛙屬ぞく中ちゅう。[1][2]

系統けいとう分類ぶんるい學がく

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本ほん分類ぶんるい樹じゅ依よ照あきらYuan等とう人じん於2016年ねん的てき論文ろんぶん繪え製せい[8]：

蛙かえる屬ぞく Rana
 
 
 

蛙かえる亞あ屬ぞく R. (Rana)

 
 

R. (Amerana)

 
 
 

胫腺蛙かえる亞あ屬ぞく R. (Liuhurana)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

豹ひょう蛙かえる亞あ屬ぞく R. (Pantherana)

 
 

茲維斐氏蛙かえる屬ぞく R. (Zweifelia)

 
 
 

牛蛙うしがえる亞あ屬ぞく R. (Lithobates)

 
 
 

R. (Aquarana)

 
 
 

R. sylvatica（英えい语：Rana sylvatica）

 
 
 

物種ものだね

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截止2022年ねん1月がつ14日にち，根ね据すえ Amphibian Species of the World 中なか的てき记录本属ほんぞく包含ほうがん55种：[9]

參考さんこう

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Cai, Hong-xia; Che, Jing, Pang, Jun-feng; Zhao, Er-mi & Zhang, Ya-ping. Paraphyly of Chinese Amolops (Anura, Ranidae) and phylogenetic position of the rare Chinese frog, Amolops tormotus (PDF). Zootaxa. 2007, 1531: 49–55 [2008-10-14]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档 (PDF)于2020-07-19）. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Stuart, Bryan L. The phylogenetic problem of Huia (Amphibia: Ranidae). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2008, 46 (1): 49–60. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.09.016. 
  3. ^ Hillis, D.M. & Wilcox, T.P. Phylogeny of the New World true frogs (Rana) (PDF). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2005, 34 (2): 299–314 [2008-10-14]. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.10.007. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档 (PDF)于2008-05-28）. 
  4. ^ Hillis, D. M. Constraints in naming parts of the Tree of Life (PDF). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2007, 42: 331–338 [2008-10-14]. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.08.001. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档 (PDF)于2011-09-27）. 
  5. ^ Yuan, Zhi-yong; Zhou, Weiwei; Chen, Xin; Poyarkov, Nikolay; Chen, Hong-man; Jang-Liaw, Nian-Hong; Chou, Wen-Hao; Matzke, Nicholas; Iizuka, Koji. Spatiotemporal Diversification of the True Frogs (Genus Rana): A Historical Framework for a Widely Studied Group of Model Organisms. Systematic Biology. 2016-06-10, 65: syw055 [2018-12-31]. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syw055. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2019-08-23）. 
  6. ^ Dubois, A. & A. Ohler, A. Frogs of the subgenus Pelophylax (Amphibia, Anura, genus Rana): a catalogue of available and valid scientific names, with comments on the name-bearing types, complete synonymies. proposed common names, and maps showing all type localities. Zoologica Poloniae. 1995, 39 (3-4): 139–204. 
  7. ^ Yuan, Zhiyong; Chen, Jinmin; Wu, Yunhe; Li, Xianqi; Che, Jing. Revision of the list of amphibian species in Yunnan Province. Biodiversity Science. 2022-04-20, 30 (4): 21470. doi:10.17520/biods.2021470. 
  8. ^ Che, Jing; Hillis, David M.; Cannatella, David C.; Zhang, Ya-Ping; Kuzmin, Sergius L.; Min, Mi-Sook; Iizuka, Koji; Matzke, Nicholas J.; Chou, Wen-Hao. Spatiotemporal Diversification of the True Frogs (Genus Rana): A Historical Framework for a Widely Studied Group of Model Organisms. Systematic Biology. 2016-09-01, 65 (5): 824–842 [2019-04-04]. ISSN 1063-5157. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syw055. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2020-06-23） （英えい语）. 
  9. ^ Darrel Frost. 2022. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.1 (2022-01-14). Electronic Database accessible at https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/Amphibia/Anura/Ranidae/Rana （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆）. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA.
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 Bain, R.H., A. Lathrop, R.W. Murphy, N. Orlov, and T.C. Ho. 2003. Cryptic species of a cascade frog from southeast Asia: taxonomic revisions and descriptions of six new species. American Museum Novitates. 3417: 1–60.
  11. ^ Chencheng Wang, Lifu Qian, Chenling Zhang, Weibo Guo, Tao Pan, Jun Wu, Hui Wang and Baowei Zhang. 2017. A New Species of Rana from the Dabie Mountains in eastern China (Anura, Ranidae). ZooKeys. 724: 135-153. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.724.19383
  12. ^ 沈猷慧とし,江こう建けん平ひらめ,杨道德どうとく.中国ちゅうごく林りん蛙かえる属ぞく(无尾目め:蛙かえる科か)一新いっしん种——寒露かんろ林りん蛙かえるRana hanluica sp. nov[J].Current Zoology, 2007, 53(3):481-488.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-5507.2007.03.011.
  13. ^ 13.0 13.1 Raoul H. Bain and Nguyen Quang Trong. 2004. Herpetofaunal Diversity of Ha Giang Province in Northeastern Vietnam, with Descriptions of Two New Species. American Museum Novitates. 3453
  14. ^ Jeremy A. Feinberg, Catherine E. Newman, Gregory J. Watkins-Colwell, Matthew D. Schlesinger, Brian Zarate, Brian R. Curry, H. Bradley Shaffer and Joanna Burger. 2014. Cryptic Diversity in Metropolis: Confirmation of a New Leopard Frog Species (Anura: Ranidae) from New York City and Surrounding Atlantic Coast Regions. PLoS ONE, 2014; 9 (10): e108213 DOI: dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0108213
  15. ^ Ileana Luque-Montes, James D. Austin, Kayla D. Weinfurther, Larry David Wilson, Erich P. Hofmann and Josiah H. Townsend. 2018. An Integrative Assessment of the Taxonomic Status of Putative Hybrid Leopard Frogs (Anura: Ranidae) from the Chortís Highlands of Central America, with Description of A New Species. Systematics and Biodiversity. In Press. DOI 10.1080/14772000.2017.1415232
  16. ^ Zhao, H.P., Yang, J.X., Wang, C.P., Li, P.P., Murphy R.W., Che, J. and Yuan, Z.Y., 2017. A new species of the genus Rana from Henan, central China (Anura, Ranidae). ZooKeys, (694), 95–108.
  17. ^ Koshiro Eto and Masafumi Matsui. 2023. A New Brown Frog from the Goto Islands, Japan with Taxonomic Revision on the Subspecific Relationships of Rana tagoi (Amphibia: Anura: Ranidae). Current Herpetology. 42(2): 191-209. DOI: 10.5358/hsj.42.191
  18. ^ Masashi Ryuzaki, Yoshinori Hasegawa and Mitsuru Kuramoto. 2014. A New Brown Frog of the Genus Rana from Japan (Anura: Ranidae) revealed by Cytological and Bioacoustic Studies. Alytes. 31(3-4); 49-58.
  19. ^ SHEN H. J., XU M. Y., YANG X. Y., CHEN Z., XIAO N. W., CHEN X. H. A New Brown Frog of the Genus Rana (Anura, Ranidae) from North China, with a Taxonomic Revision of the R. chensinensis Species Group. Asian Herpetol Res, 2022, 13(3): 145–158. DOI: 10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.210062
  20. ^ Irving, Hardesty. The number and arrangement of the fibers forming the spinal nerves of the frog (Rana virescens)[J]. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 1899.
  21. ^ Shasha Yan,Qingqing He,Tao Luo, et al. Description of a new species of the genus Rana (Anura: Ranidae) from western Guizhou, China, integrating morphological and molecular genetic data[J]. Zoological Systematics, 2022, 47(4): 275-292.

外部がいぶ連結れんけつ

[编辑]
维基共ども享とおる资源上うえ的てき相しょう关多媒体ばいたい资源：蛙かえる屬ぞく
分類ぶんるい單元たんげん識別しきべつ碼
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