螢火 蟲
萤科![]() | |
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动物 | |
门: | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
纲: | |
亚目: | |
总科: | 叩甲总科 Elateroidea |
萤科 Lampyridae Latreille, 1817 | |
见 |
形 态
[编辑]萤火
生活 史
[编辑]萤火
萤火
萤火
萤火
分布
[编辑]萤火
行 为
[编辑]发光行 为
[编辑]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Nashville_fireflies.jpg/220px-Nashville_fireflies.jpg)
萤火
萤火
发光
第 I类闪烁(flashes),持 续时间少于2秒 第 II类闪光 (glows),持 续时间长于2秒 第 III类连续发光
繁殖
[编辑]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Winter_Fireflies_%28Ellychnia_corrusca%29_-_Guelph%2C_Ontario_2017-05-17_%2801%29.jpg/220px-Winter_Fireflies_%28Ellychnia_corrusca%29_-_Guelph%2C_Ontario_2017-05-17_%2801%29.jpg)
萤火
萤火
取 食 行 为
[编辑]萤火
萤火
陆栖萤火
天 敌
[编辑]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Photuris_pennsylvanicus_1665.jpg/220px-Photuris_pennsylvanicus_1665.jpg)
萤火
萤火
一些真菌如
萤火
防御 和 报警行 为
[编辑]萤火
许多种类
一些种类的萤火虫幼虫具有
萤火
发光原理
[编辑]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/F2019-07-02_1982.jpg/220px-F2019-07-02_1982.jpg)
萤火
发光反 应
[编辑]发光
发光
- 萤光
素 和 ATP在 荧光素 酶和 2价镁离子(Mg2+)的 催化作用 下 ,产生荧光素 -腺 苷酸(adenylluciferin)。 - 荧光
素 -腺 苷酸(adenylluciferin)和 氧气发生氧化反 应,产生激 发态的 氧化荧光素 (oxyluciferin),和 單 磷酸腺 苷(AMP)。 激 发态的 氧化荧光素 (oxyluciferin)回 到 基 态,并发出光 。
发光
发光反 应的控 制
[编辑]对于萤火
此外,萤火
下 属 分 类
[编辑]- Abscondita Ballantyne, Lambkin & Fu, 2013
- Afrodiaphanes Geisthardt, 2007
- Alecton Laporte, 1833
- Amydetes Hoffmannsegg, 1807
- Amydetes Illiger, 1807
- Anadrilus Kirsch, 1875
- Andecladodes Bocakova, Campello-Gonçalves & Silveira, 2022
- Ankonophallus Zaragoza & Navarrete, 2014
- Aorphallus Zaragoza & Gutiérrez, 2018
- Aquatica Fu, Ballantyne & Lambkin, 2010
- Aquilonia Ballantyne, 2009
- Araucariocladus Silveira & Mermudes, 2017
- Araucariocladus amfractus Nunes, Souto & Silveira, 2019
- Araucariocladus hiems Da Silveira & Mermudes, 2017[34]
- Aspisoma Laporte, 1833
- Aspisomoides Zaragoza, 1995
- Asymmetricata Ballantyne, 2009
- Atyphella Olliff, 1890
- Australoluciola Ballantyne, 2013
- Baolacus Pic, 1915
- Bicellonycha Motschulsky, 1853
- Brachylampis Van Dyke, 1939
- Brachypterodrilus Pic, 1918
- Brasilocladodes Bocakova, Campello-Gonçalves & Silveira, 2022
- Callopisma Motschulsky, 1853
- Callpisma
- Calotrachelum Pic, 1930
- Calyptocephalus Gray, 1832
- Cassidomorphus Motschulsky, 1853
- Ceylanidrillus Pic, 1911
- Ceylanodrilus Pic, 1929
- Cheguevaria Kazantsev, 2007
- Chespirito Ferreira, Keller & Branham, 2020
- Cladodes Solier, 1849
- Colophotia Dejean, 1833
- Colophotia Motschulsky, 1853
- Convexa Ballantyne, 2009
- Costalampys Silveira, Roza, Vaz & Mermudes, 2021
- Crassitarsus Martin, 2019
- Cratomorphus Motschulsky, 1853
- Curios Motschulsky, 1845
脈 翅螢屬 Curtos Motschulsky, 1845雙 櫛 角 螢 屬 Cyphonocerus Kiesenwetter, 1879- Dadophora Duponchel, 1844
- Diaphanes Motschulsky, 1853
- Dilychnia Motschulsky, 1853
- Dodacles E.Olivier, 1885
弩 螢 屬 Drilaster Kiesenwetter, 1879- Dryptelytra Laporte, 1833
- Electotreta Kazantsev, 2012
- Electrotreta Kazantsev, 2012
- Ellychnia Dejean, 1833
- Emarginoptyx Ballantyne, 2019
- Emasia Bocáková & Janisova, 2010
- Emeia Fu, Ballantyne & Lambkin, 2012
- Eoluciola Kazantsev, 2012
- Erythrolychnia Motschulsky, 1853
- Erythrolynchia Motschoulsky, 1853
- Ethra Laporte, 1833
- Eugeusis Westwood, 1853
- Falsophaeopterus Pic, 1911
- Flabellopalpodes Bocáková & Bocak, 2016
- Flabellototreta Pic, 1911
- Flabellotreta Pic, 1911
- Gorhamia Pic, 1911
- Harmatelia Walker, 1858
- Heterophotinus E.Olivier, 1894
- Hydaspoides Janisova & Bocakova, 2013
- Hyperstoma Wittmer, 1979
- Inflata Boontop, 2015
- Jamphotus Barber, 1941
- Kuantana Ballantyne, 2019
- Kuantana Ho, 2019
- Lamellipalpodes Maulik, 1921
- Lamellipalpus Maulik, 1921
- Lamprigera Motschulsky, 1853
- Lamprocera Laporte, 1833
- Lamprohiza Motschulsky, 1853
- Lampygnatha Pineda, Koike & Barros, 2019
螢 屬 Lampyris Geoffroy, 1762- Lampyris Müller, 1764
- Lampyroidea Costa, 1875
- Ledocas E.Olivier, 1885
- Lloydiella Ballantyne, 2009
- Lucernuta Laporte, 1833
鋸 角 螢 屬 Lucidina Gorham, 1883- Lucidota Laporte, 1833
- Lucidotopsis McDermott, 1960
- Lucio Laporte, 1833
- 熠螢
屬 Luciola Laporte, 1833 - Luciolinae Lacordaire, 1857
- Luciuranus Silveira, Khattar & Mermudes, 2016
- Lychnacris Motschulsky, 1853
- Lychnobius Geisthardt, 1983
- Magnalata Ballantyne, 2009
- Magnoculus McDermott, 1966
- 拟屈翅萤
属 Medeopteryx Ballantyne, 2013 - Memoan Silveira & Mermudes, 2013
- Microdiphot Barber, 1941
- Microlampyris Pic, 1956
- Micronaspis Green, 1948
- Microphotus LeConte, 1866
- Mimophaeopterus Pic, 1930
- Mimophotinus Pic, 1935
- Miocaenia Wickham, 1894
- Missimia Ballantyne, 2009
- Nelsonphotus Cicero, 2006
- Nyctocrepis Motschulsky, 1853
- Nyctophila E.Olivier, 1884
怪 眼 螢 屬 Oculogryphus Jeng, Engel & Yang, 2007- Oliviereus Pic, 1930
- Ophoelis E.Olivier, 1911
- Ototretadrilus Pic, 1921
- Ovalampis Fairmaire, 1898
- Pacifica Ballantyne, 2013
- Paracratomorphus Zaragoza, 2013
- Paraphausis Green, 1949
- Paraphotinus Zaragoza, 1995
- Pelania Mulsant, 1860
- Petalacmis E.Olivier, 1908
- Phaenolis Gorham, 1880
- Phausis LeConte, 1851
- Phosphaenopterus Schaufuss, 1870
- Phosphaenus Laporte, 1833
- Photinoides McDermott, 1963
- Photinus Laporte, 1833
- Photoctus McDermott, 1961
- Photuris Dejean, 1833
- Photuroluciola Pic, 1931
- Picodrilus Wittmer, 1938
- Platylampis Motschulsky, 1853
- Pleotomodes Green, 1948
- Pleotomus LeConte, 1861
- Pollaclasis Newman, 1838
- Presbyolampis Buck, 1947
黑 脈 螢 屬 Pristolycus Gorham, 1883- Prolutacea Cicero, 2006
- Protoluciola Kazanstev, 2015
- Pseudolychnuris Motschulsky, 1853
- Pseudolynchnuris Motschulsky, 1853
- Psilocladus Blanchard, 1846
- Pteroptyx E.Olivier, 1902
- Pteroptyx Ho, 2019
- Pterotus LeConte, 1859
- Pygatyphella Ballantyne, 1968
- Pygoluciola Wittmer, 1939
- Pygoluciola abscondita (E.Olivier, 1891)
- Pygoluciola ambita (E.Olivier, 1896)
- Pygoluciola bangladeshi Ballantyne, 2019
- Pygoluciola bangladeshi Ho, 2019
- Pygoluciola calceata (E.Olivier, 1905)
- Pygoluciola cowleyi (Blackburn, 1897)
- Pygoluciola dunguna Nada, 2018
- Pygoluciola guigliae (Ballantyne, 1968)
- Pygoluciola hamulata (E.Olivier, 1885)
- Pygoluciola insularis (E.Olivier, 1883)
- Pygoluciola kinabalua (Ballantyne & Lambkin, 2001)
- Pygoluciola matalangao Ballantyne, 2019
- Pygoluciola matalangao Ho, 2019
- Pygoluciola nitescens (E.Olivier, 1903)
- Pygoluciola phupan Ballantyne, 2019
- Pygoluciola phupan Ho, 2019
- 穹宇
螢 Pygoluciola qingyu Fu & Ballantyne, 2008 - Pygoluciola rammale Wijekoon & De Silva & P. ruhuna Wijekoon & De Silva, 2024[35]
- Pygoluciola satoi Ballantyne, 2008
- Pygoluciola stylifer (Wittmer, 1939)
- Pygoluciola tamarat Ho, 2019
- Pygoluciola tamarat Jusoh, 2019
- Pygoluciola vitalisi (Pic, 1934)
- Pygoluciola wittmeri (Ballantyne, 1968)
- Pyractomena Melsheimer, 1846
- Pyractonema Olivier, 1907
- Pyractonema Solier, 1849
窗 萤属 Pyrocoelia Gorham, 1880- Pyrogaster Motschulsky, 1853
- Pyrophanes E.Olivier, 1885
- Pyropyga Motschulsky, 1852
- Pyropygodes Zaragoza, 2000
- Robopus Motschulsky, 1853
- Roleta McDermott, 1962
- Rufolychnia Kazantsev, 2007
- Scissicauda McDermott, 1964
- Sclerotia Ballantyne, 2016
- Serratia Ballantyne, 2019
垂 鬚 螢 屬 Stenocladius Fairmaire, 1878- Tenaspis LeConte, 1881
- Triangulara Pimpasalee, 2016
- Trisinuata Ballantyne, 2013
- Uanauna Campello-Gonçalves, Souto, Mermudes & Silveira, 2019
- Vesta Laporte, 1833
- Ybytyramoan Silveira & Mermudes, 2014
威 胁与保 护
[编辑]萤火
农药、
利用
[编辑]萤火
文化
[编辑]参考 文献
[编辑]- ^
晉 崔 豹 《古今 注 ·蟲 魚 》:「螢火 ,一 名 耀夜,一 名 景 天 ,一 名 熠燿,一 名 丹 良 ,一 名 燐 ,一 名 丹 鳥 ,一 名 夜光 ,一 名 宵 燭 ,腐 草 為之 ,食 蚊 蚋 。」;《诗经》宵 行 ,《夏 小正 》丹 鸟、丹 良 ,《尔雅》即 照 ,《本 经》夜光 ,《吴普本草 》夜 照 、救 火 、据 火 、挟 火 ,《別 錄 》放 光 ,《本草 品 匯精要 》磷然、照 磷 - ^ Martin, Gavin J; Stanger-Hall, Kathrin F; Branham, Marc A; Da Silveira, Luiz F L; Lower, Sarah E; Hall, David W; Li, Xue-Yan; Lemmon, Alan R; Moriarty Lemmon, Emily; Bybee, Seth M. Higher-Level Phylogeny and Reclassification of Lampyridae (Coleoptera: Elateroidea). Insect Systematics and Diversity. 2019-11-01, 3 (6). doi:10.1093/isd/ixz024.
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- ^
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