酒石酸しゅせきさん锑钾

酒石酸しゅせきさん锑钾三水さんずい合ごう物ぶつ
别名	酒石酸しゅせきさん氧锑钾; 吐酒石せき
识别
CAS号ごう	28300-74-5
PubChem	16682736
ChemSpider	17214979
SMILES	[K+].[K+].[H]O[H].[H]O[H].[H]O[H].O=C1O[Sb-]23OC1C1O[Sb-]4(OC(C(O2)C(=O)O3)C(=O)O4)OC1=O;
InChI	1S/2C4H4O6.2K.3H2O.2Sb/c25-1(3(7)8)2(6)4(9)10;;;;;;;/h21-2H,(H,7,8)(H,9,10);;;31H2;;/q2-2;2+1;;;;2+3/p-4;
InChIKey	WBTCZEPSIIFINA-UHFFFAOYSA-J
EINECS	234-293-3
ChEBI	2761
KEGG	C11340
性せい质
化学かがく式しき	K2Sb2(C4H2O6)2 · 3 H2O
摩ま尔质量りょう	667.87 g·mol⁻¹
外そと观	白色はくしょく晶あきら体からだ
密度みつど	2.6 g/cm3
溶解ようかい性せい（水みず）	8.3 g/100 mL（0 °C）; 35.9 g/100 mL（100 °C）
危险性せい
警示术语	R：R20/22 R51/53
安全あんぜん术语	S：S2 S61
欧おう盟めい分ぶん类	Xn N
	致死ちし量りょう或ある浓度：
LD50（中位ちゅうい剂量）	110 mg/kg
	若わか非ひ注ちゅう明あかり，所有しょゆう数すう据すえ均ひとし出自しゅつじ标准状じょう态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下した。

酒石酸しゅせきさん锑钾（英語えいご：Antimony potassium tartrate），又また称たたえ酒石酸しゅせきさん氧锑钾（英語えいご：Potassium antimonyl tartrate），俗称ぞくしょう吐酒石せき（英語えいご：Tartar emetic或あるEmetic tartar），化学かがく式しき为K₂Sb₂(C₄H₂O₆)₂，为酒石酸しゅせきさん的てき锑钾复盐。酒石酸しゅせきさん锑钾自じ古いにしえ以来いらい一直被用作一种强效的催吐剂；除じょ此之外がい，它还曾被用よう于治疗血ち吸虫病びょう和わ利り什曼病びょう。

催吐作用さよう

在ざい中世ちゅうせい纪时，人にん们已经知道どう酒石酸しゅせきさん锑钾具有ぐゆう催吐作用さよう。由よし于它的てき毒性どくせい较大，人にん们在那な时一般いっぱん不ふ直接ちょくせつ服用ふくよう——而是将しょう酒さけ在ざい锑杯はい中ちゅう存そん放ひ24小しょう时，并多次じ少量しょうりょう地ち饮用，直ちょく至いたり达到需要じゅよう的てき催吐效果こうか为止。^[1]^[2]^[3]

目前もくぜん酒石酸しゅせきさん锑钾仍被用よう于动物学がく研究けんきゅう中ちゅう被ひ捕と获动物的ぶってき催吐，以了解りょうかい它们的てき饮食习惯。^[4]^[5]^[6]

药用

酒石酸しゅせきさん锑钾最早もはや的てき药用是ぜ在ざい1906年ねん用よう于治疗锥虫病びょう的てき试验，并随即そく开展了りょう用よう这种化合かごう物ぶつ治ち疗其他ほか热带病びょう的てき研究けんきゅう。^[7]

在ざい1913年ねん，酒石酸しゅせきさん锑钾开始用よう于治疗利什曼病びょう。随ずい着ぎ毒性どくせい更さら小しょう的てき五ご价锑药物（如葡萄糖ぶどうとう酸さん锑钠和わ葡甲胺锑酸さん盐）的てき发现，酒石酸しゅせきさん锑钾被ひ逐渐淘汰とうた。^[7]^[8]

英国えいこく医い生せいJohn B. Christopherson于1918年ねん发现了りょう酒石酸しゅせきさん锑钾能のう够治愈いよいよ血ち吸虫病びょう，在ざい这之后きさき它开始はじめ被ひ广泛使用しよう。^[9]^[10]^[11] 但ただし是ぜ，人にん们发现注射ちゅうしゃ酒石酸しゅせきさん锑钾能のう够引起おこり十分严重甚至致命的副作用（如阿おもね－斯综合あい征せい），^[12]因いん此研究けんきゅう者しゃ开始寻找更さら好このみ的てき替がえ代だい药物。20世せい纪70年代ねんだい吡喹酮的てき发现使し得とく酒石酸しゅせきさん锑钾等とう锑剂逐渐被停止ていし使用しよう。^[13]^[14]

毒性どくせい

与あずか所有しょゆう锑化合かごう物ぶつ一いち样，酒石酸しゅせきさん锑钾具有ぐゆう毒性どくせい。^[15] 中毒ちゅうどく的てき主要しゅよう原因げんいん曾是药物过量；目前もくぜん则多由よし误服引起：如曾有ゆう报道四人在食用由含酒石酸锑钾（误作酒石酸しゅせきさん氢钾而掺入いれ）的てき泡あわ打粉うちこ制作せいさく的てき蛋糕后きさき发生了りょう严重中毒ちゅうどく，其中一いち位い93岁的中毒ちゅうどく者しゃ死し于多た器官きかん衰おとろえ竭；^[16] 以及在ざい中ちゅう美び洲しゅう有ゆう一いち位い酗酒者もの在ざい其妻子さいし给其服用ふくよう未知みち成分せいぶん（后きさき来らい得知とくち为不纯的酒石酸しゅせきさん锑钾）的てき“戒酒药”之の后きさき发生持じ续的呕吐，之これ后きさき在ざい重症じゅうしょう监护病びょう房ぼう中ちゅう检测出で严重的てき心こころ脏、肝かん脏、肾脏功こう能のう异常并几乎因此而死亡しぼう。^[17]

制せい取と

通つう过将三さん氧化二に锑溶解ようかい在ざい酒石酸しゅせきさん中ちゅう能のう够很容易ようい制せい得とく酒石酸しゅせきさん锑钾。^[18]

参考さんこう资料

^ McCallum, RI. President's address. Observations upon antimony. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. 1977, 70 (11): 756–63. PMC 1543508 . PMID 341167.
^ Thomson, SC. Antimonyall Cupps: Pocula Emetica or Calices Vomitorii. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. 1926, 19 (Sect Hist Med): 122.2–128. PMC 1948687 . PMID 19985185.
^ Weiss, S.; Hatcher, RA. The Mechanism of the Vomiting Induced by Antimony and Potassium Tartrate (Tartar Emetic). Journal of Experimental Medicine. 1922, 37 (1): 97–111. PMC 2128404 . PMID 19868716. doi:10.1084/jem.37.1.97.
^ Poulin, B.; Lefebvre, G. t.; McNeil, R. Effect and Efficiency of Tartar Emetic in Determining the Diet of Tropical Land Birds. The Condor. 1994, 96 (1): 98–104. JSTOR 1369067. doi:10.2307/1369067.
^ Carlisle, J. D.; Holberton, R. L. Relative Efficiency of Fecal versus Regurgitated Samples for Assessing Diet and the Deleterious Effects of a Tartar Emetic on Migratory Birds. Journal of Field Ornithology. 2006, 77 (2): 126–135. JSTOR 27639314. doi:10.1111/j.1557-9263.2006.00032.x.
^ Diamond, Antony W.; Fayad, V. C.; McKinley, Peter S. Commentary: Ipecac: An Improved Emetic for Wild Birds. Journal of Field Ornithology. 2007, 78 (4): 436–439. JSTOR 27715221. doi:10.1111/j.1557-9263.2007.00136.x.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Low, George C. The history of the use of intravenous injections of tartar emetic (Antimonium tartaratum) in tropical medicine. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 1916, 10 (2): 37. doi:10.1016/S0035-9203(16)90068-3.
^ Navarro, Maribel; Gabbiani, Chiara; Messori, Luigi; Gambino, Dinorah. Metal-based drugs for malaria, trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis: Recent achievements and perspectives. Drug Discovery Today. 2010, 15 (23–24): 1070–8. PMID 20974285. doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2010.10.005.
^ Christopherson, J.B. The Successful Use of Antimony in Bilharziosis. The Lancet. 1918, 192 (4958): 325. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(01)02807-0.
^ Crichton-Harris, Ann. Poison in small measure: Dr. Christopherson and the cure for bilharzia. 2009-07-15 [2012-08-13]. ISBN 978-90-04-17541-9. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2019-06-14）.
^ Sabah, A.A.; Fletcher, Cathy; Webbe, G.; Doenhoff, M.J. Schistosoma mansoni: Chemotherapy of infections of different ages. Experimental Parasitology. 1986, 61 (3): 294–303. PMID 3086114. doi:10.1016/0014-4894(86)90184-0.
^ T'AO, SC. Cardiac manifestations of the toxic action of potassium antimony tartrate in schistosomiasis patients: paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation.. Chinese medical journal (Peking, China : 1932). 1957-05, 75 (5): 365–78. PMID 13447130.
^ Hagan, Paul. Schistosomiasis – a rich vein of research. Parasitology. 2009, 136 (12): 1611–9. PMID 19691867. doi:10.1017/S003118200999093X.
^ Publishers, Bentham Science. The Antimonials. Current Medicinal Chemistry. 1996-10: 304–305 [2012-08-13]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2014-04-07）.
^ Winship, K. A. Toxicity of antimony and its compounds. Adverse drug reactions and acute poisoning reviews. 1987, 6 (2): 67–90. PMID 3307336.
^ Lauwers, LF; Roelants, A; Rosseel, PM; Heyndrickx, B; Baute, L. Oral antimony intoxications in man.. Critical care medicine. 1990-03, 18 (3): 324–6. PMID 2302961. doi:10.1097/00003246-199003000-00017.
^ Cabot, Richard C.; Harris, Nancy Lee; Shepard, Jo-Anne O.; Rosenberg, Eric S.; Cort, Alice M.; Ebeling, Sally H.; Peters, Christine C.; MacÍas Konstantopoulos, Wendy; Burns Ewald, Michele. Case 22-2012. New England Journal of Medicine. 2012, 367 (3): 259. doi:10.1056/NEJMcpc1111580.
^ Knapp, Fr. Zur Bildungsgeschichte des Brechweinsteins. Annalen der Pharmacie. 1839, 32: 76. doi:10.1002/jlac.18390320107.

拓つぶせ展てん阅读

Priesner, Claus. Basilius Valentinus und die Labortechnik um 1600. Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte. 1997, 20 (2–3): 159. doi:10.1002/bewi.19970200205.
Geoffroy, M.; Stack, T. Observations on the Effects of the Vitrum Antimonii Ceratum, by Mons. Geoffroy, of the Royal Academy of Sciences, and F. R. S. Translated from the French by Tho. Stack, M. D. F. R. S. Philosophical Transactions. 1751, 47: 273–278. JSTOR 105054. doi:10.1098/rstl.1751.0042.
Berzelius, Jöns Jacob. Lehrbuch der Chemie. 1824 [2012-08-13]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2019-06-14）.
Copus, Martinus. Das Spißglas in ein Glas gegossen, das man Vitrum Antimonii nennt, ein wahrhafftige Gift vnd gantzgeferliche Artzney sey. 1569.
The Technologist. 1861 [2012-08-13]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2019-06-14）.
Captain Cook's Antimony Cup (PDF). Vesalius, VII, 2. 2001: 62–64.
Schneider, R. Ueber einige Antimon-Verbindungen. Annalen der Physik und Chemie. 1859, 184 (11): 407. Bibcode:1859AnP...184..407S. doi:10.1002/andp.18591841104.
Groschuff, E. Reines Antimon. Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. 1918, 103: 164. doi:10.1002/zaac.19181030109.
Soubeiran, E.; Capitaine, H. Zur Geschichte der Weinsteinsäure. Journal für Praktische Chemie. 1840, 19: 435. doi:10.1002/prac.18400190171.
Pfaff, C. H. Ueber Antimon-Wasserstoffgas und die davon abhängige Unsicherheit des von James Marsh entdeckten Verfahrens zur Entdeckung des Arseniks. Archiv der Pharmazie. 1838, 64 (2): 169. doi:10.1002/ardp.18380640215.
Zimmermann, E. Das Antimon in der Chemotherapie. Klinische Wochenschrift. 1930, 9: 27. doi:10.1007/BF01740712.
Gress, Mary E.; Jacobson, Robert A. X-ray and white radiation neutron diffraction studies of optically active potassium antimony tartrate, K₂Sb₂(d-C₄H₂O₆)2·3H₂O (tarter emetic). Inorganica Chimica Acta. 1974, 8: 209. doi:10.1016/S0020-1693(00)92617-3.

[1] McCallum, RI. President's address. Observations upon antimony. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. 1977, 70 (11): 756–63. PMC 1543508 . PMID 341167.

[2] Thomson, SC. Antimonyall Cupps: Pocula Emetica or Calices Vomitorii. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. 1926, 19 (Sect Hist Med): 122.2–128. PMC 1948687 . PMID 19985185.

[3] Weiss, S.; Hatcher, RA. The Mechanism of the Vomiting Induced by Antimony and Potassium Tartrate (Tartar Emetic). Journal of Experimental Medicine. 1922, 37 (1): 97–111. PMC 2128404 . PMID 19868716. doi:10.1084/jem.37.1.97.

[4] Poulin, B.; Lefebvre, G. t.; McNeil, R. Effect and Efficiency of Tartar Emetic in Determining the Diet of Tropical Land Birds. The Condor. 1994, 96 (1): 98–104. JSTOR 1369067. doi:10.2307/1369067.

[5] Carlisle, J. D.; Holberton, R. L. Relative Efficiency of Fecal versus Regurgitated Samples for Assessing Diet and the Deleterious Effects of a Tartar Emetic on Migratory Birds. Journal of Field Ornithology. 2006, 77 (2): 126–135. JSTOR 27639314. doi:10.1111/j.1557-9263.2006.00032.x.

[6] Diamond, Antony W.; Fayad, V. C.; McKinley, Peter S. Commentary: Ipecac: An Improved Emetic for Wild Birds. Journal of Field Ornithology. 2007, 78 (4): 436–439. JSTOR 27715221. doi:10.1111/j.1557-9263.2007.00136.x.

[Low-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Low, George C. The history of the use of intravenous injections of tartar emetic (Antimonium tartaratum) in tropical medicine. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 1916, 10 (2): 37. doi:10.1016/S0035-9203(16)90068-3.

[8] Navarro, Maribel; Gabbiani, Chiara; Messori, Luigi; Gambino, Dinorah. Metal-based drugs for malaria, trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis: Recent achievements and perspectives. Drug Discovery Today. 2010, 15 (23–24): 1070–8. PMID 20974285. doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2010.10.005.

[9] Christopherson, J.B. The Successful Use of Antimony in Bilharziosis. The Lancet. 1918, 192 (4958): 325. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(01)02807-0.

[10] Crichton-Harris, Ann. Poison in small measure: Dr. Christopherson and the cure for bilharzia. 2009-07-15 [2012-08-13]. ISBN 978-90-04-17541-9. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2019-06-14）.

[11] Sabah, A.A.; Fletcher, Cathy; Webbe, G.; Doenhoff, M.J. Schistosoma mansoni: Chemotherapy of infections of different ages. Experimental Parasitology. 1986, 61 (3): 294–303. PMID 3086114. doi:10.1016/0014-4894(86)90184-0.

[12] T'AO, SC. Cardiac manifestations of the toxic action of potassium antimony tartrate in schistosomiasis patients: paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation.. Chinese medical journal (Peking, China : 1932). 1957-05, 75 (5): 365–78. PMID 13447130.

[13] Hagan, Paul. Schistosomiasis – a rich vein of research. Parasitology. 2009, 136 (12): 1611–9. PMID 19691867. doi:10.1017/S003118200999093X.

[14] Publishers, Bentham Science. The Antimonials. Current Medicinal Chemistry. 1996-10: 304–305 [2012-08-13]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2014-04-07）.

[15] Winship, K. A. Toxicity of antimony and its compounds. Adverse drug reactions and acute poisoning reviews. 1987, 6 (2): 67–90. PMID 3307336.

[16] Lauwers, LF; Roelants, A; Rosseel, PM; Heyndrickx, B; Baute, L. Oral antimony intoxications in man.. Critical care medicine. 1990-03, 18 (3): 324–6. PMID 2302961. doi:10.1097/00003246-199003000-00017.

[17] Cabot, Richard C.; Harris, Nancy Lee; Shepard, Jo-Anne O.; Rosenberg, Eric S.; Cort, Alice M.; Ebeling, Sally H.; Peters, Christine C.; MacÍas Konstantopoulos, Wendy; Burns Ewald, Michele. Case 22-2012. New England Journal of Medicine. 2012, 367 (3): 259. doi:10.1056/NEJMcpc1111580.

[18] Knapp, Fr. Zur Bildungsgeschichte des Brechweinsteins. Annalen der Pharmacie. 1839, 32: 76. doi:10.1002/jlac.18390320107.

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