電でん漿粒團だん

電でん漿粒團だん是ぜ一いち種しゅ將はた電でん漿和わ磁場じば連接れんせつ在ざい一いち起おこり的てき結構けっこう，並なみ曾經被ひ用もちい來らい解釋かいしゃく像ぞう是ぜ球たま閃電的てき自然しぜん現象げんしょう^[1]、在ざい磁層內的磁泡 ^[2]，和かず彗尾內的物體ぶったい,^[3]、在ざい太陽たいよう風ふう^[4]^[5]、在ざい太陽たいよう的てき大氣たいき層そう^[6]，和かず在ざい太陽たいよう圈けん電流でんりゅう片へん。在ざい實驗じっけん室しつ內製造せいぞう的てき電でん漿粒團だん包括ほうかつ逆轉ぎゃくてん磁場じば配置はいち、Spheromaks、和わ密集みっしゅう電でん漿焦點てん。

電でん漿粒團だん這個詞し彙是在ざい1956年ねん由ゆかりWinston H. Bostick (1916-1991)創造そうぞう的てき，它的意思いし是ぜ"電でん漿-磁場じば個體こたい"^[7]：

電でん漿的散發さんぱつ不ふ是ぜ無定形むていけい的てき一いち團だん，而是一いち種しゅ環たまき形がた曲面きょくめん的てき形式けいしき，我わが們將這個超ちょう環たまき面めん結構けっこう稱たたえ為ため電でん漿粒團だん，它的意思いし是ぜ電でん漿-磁場じば個體こたい。電でん漿粒團だん這個詞し彙將使用しよう於所有しょゆう的てき電でん漿-磁場じば個體こたい。

電でん漿粒團だん的てき特徵とくちょう

Bostick寫うつし道どう^[7]：

電でん漿粒團だん看み起おこり來らい是ぜ朝あさ著ちょ磁場じば方向ほうこう被ひ延長えんちょう的てき電でん漿圓柱ばしら體からだ，電でん漿粒團だん擁よう有可ゆか以測量的りょうてき磁矩、可か以測量的りょうてき平均へいきん速度そくど、一個橫斷的電場和可以測量的大小。電でん漿粒團だん彼此ひし之の間あいだ可か以有交互こうご作用さよう，它們的てき軌道きどう可能かのう也被互相的てき扭曲。電でん漿粒團だん如果被ひ拋出進入しんにゅう10⁻³mm汞柱壓力あつりょく的てき氣體きたい時じ，可か以被做成螺旋らせん狀じょう和わ停止ていし。電でん漿粒團だん也可能會のうかい互相摧毀成なり為ため碎片さいへん。但ただし沒ぼっ有ゆう足あし夠的證據しょうこ支持しじ它們會かい分裂ぶんれつ和わ旋轉せんてん的てき假說かせつ。

宇宙うちゅう論ろん的てき應用おうよう

Bostick嘗試將はた它的電でん漿粒團だん理論りろん應用おうよう在ざい天文てんもん物理ぶつり的てき現象げんしょう上じょう。他た在ざい1958年ねん發表はっぴょう的てき論文ろんぶん^[8]，應用おうよう電でん漿相似そうじ的てき轉換てんかん使用しよう電でん漿槍（密集みっしゅう電でん漿焦點てん裝置そうち）讓ゆずる一對電漿粒團槍互射，以這樣さま的てき交互こうご作用さよう模擬もぎ星ほし系けい形成けいせい的てき一いち種しゅ早期そうき模型もけい^[9]^[10]。

註解ちゅうかい

^ Silberg, Paul A., "Ball Lightning and Plasmoids", (1962) Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 67, p.4941
^ Hones, E. W., Jr., "The magnetotail - Its generation and dissipation", (1976) Physics of solar planetary environments; Proceedings of the International Symposium on Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Boulder, Colo., June 7-18, 1976. Volume 2.
^ Roosen, R. G.; Brandt, J. C., "Possible Detection of Colliding Plasmoids in the Tail of Comet Kohoutek" (1976), Study of Comets, Proceedings of IAU Colloq. 25, held in Greenbelt, MD, 28 October - 1 November, 1974. Edited by B. D. Donn, M. Mumma, W. Jackson, M. A'Hearn, and R. Harrington. National Aeronautics and Space Administration SP 393, 1976., p.378
^ Lemaire, J.; Roth, M., Differences between solar wind plasmoids and ideal magnetohydrodynamic filaments （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆） Planetary and Space Science, Volume 29, Issue 8, p. 843-849
^ Wang, S.; Lee, L. C.; Wei, C. Q.; Akasofu, S.-I., A mechanism for the formation of plasmoids and kink waves in the heliospheric current sheet (1988) Solar Physics (ISSN 0038-0938), vol. 117, no. 1, 1988, p. 157-169.
^ Cargill, P. J.; Pneuman, G. W., "The energy balance of plasmoids in the solar atmosphere" (1986), Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X), vol. 307, Aug. 15, 1986, p. 820-825.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Bostick, Winston H., "Experimental Study of Ionized Matter Projected across a Magnetic Field （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆）", (1956) Physical Review, vol. 104, Issue 2, pp. 292-299
^ Bostick, Winston H., "Possible Hydromagnetic Simulation of Cosmical Phenomena in the Laboratory （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆）" (1958) Cosmical Gas Dynamics, Proceedings from IAUえーゆー Symposium no. 8. Edited by Johannes Martinus Burgers and Richard Nelson Thomas. International Astronomical Union. Symposium no. 8, p. 1090
^ W. L. Laurence, "Physicist creates universe in a test tube," New York Times, p. 1, Dec. 12, 1956.
^ Bostick, W. H., "What laboratory-produced plasma structures can contribute to the understanding of cosmic structures both large and small" (1986) IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science (ISSN 0093-3813), vol. PS-14, Dec. 1986, p. 703-717.

參考さんこう資料しりょう

Bostick, W. H., "Experimental Study of Plasmoids （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆）", Electromagnetic Phenomena in Cosmical Physics, Proceedings from IAUえーゆー Symposium no. 6. Edited by Bo Lehnert. International Astronomical Union. Symposium no. 6, Cambridge University Press, p.87

參まいり閱

ADS Abstract references

[1] Silberg, Paul A., "Ball Lightning and Plasmoids", (1962) Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 67, p.4941

[2] Hones, E. W., Jr., "The magnetotail - Its generation and dissipation", (1976) Physics of solar planetary environments; Proceedings of the International Symposium on Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Boulder, Colo., June 7-18, 1976. Volume 2.

[3] Roosen, R. G.; Brandt, J. C., "Possible Detection of Colliding Plasmoids in the Tail of Comet Kohoutek" (1976), Study of Comets, Proceedings of IAU Colloq. 25, held in Greenbelt, MD, 28 October - 1 November, 1974. Edited by B. D. Donn, M. Mumma, W. Jackson, M. A'Hearn, and R. Harrington. National Aeronautics and Space Administration SP 393, 1976., p.378

[4] Lemaire, J.; Roth, M., Differences between solar wind plasmoids and ideal magnetohydrodynamic filaments （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆） Planetary and Space Science, Volume 29, Issue 8, p. 843-849

[5] Wang, S.; Lee, L. C.; Wei, C. Q.; Akasofu, S.-I., A mechanism for the formation of plasmoids and kink waves in the heliospheric current sheet (1988) Solar Physics (ISSN 0038-0938), vol. 117, no. 1, 1988, p. 157-169.

[6] Cargill, P. J.; Pneuman, G. W., "The energy balance of plasmoids in the solar atmosphere" (1986), Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X), vol. 307, Aug. 15, 1986, p. 820-825.

[bostick1956-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Bostick, Winston H., "Experimental Study of Ionized Matter Projected across a Magnetic Field （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆）", (1956) Physical Review, vol. 104, Issue 2, pp. 292-299

[8] Bostick, Winston H., "Possible Hydromagnetic Simulation of Cosmical Phenomena in the Laboratory （页面存そん档备份，存そん于互联网档案あん馆）" (1958) Cosmical Gas Dynamics, Proceedings from IAUえーゆー Symposium no. 8. Edited by Johannes Martinus Burgers and Richard Nelson Thomas. International Astronomical Union. Symposium no. 8, p. 1090

[9] W. L. Laurence, "Physicist creates universe in a test tube," New York Times, p. 1, Dec. 12, 1956.

[10] Bostick, W. H., "What laboratory-produced plasma structures can contribute to the understanding of cosmic structures both large and small" (1986) IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science (ISSN 0093-3813), vol. PS-14, Dec. 1986, p. 703-717.

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