Greenland
Kolinlan(格 陵 蘭 )[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]
Kolinlan(Kolinla a sowal:Kalaallit Nunaat; Tanmay a sowal:Grønland)o sakakay a kanatal itini i hekal, o kakahad i, ira2,166,086 km², mahaop a matahepo no so’eda ko 80% a sera. O sowal no Tanmay to “Kolinlan” hananay i, o “kandaway pala” anoca o “langsaway sera” , o ilaloma’ay no Tanmay Hontian-Kitakit a Niyah-pikowan a Kitakit. nikawrira, i 2008 mihecaan a Kapolongan-Pitopa malaheci i 2009 mihecaan a mafalic ko faco no kitakit malamisiieday to niyah-pikowan i lalomaan a demak, o kacacefelisan-demak ato roma a kitakti, o sofitay ato paysoan a demak o Tanmay sifo ko citodongay. O tatapangan a kitakit no Kolinla o Tanmay i 1973 miheca mikapot to kasasiromaroma a saopo no Yoropa, nikawrira, i 1982 mihecan a Kapolongan-Pitopa mihayi ko ‘alomanay i 1985 miheca a “Kakaketon no Kolinlan” to piliyas to Yoropa-Lekatep,orasaka tahanini cowa ko cefang no Yoropa-Lekatep, nikawrira, o siiked sanay a kapot no Yoropa-Patekoan Lekatep. O tamdaw no Kolinlan o tamdaw no Tanmay hananay ko pisa’osi, patokeled sa ira ko solongoc no Tamdaw no Yoropa-Lekatep. O Kolinlan matiya o Falo-kanatanatal, manga’ay a miocor to tosa a tamdaw mikapot to Kalomaocan no Tanmay kitakit.
O sera no kolinlan sahetoay itiraay i Saka’amisay-Poco’ no cikiw, ikakaay ko kasi’enaw. Malalaeday to riyar makakecor ato So’eda-Kanatal ato Kanata.
Kolinlan-Kanatal(Kalaallit Nunaat;Grønland) ira2,166,086 km², mahaop a matahepo no so’eda ko 80% a sera, itiraay i saka’amisan no sakawali no Ka
Amisay-Amirika, ila’eday no Ka’amisay So’edaan-Riyar ato Tasiyang.
O sa’osi i 2019 mihecaan ira ko 55,992 ko tamdaw, o kaditek no tamdaw 0.028 km².Mapangangan to Sakatosa-Karopaw ko Kolinlan, sakakaay ko kakahad no So’edaan-‘Alo a karopaw,dengan i ka’amisay ato kawali ato ka’etipay-poco’ ko cowa ka tahepo no so’eda, nawhani, fa’edetay ko romi’ad itini, orasaka, ira a masadak ko sera a manengneng. Ano waniken no mitahepoay a so’eda i sasifo’an wa ila’eno to ko sera. I sakawaliwalian no sasifo’an ko takaraway nani tongroh no riyar ira ko 3300 laya’, i salawacan nani tongroh no riyar ira ko 1000~2000 laya’. Ano ha’eminen a mikarkar ko so’eda no Kolinlan, masakanatanatal ko namangicngicay no So’eda-‘Alo,macakar to tongroh no riya to 7 laya’.
Rikisi(歷史 )[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]
O Yincomin no Kolinla o Yiniwto-tamdaw(
O nani cowaay ko tatapangan, mana tama han kona away to ko kaka a si’enaw a pala a maro’, tahanini away ho ko miketonan a sowal. O micowatay a tamdaw no Ka’amisay-Yoropa i 982 miheca macakat i So’eday-Kanatal, onian tamdaw mipatireng to tolo a kamaro’an i saktimolan no Kolinlan, tahanini ko aro’ itini.
O nipanganganan no Sekantinawiya-tamdaw, do’edoen ko Kawasan-kimad no Ka’amisay-Yoropa toya Saki-‘olic, oya kahengangay ko ngisngis ci Ayloyko cilafo to mipatayay to tamdaw sa milaliw nani So’eday-Kanatal a tayni. Pangangan han ningra to “Langdaway-sera” to sapisorotaw to ‘alomanay tamdaw a tayni. Tada malaheci kona nisafaloco’an ningra, ikor to ira ko 4000 a tamdaw tayni a mahaneknek maro’.
I saka 12 sici, mipatirengay to Sikyo-Etal ko Tinsikiw. 1386 miheca, ma’eco no Norwi, malamikowanan no toloay kitakit a Karma-Patatekoan Lekatep. Yo miliyas ko Roytin, tekop sato kona Lekatep, malanikowanan tono Tanmay-Roytin ko Kolinlan.
Ikor to no mapararid to 500 miheaan, lahedaw sa ko ko kamaro’an no Ka’amisay-Yoropa i saka 15 sici, latek matahepo no “mamangay so’edaan mihecaan”(
1814 miheca, ‘ecoen no Norwi ko awaay ko maro’ay i sakawalian no Kolinlan, lekal sa o “cowa ho ka aro’en no tamdaw a sera” (
I Sakatosa-Lalood, maketon ko katatongod no Kolinlan ato Tanmay, hawhani,ma’eco no Nacoi-Toic ko Tanmay, micawat ho to Norwi, tangsol sa ko sofitay no Ikiris ato Amirika miki’ayaw a maro’ i Kolinlan to sapitakeraw to kacakat no Toic.
O Kolinlan sato i,mikarkar i Yiwituto to talid(冰晶
Kaitiraan(地理 )[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]
O sakakaay i hekal ko Kolinla-Kanatal, ono karopaw-kanatal, itiraay i ka’amisan no sakawali no Ka’amisay-Amirika, ilaed no Ka;amisay-So’edaan Riyar ato Tasiyang-Riyar, malalaed ato Pafen-Kihaw ato Taywis-Riyaran Ta’eman makakecor ato ipoco’ay-kanatal no Kanata, isakawalian malalaed to Tanmay Riyaran-Ta’eman makakecor ato So’eday-Kanatal. Mapangangan to Sakatosa-Karopaw ko Kolinlan, nawhani, tadakakahaday kona pala. Latek mahaop ko sepat no kalilima itiraay i taliyok no Ka’amisay-Poco’ no cikiw, o sakakaay ko kasi’enaw no kakarayan. Edeng o Katimolay-Karopaw o Kolinlan ko sakakaay ko kakahad no hekal. Sahetoay matahepo no so’eda, mapangangan to Sakatosa-Karopaw ko Kolinlan, sakakaay ko kakahad no So’edaan-‘Alo a karopaw,dengan i ka’amisay ato kawali ato ka’etipay-poco’ ko cowa ka tahepo no so’eda, nawhani, fa’edetay ko romi’ad itini, orasaka, ira a masadak ko sera a manengneng. Ano waniken no mitahepoay a so’eda i sasifo’an wa ila’eno to ko sera. I sakawaliwalian no sasifo’an ko takaraway nani tongroh no riyar ira ko 3300 laya’, i salawacan nani tongroh no riyar ira ko 1000~2000 laya’. Ano ha’eminen a mikarkar ko so’eda no Kolinlan, masakanatanatal ko namangicngicay no So’eda-‘Alo(
I 1989 miheca tahira i 1993 nihecaan, o misasolapay a mikinkiw to kakarayan a tamdaw no Yoropa ato Amirika macakat tayra i poco’ no Kolinlan, karkaren nangra ko 3.2km a kakoc no so’eda, kinkiwen nangra ko laloma’an nona kakoc. O fali ilaloma’ cowa ka pakafilo a mita’esel to so’eda a masadak, o ikemoday a fali o sa’ayaway maparo i laloma’ a fali, oninian fali ko kafana’an to kakarayan no Saka’amisan-Karopaw i ‘ayaw ho no 10’ofad a mihecaan ko katelang, itini ko kafana’an to kakarayan no cikiw,halafin to ko katemenek i,fahal saan a mafalic ko kakarayan, to ikor pahinake heca, o rakat no riyar no Tasiyang-Riyar tada masiwar no salawacan no saka’amian no kawali no Kolinla.
Saka’orip(經濟 )[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]
I’ayaway sici saka 90 mihecahecaan, makedec ko dafong to saka’orip, nikawrira, ikor no 1993 miheca palaliyaw a macakat ko 'aca no maamaan dafong(
O pitieran to saka’orip nona kanatal o mifotingay ato misangaan nani foting a dafong, o li’etan nonin ikaka ko kahaop to 80%, ilaloma’ nonini o ‘afar ko sa’adihayay, iraay ko pipakaen to siri, nikawrira, o mi’acaan nani papotal ko sapakaen.
O tayal no pisalamaan no lafang o ranikaray a ci’etan a tayal konini, nikawrira masiwar no kakarayan a citolas ko tayal. Ono kitakit ato sifoan a kofa ko skakaay micorohay to sapili’etan. O payso no Kolinlan makalitosa o padahof no Tanmay sifo, o skakaay a payso no kapolongan mili’etanan.
Sici (政治 )[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]
Kacingangan aca no kitakit a kakeridan a sawara'an hongti no Danmrk, aniniay ci Margaret saka 2, Danmark sifo maocor ko cecay sakakaay citodongay (Rigsombudsmand/High Commissioner) taypiaw no Danmark hongti ato sifo. Greenland lomaocan o pisingkiwan, 4 miheca ko lekad, patireng to 31 lomaocay. Siikeday sifo a citodongay Greenlan congli o sa’alomanay a cefang ko kakeridan. Talacowa o Danmark a kitakit o Europe Lekatep, nakawrira o Greenland caay ko no Europe Lekatep. Greenland i 2008 miheca 11 folad 25 romi’ad mikapolongan pitopa, polong no kanatal 80 kasaniyaro’ kapolongan pitopa, toya lafii, mihapiw paheci, ira ko 71.96% mitopaay, 75.54% ko mihaydaay misiiked, 23.57% ko miliyangay. kapolongan pitopa mata’elif ko 75% ko finawlan micokeray ko pihayda, mahayda ko kapolongan pitopa, o kasiiked no Greenland nai 2009 miheca 6 folad 21 romi’ad pitekaan, mala o misiikeday so’elinay sici i kasakitakit a rikec, o niyah ko citodongay to laloma’an, sakiholic ato misalilam tokinaira a midemak, nikawrira o sapi’ading, kacacofelan a demak ato sakipayso a kalocalay a demak o Danmark ko mikowanay. I 2019 miheca 8 folad, midotoc to “Washington sinpon” paratoh, tatosaay a pakatengilay tamdaw to malacongtongay ci Downaer Trump paocor to tadamaanay mipadangay misapalita sakanga’ay no Amilika sifo mi’aca to Greenland. Ikor, itiraay i White House (Kohecalay loma’) a komong no kicay ci Larry Kudlow pahepinang tonian a sowal.
O kasasikiked a sakowan (行政 劃區)[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]
I ’ayaw malitoloay ko pisaliyad a da’etal no Greenland, 18 ko kasaniyaro’. Mahaenay a pisaliyad i 2009 miheca mapalasawaday, nanoya ikor a laliyad no Greenland ira ko pina a ta’akay maci (Greenland sowal: kommuneqarfiit, Danmark a sowal: kommuner): Semesok (halo tdamaci Nook ato pasawali a niyaro’), Cualek (Farwell pt. a liyok), Kekata (paka’amis no tadamaci fafaeday no Davis ’efong), Keketalik (Disco Bay liyok a niyaro’) ato Avannata (kaetip ka’amsay niyaro’ no Greenland). Saikoray tosaay a saniyaro’ o nano sepatay a niyaro’ a Kasuytrup i 2018 miheca malitosaay sakapot. Kawali ka’amisay no pala o caayay ko ptirengan a niyaro’ a kawali ka’amisay kitakit koing no Greenland. Thule a kaitiraan no karayan sofotay o caayay kanga’ay patirengan a niyaro’, o Avannata a maci a cecay kaeferan, sakidademaken o karayan sofitay no Amilika ko mikowanay. Oni a kaitiraan pipatireng sa’alomanay ira 12,000 ko finawlan no Amilika, nikawrira to pina miheca o itiniay tina kaitiraan pala malowanay to 1,000 tamdaw ko maro’ay.
Tamdaw(人口 )[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]
O kadadico no tamdaw tadamatakaray, o roma sato i makeror ko tamdaw itini. Nawhani, tadamasasiromaay ko kafalic no romi’ad ato dadaya, masiwar ko kalo’orip no tamdaw. ora saka o sakakaay ko katalawan to kaciadada no harenteng itini i hekal, orasaka, ikaka ko ka’adihay no kinapatayay.
O sa’osi no tamdaw:
56,370 ko polong a tamdaw(2013 miheca a sa’osi) mahaop ko 88% o Yiniwto-tamdaw(mahaop ko ko ciramramay to ‘irang a Yiniwto-tamdaw), o roma i, o mirocokay to ‘irang no Yoropa a maforaway tayni a tamdaw, o sakakaay o maforaway a Tanmay-tamdaw.ira ko pinapina a Kolinlan tamdaw maforaw tayra i Tanmay.
Ponka (文化 )[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]
O sakakaay a ponka no Kolinlan ono Yiniwto tamdaw,marecep no misasolapay a Wicin(維京
I saka 40 liyad a lomaocan no mama no krismas , mapahapinang ko o so’elinay a kasofocan no mama no krismas (
Tata’angay-Pitilidan mapatireng i 1987 miheca.
pacefaday tilid(註腳)[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]
格 陵 兰击败拉普 兰成为圣诞老人 故 乡. [2008-12-07]. (原始 內容存 檔於2008-12-13).
Pikafitan i papotal(外部 連接 )[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]
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格 陵 兰击败拉普 兰成为圣诞老人 故 乡. [2008-12-07]. (原始 內容存 檔於2008-12-13).