List of monarchs of Korea

Monarchs of Korea
Monarchs of Korea
Details
First monarch	Dangun (legendary)
Last monarch	Sunjong
Formation	2333 BC (legendary)
Abolition	29 August 1910
Residence	Varies according to dynasty, most recently Gyeongbok Palace in Seoul

This is a list of monarchs of Korea, arranged by dynasty. Names are romanized according to the South Korean Revised Romanization of Korean. McCune–Reischauer romanizations may be found at the articles about the individual monarchs.

Gojoseon

Gojoseon (2333 BC – 108 BC) was the first Korean kingdom. According to legend, it was founded by Dangun in 2333 BC.^[1]

Bronze Age archaeological evidence of Gojoseon culture is found in northern Korea and Liaoning. By the 9th to 4th century BC, various historical and archaeological evidence shows Gojoseon was a flourishing state and a self-declared kingdom.

Both Dangun and Gija are believed to be mythological figures, but recent findings suggest and theorize that since Gojoseon was a kingdom with artifacts dating back to the 4th millennium BC, Dangun and Gija may have been royal or imperial titles used for the monarchs of Gojoseon, hence the use of Dangun for 1900 years.^[2]

Earliest mythological rulers

Dangun Joseon
#	Portrait	Name		Period of reign
#	Portrait	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja	Period of reign
1		Dangun Wanggeom	단군왕검 (檀まゆみ君王くんのう儉)	2333(?) – ? BC
Gija Joseon
#	Portrait	Name		Period of reign
#	Portrait	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja	Period of reign
1		Gija	기자 (箕み子こ)	1122(?) – ? BC

Historical rulers

Gojoseon
#	Portrait	Name		Period of reign
#	Portrait	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja	Period of reign
?		Unknown ruler	Unknown	4th century BC
	···	···	···	···
?		King Bu	부왕 (否いや王おう)	232–220 BC
?		King Jun	준왕 (準じゅん王おう)	220–195 BC
Wiman Joseon
#	Portrait	Name		Period of reign
#	Portrait	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja	Period of reign
1		Wi Man	위만 (衛まもる滿まん)	194–? BC
2		Unknown (Son of Wi Man)	Unknown	?–?
3		King Ugeo	우거왕 (右みぎ渠みぞ王おう)	?–108 BC

Buyeo

Buyeo (c. 2nd century BC – 494 AD) ruled in modern-day Northeast China. Although records are sparse and contradictory, it is speculated that in the 1st century BC, Eastern Buyeo branched out, after which the original Buyeo is sometimes referred to as Northern Buyeo. Its remnants were absorbed by the neighboring and brotherhood kingdom of Goguryeo in 494.

Early Eastern Buyeo

#	Portrait	Personal names		Period of reign
#	Portrait	Westernized	Hangul/Hanhan	Period of reign
1		Hae Buru	해부루 (解かい夫おっと婁)	?–? BC
2		Hae Geumwa	해금와 (解かい金きん蛙かえる)	48–20 BC
3		Hae Daeso	해대소 (解かい臺だい素もと)	20 BC – 22 AD

Galsa Buyeo

#	Portrait	Name		Period of reign
#	Portrait	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja	Period of reign
1		Founder of Galsa	갈사왕 (曷思王おう)	21–?
?		Hae Dodu	해도두 (解かい都と頭あたま)	?–68

Later Northern Buyeo

#	Portrait	Name		Period of reign	Comment
#	Portrait	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja	Period of reign	Comment
?		Butae	부태왕 (夫おっと台だい王おう)	?–?, 2nd century	He invaded Xuantu Commandery,but was defeated with a huge loss.^[3]
	···	···	···	···
?		Wigutae	위구태왕 (慰仇太たい王おう)	?–?, 2nd century	Married with Gongsun clan.^[4]
?		Ganwigeo	간위거왕 (簡位居きょ王おう)	?–?, 3rd century	He only had illegitimate son Maryeo.^[5]
?		Maryeo	마려왕 (麻あさ余あまり王おう)	?–?, 3rd century	Wigeo holding the post of Daesa led state affairs.Paid tribute to Wei.^[6]
	···	···	···	···
?		Uiryeo	의려왕 (依よ慮おもんばか王おう)	?–285	Rose to the throne at the age of six. Committed suicide after a huge defeat after a battle with the Xianbei.^[7]
?		Uira	의라왕 (依よ羅ら王おう)	286–?	Exiled to Okjeo. Restored old territory after getting help from Jin.^[8]
	···	···	···	···
?		Hyeon	현왕 (玄げん王おう)	?–346
?		Yeoul	여울왕 (餘よ蔚王)	?–384
	···	···	···	···
?		Jan	잔 (孱)	?–494

Goguryeo

Goguryeo (37 BC – 668 AD) was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. Goguryeo rulers may have used the title of Taewang (太ふとし王おう, "Greatest King").

#	Portrait	Personal names^[a]^[b]		Period of reign	Posthumous name^[c]
#	Portrait	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja	Period of reign	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja
1		Go Jumong Go Chumo Go Sanghae	고주몽 (高こう朱蒙チュモン) 고추모 (高こう鄒牟) 고상해 (高こう象ぞう解かい)	37–19 BC	Chumoseong ^[d] Dongmyeong Dongmyeongseong	추모성왕 (鄒牟聖王せいおう) 동명왕 (東ひがし明王みょうおう) 동명성왕 (東明とうめい聖王せいおう)
2		Hae Yuri Hae Yuryu Hae Nuri	해유리 (解かい琉璃) 해유류 (解かい孺留) 해누리 (解かい類るい利り)	19 BC – 18 AD	Yuri^[e] Yurimyeong	유리왕 (琉璃王おう) 유리명왕 (琉璃明王みょうおう)
3		Hae Muhyul	해무휼 (解かい無む恤)	18–44	Daemusin Daehaejuryu	대무신왕 (大だい武神ぶしん王おう) 대해주류왕 (大だい解かい朱しゅ留とめ王おう)
4		Hae Saekju	해색주 (解かい色しょく朱しゅ)	44–48	Minjung	민중왕 (閔中王おう)
5		Hae U Hae Aeru Hae Mangnae	해우 (解かい憂ゆう) 해애루 (解かい愛あい婁) 해막래 (解かい莫來)	48–53	Mobon	모본왕 (慕本王おう)
6		Go Gung Go Eosu	고궁 (高宮たかみや) 고어수 (高こう於漱)	53–146^[f]	Taejo [the Great] Gukjo	태조[대]왕 (太ふとし祖そ[大だい]王おう) 국조왕 (國くに祖そ王おう)
7		Go Suseong	고수성 (高こう遂とげ成なり)	146–165	Chadae	차대왕 (次つぎ大王だいおう)
8		Go Baekgo Go Baekgu	고백고 (高こう伯はく固かた) 고백구 (高こう伯はく句く)	165–179	Sindae	신대왕 (新しん大王だいおう)
9		Go Nam-mu	고남무 (高男たかお武たけ)	179–197	Gogukcheon Gukyang	고국천왕 (故こ國川こくがわ王おう) 국양왕 (國くに襄じょう王おう)
10		Go Yeon-u Go Iimo	고연우 (高こう延のべ優ゆう) 고이이모 (高こう伊い夷えびす謨)	197–227	Sansang	산상왕 (山上さんじょう王おう)
11		Go Uwigeo Go Wigung Go Gyoche	고우위거 (高こう憂ゆう位い居きょ) 고위궁 (高位こうい宮みや) 고교체 (高こう郊彘)	227–248	Dongcheon Dongyang	동천왕 (東川ひがしがわ王おう) 동양왕 (東あずま襄じょう王おう)
12		Go Yeonbul	고연불 (高こう然しか弗どる)	248–270	Jungcheon Jungyang	중천왕 (中川なかがわ王おう) 중양왕 (中なか襄じょう王おう)
13		Go Yangno Go Yagu	고약로 (高こう藥くすり盧の) 고약우 (高こう若わか友とも)	270–292	Seocheon Seoyang	서천왕 (西川にしかわ王おう) 서양왕 (西にし襄じょう王おう)
14		Go Sangbu Go Sapsiru	고상부 (高こう相しょう夫おっと) 고삽시루 (高こう歃矢婁)	292–300	Bongsang Chigal	봉상왕 (烽上王おう) 치갈왕 (雉葛王おう)
15		Go Eulbul Go Ubul	고을불 (高こう乙おつ弗どる) 고우불 (高こう憂ゆう弗どる)	300–331	Micheon Hoyang	미천왕 (美川みかわ王おう) 호양왕 (好こう壤王)
16		Go Sayu Go Yu Go Soe	고사유 (高こう斯由) 고유 (高こう劉りゅう) 고쇠 (高こう釗)	331–371	Gogugwon	고국원왕 (故こ國原くにはら王おう)
17		Go Gubu	고구부 (高丘たかおか夫おっと)	371–384	Sosurim	소수림왕 (小しょう獸しし林りん王おう)
18		Go Yiryeon Go Eojiji	고이련 (高こう伊い連れん) 고어지지 (高こう於只支ささえ)	384–391	Gogugyang	고국양왕 (故國ここく壤王)
19		Go Damdeok	고담덕 (高談こうだん德とく)	391–413	Gwanggaeto	광개토왕 (廣開土王こうかいどおう)
20		Go Georyeon Go Yeon	고거련 (高こう巨きょ連れん) 고연 (高こう璉)	413–491	Jangsu	장수왕 (長壽ちょうじゅ王おう)
21		Go Na-un Go Un	고나운 (高こう羅ら雲くも) 고운 (高こう雲くも)	491–519	Munjamyeong	문자명왕 (文ぶん咨明王おう)
22		Go Heung-an Go An	고흥안 (高こう興きょう安やす) 고안 (高安たかやす)	519–531	Anjang	안장왕 (安藏あぞう王おう)
23		Go Boyeon Go Yeon	고보연 (高こう寶たから延のべ) 고연 (高こう延のべ)	531–545	Anwon	안원왕 (安原やすはら王おう)
24		Go Pyeongseong	고평성 (高こう平成へいせい)	545–559	Yangwon Yanggang	양원왕 (陽ひ原ばら王おう) 양강왕 (陽ひ崗王)
25		Go Yangseong Go Yang Go Tang	고양성 (高こう陽成ようぜい) 고양 (高こう陽よう) 고탕 (高こう湯ゆ)	559–590	Pyeongwon Pyeonggang	평원왕 (平原へいげん王おう) 평강왕(平岡ひらおか王おう)
26		Go Won	고원 (高こう元はじめ)	590–618	Yeongyang Pyeongyang	영양왕 (嬰陽王おう) 평양왕 (平ひら陽ひ王おう)
27		Go Geonmu Go Mu Go Seong	고건무 (高こう建たて武たけし) 고무 (高こう武たけし) 고성 (高成たかなり)	618–642	Yeongnyu	영류왕 (榮さかえ留とめ王おう)
28		Go Bojang Go Jang	고보장 (高こう寶藏ほうぞう) 고장 (高藏たかぞう)	642–668	None	None

Baekje

Baekje (18 BC – 660 AD) was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. Temple names were the same as personal names, unless noted otherwise.

#	Portrait	Personal names		Period of reign	Posthumous name
#	Portrait	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja	Period of reign	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja
1		Buyeo Onjo	부여온조 (扶餘溫ゆたか祚)	18 BC – 28 AD	Onjo	온조왕 (溫ゆたか祚王)
2		Buyeo Daru	부여다루 (扶餘多た婁)	28–77	Daru	다루왕 (多た婁王)
3		Buyeo Giru	부여기루 (扶餘己おのれ婁)	77–128	Giru	기루왕 (己おのれ婁王)
4		Buyeo Gaeru	부여개루 (扶餘蓋ぶた婁)	128–166	Gaeru	개루왕 (蓋ぶた婁王)
5		Buyeo Chogo Buyeo Sogo Buyeo Sokgo	부여초고 (扶餘肖あやか古いにしえ) 부여소고 (扶餘素もと古いにしえ) 부여속고 (扶餘速そく古いにしえ)	166–214	Chogo Sogo Sokgo	초고왕 (肖あやか古こ王おう) 소고왕 (素もと古いにしえ王おう) 속고왕 (速はや古こ王おう)
6		Buyeo Gusu Buyeo Guisu	부여구수 (扶餘仇かたき首くび) 부여귀수 (扶餘貴き須)	214–234	Gusu Guisu	구수왕 (仇かたき首くび王おう) 귀수왕 (貴き須王)
7		Buyeo Saban Buyeo Sabi Buyeo Sai	부여사반 (扶餘沙すな泮) 부여사비 (扶餘沙すな沸にえ) 부여사이 (扶餘沙すな伊い)	234	Saban Sabi Sai	사반왕 (沙すな泮王) 사비왕 (沙すな沸にえ王おう) 사이왕 (沙すな伊い王おう)
8		Buyeo Goi Buyeo Gui Buyeo Gomo	부여고이 (扶餘古こ爾なんじ) 부여구이 (扶餘久ひさ爾なんじ) 부여고모 (扶餘古こ慕)	234–286	Goi Gui Gomo	고이왕 (古こ爾なんじ王おう) 구이왕 (久ひさ爾なんじ王おう) 고모왕 (古こ慕王)
9		Buyeo Chaekgye Buyeo Cheonggye	부여책계 (扶餘責せめ稽) 부여청계 (扶餘靑あお稽)	286–298	Chaekgye Cheonggye	책계왕 (責せめ稽王) 청계왕 (靑あお稽王)
10		Buyeo Bunseo	부여분서 (扶餘汾西)	298–304	Bunseo	분서왕 (汾西王おう)
11		Buyeo Biryu	부여비류 (扶餘比ひ流りゅう)	304–344	Biryu	비류왕 (比ひ流りゅう王おう)
12		Buyeo Gye	부여계 (扶餘契ちぎり)	344–346	Gye	계왕 (契ちぎり王おう)
13		Buyeo Gu	부여구 (扶餘句く)	346–375	Geunchogo Chogo Sokgo Jogo	근초고왕 (近きん肖あやか古こ王おう) 초고왕 (肖あやか古こ王おう) 속고왕 (速はや古こ王おう) 조고왕 (照あきら古こ王おう)
14		Buyeo Su	부여수 (扶餘須)	375–384	Geun-gusu Geun-guisu Guisu Guiryu Guso	근구수왕 (近きん仇かたき首くび王おう) 근귀수왕 (近きん貴き首くび王おう) 귀수왕 (貴き首くび王おう) 귀류왕 (貴たか流りゅう王おう) 구소왕 (久ひさ素もと王おう)
15		Buyeo Chimnyu	부여침류 (扶餘枕まくら流りゅう)	384–385	Chimnyu	침류왕 (枕まくら流りゅう王おう)
16		Buyeo Jinsa Buyeo Hwi	부여진사 (扶餘辰たつ斯) 부여휘 (扶餘暉あきら)	385–392	Jinsa	진사왕 (辰たつ斯王)
17		Buyeo Asin Buyeo Abang Buyeo Ahwa Buyeo Ami	부여아신 (扶餘阿おもね莘) 부여아방 (扶餘阿おもね芳かおる) 부여아화 (扶餘阿おもね花はな) 부여아미 (扶餘阿おもね美よし)	392–405	Asin Abang Ahwa Ami	아신왕 (阿おもね莘王) 아방왕 (阿おもね芳よし王おう) 아화왕 (阿おもね花王かおう) 아미왕 (阿おもね美び王おう)
18		Buyeo Yeong Buyeo Jeon	부여영 (扶餘映うつ) 부여전 (扶餘腆)	405–420	Jeonji Jikji Jinji	전지왕 (腆支王おう) 직지왕 (直ちょく支ささえ王おう) 진지왕 (眞ま支ささえ王おう)
19		Unknown	Unknown	420–427	Gu-isin	구이신왕 (久ひさ爾なんじ辛からし王おう)
20		Buyeo Biyu Buyeo Bi	부여비유 (扶餘毗有) 부여비 (扶餘毗)	427–455	Biyu Piryu	비유왕 (毗有王おう) 피류왕 (避流王おう)
21		Buyeo Gyeong Buyeo Gyeongsa	부여경 (扶餘慶よけい) 부여경사 (扶餘慶よけい司し)	455–475	Gaero Geun-gaeru	개로왕 (蓋ぶた鹵王) 근개루왕 (近きん蓋ぶた婁王)
22		Buyeo Do Buyeo Modo	부여도 (扶餘都と) 부여모도 (扶餘牟都)	475–477	Munju	문주왕 (文ぶん周しゅう王おう)
23		Buyeo Samgeun Buyeo Samgeol Buyeo Imgeol	부여삼근 (扶餘三さん斤きん) 부여삼걸 (扶餘三さん乞) 부여임걸 (扶餘壬みずのえ乞)	477–479	Samgeun Mun-geun	삼근왕 (三さん斤きん王おう) 문근왕 (文ぶん斤きん王おう)
24		Buyeo Modae Buyeo Dae Buyeo Mamo Buyeo Malda	부여모대 (扶餘牟大) 부여대 (扶餘大だい) 부여마모 (扶餘摩ま牟) 부여말다 (扶餘末まつ多た)	479–501	Dongseong Malda	동성왕 (東城とうじょう王おう) 말다왕 (末まつ多た王おう)
25		Buyeo Sama Buyeo Yung	부여사마 (扶餘斯摩) 부여융 (扶餘隆たかし)	501–523	Muryeong Sama	무령왕 (武たけ寧やすし王おう) 사마왕 (斯摩王おう)
26		Buyeo Myeongnong Buyeo Myeong	부여명농 (扶餘明あかり禯) 부여명 (扶餘明あきら)	523–554	Seong Myeong Seongmyeong	성왕 (聖王せいおう) 명왕 (明王みょうおう) 성명왕 (聖せい明王みょうおう)
27		Buyeo Chang	부여창 (扶餘昌あきら)	554–598	Wideok Chang	위덕왕 (威德いとく王おう) 창왕 (昌あきら王おう)
28		Buyeo Gye	부여계 (扶餘季き)	598–599	Hye Heon	혜왕 (惠めぐみ王おう) 헌왕 (獻けんじ王おう)
29		Buyeo Seon Buyeo Hyosun	부여선 (扶餘宣せん) 부여효순 (扶餘孝こう順じゅん)	599–600	Beop	법왕 (法王ほうおう)
30		Buyeo Jang Buyeo Seodong	부여장 (扶餘璋あきら) 부여서동 (扶餘薯いも童わらわ)	600–641	Mu Mugang Mugwang	무왕 (武たけ王おう) 무강왕 (武たけ康やすし王おう) 무광왕 (武廣たけひろ王おう)
31		Buyeo Uija	부여의자 (扶餘義ぎ慈)	641–660	None	None
(32)		Buyeo Pung Buyeo Pungjang	부여풍 (扶餘豊ゆたか) 부여풍장 (扶餘豊ゆたか璋あきら)	660–663	None	None

Silla

Silla (57 BC – 935 AD) was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. In the early years, Silla was ruled by the Pak, Seok, and Kim families. Rulers of Silla had various titles, including Isageum, Maripgan, and Daewang. Like some Baekje kings, some declared themselves emperor.

Hyeokgeose Geoseogan 혁거세 거서간 赫居世よ居きょ西にし干ひ (57 BC – 4 AD)
Namhae Chachaung 남해 차차웅 南みなみ解かい次次つぎつぎ雄ゆう (4–24)
Yuri Isageum 유리이사금 儒理尼あま師し今いま (24–57) (Kings Yuri to Heurhae bore the Korean title Isageum, an old word for "ruler")
Talhae Isageum 탈해이사금 脫だつ解かい尼あま師し今いま (57–80)
Pasa Isageum 파사이사금 婆ばば娑しゃば尼あま師し今いま (80–112)
Jima Isageum 지마이사금 祇摩尼あま師し今いま (112–134)
Ilseong Isageum 일성이사금 逸はぐれ聖せい尼あま師し今いま (134–154)
Adalla Isageum 아달라이사금 阿達あだち羅ら尼に師し今いま (154–184)
Beolhyu Isageum 벌휴이사금 伐き休きゅう尼あま師し今いま (184–196)
Naehae Isageum 내해이사금 奈解尼あま師し今いま (196–230)
Jobun Isageum 조분이사금 助じょ賁尼師し今いま (230–247)
Cheomhae Isageum 첨해이사금 沾解尼あま師し今いま (247–261)
Michu Isageum 미추이사금 味あじ鄒尼師し今いま (262–284)
Yurye Isageum 유례이사금 儒禮尼あま師し今いま (284–298)
Girim Isageum 기림이사금 基もと臨尼師し今いま (298–310)
Heulhae Isageum 흘해이사금 訖解尼あま師し今いま (310–356)
Naemul Maripgan 내물마립간 奈勿麻あさ立りつ干ひ (356–402) (Kings Naemul to Soji bore the Korean title Maripgan, an old word for "ruler")
Silseong Maripgan 실성마립간 實じつ聖ひじり麻あさ立たて干ひ (402–417)
Nulji Maripgan 눌지마립간 訥祇麻あさ立りつ干ひ (417–458)
Jabi Maripgan 자비마립간 慈悲じひ麻あさ立りつ干ひ (458–479)
Soji Maripgan 소지마립간 炤知麻あさ立りつ干ひ (479–500)
King Jijeung 지증왕 智さとし證しょう王おう (500–514) (Kings Jijeung to Gyeongsun bore the title Wang (the modern Korean word for "king"), with the exceptions noted below)
King Beopheung 법흥왕 法ほう興きょう王おう (514–540)
King Jinheung 진흥왕 眞ま興きょう王おう (540–576)
King Jinji 진지왕 眞智まち王おう (576–579)
King Jinpyeong 진평왕 眞平まっぴら王おう (579–632)
Queen Seondeok 선덕여왕 善德ぜんとく王おう (632–647)
Queen Jindeok 진덕여왕 眞ま德王とくおう (647–654)
King Taejong Muyeol 태종무열왕 太ふとし宗そう武たけ烈れつ王おう (654–661)
King Munmu 문무왕 文武ぶんぶ王おう (661–681)
King Sinmun 신문왕 神文しんもん王おう (681–692)
King Hyoso 효소왕 孝昭たかあき王おう (692–702)
King Seongdeok 성덕왕 聖德せいとく王おう (702–737)
King Hyoseong 효성왕 孝こう成なり王おう (737–742)
King Gyeongdeok 경덕왕 景けい德王とくおう (742–765)
King Hyegong 혜공왕 惠めぐみ恭きょう王おう (765–780)
King Seondeok 선덕왕 宣せん德王とくおう (780–785)
King Wonseong 원성왕 元もと聖王せいおう (785–798)
King Soseong 소성왕 昭あきら聖王せいおう (798–800)
King Aejang 애장왕 哀あい莊そう王おう (800–809)
King Heondeok 헌덕왕 憲けん德王とくおう (809–826)
King Heungdeok 흥덕왕 興おき德王とくおう (826–836)
King Huigang 희강왕 僖康王おう (836–838)
King Minae 민애왕 閔哀王おう (838–839)
King Sinmu 신무왕 神武じんむ王おう (839)
King Munseong 문성왕 文ぶん聖王せいおう (839–857)
King Heonan 헌안왕 憲けん安王やすおう (857–861)
King Gyeongmun 경문왕 景けい文ぶん王おう (861–875)
King Heongang 헌강왕 憲康のりやす王おう (875–886)
King Jeonggang 정강왕 定てい康やすし王おう (886–887)
Queen Jinseong 진성여왕 眞ま聖王せいおう (887–897)
King Hyogong 효공왕 孝こう恭きょう王おう (897–912)
King Sindeok 신덕왕 神德しんとく王おう (912–917)
King Gyeongmyeong 경명왕 景けい明王みょうおう (917–924)
King Gyeongae 경애왕 景けい哀あい王おう (924–927)
King Gyeongsun 경순왕 敬けい順じゅん王おう (927–935)

Gaya confederacy

The Gaya confederacy (42–562) consisted of several small statelets. All rulers of Gaya bore the title Wang ("King").

Geumgwan Gaya

Geumgwan Gaya (42–532) was one of the Gaya confederacy.

#	Portrait	Name		Period of reign^[9]
#	Portrait	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja	Period of reign^[9]
1		Suro	수로왕 (首くび露ろ王おう)	42–199
2		Geodeung	거등왕 (居きょ登とう王おう)	199–259
3		Mapum	마품왕 (麻あさ品ひん王おう)	259–291
4		Geojilmi	거질미왕 (居い叱しか彌わたる王おう)	291–346
5		Isipum	이시품왕 (伊い尸しかばね品ひん王おう)	346–407
6		Jwaji	좌지왕 (坐すわ知ち王おう)	407–421
7		Chwihui	취희왕 (吹希王おう)	421–451
8		Jilji	질지왕 (銍知王おう)	451–492
9		Gyeomji	겸지왕 (鉗知王おう)	492–521
10		Guhyeong	구형왕 (仇かたき衡王)	521–532

Daegaya

Daegaya (42–562) was one of the Gaya confederacy.

#	Portrait	Name		Period of reign
#	Portrait	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja	Period of reign
1		Ijinasi	이진아시왕 (伊い珍ちん阿おもね豉王)	42 AD–?
	···	···	···	···
3 or 4		Geumnim	금림왕 (錦にしき林りん王おう)	?–?
	···	···	···	···
Unknown		Haji	하지왕 (荷に知ち王おう)	?–?
	···	···	···	···
6 or 7		Gasil	가실왕 (嘉よしみ悉王 or 嘉よしみ實じつ王おう)	?–?
	···	···	···	···
9		Inoe	이뇌왕 (異い腦のう王おう)	?–?
10 or 16		Wolgwang or Doseolji	월광태자 (月光げっこう太子たいし) or 도설지왕 (道みち設しつらえ智さとし王おう)	?–562

Tamna

Tamna (2337 BC(?)–938 AD) was an ancient local kingdom on the Jeju Island.

Balhae

Balhae (698–926) was an ancient Korean kingdom established after the fall of Goguryeo. Balhae occupied southern parts of Northeast China, Primorsky Krai, and the northern part of the Korean peninsula.

#	Portrait	Personal name		Period of reign	Posthumous name (諡號しごう)		Era name (年號ねんごう)
#	Portrait	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja	Period of reign	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja
1		Dae Jo-yeong	대조영 (大だい祚榮)	698–719	Go	고왕 (高こう王おう)	None	None
2		Dae Mu-ye	대무예 (大だい武藝ぶげい)	719–737	Mu	무왕 (武たけ王おう)	Inan	인안 (仁じん安やす)
3		Dae Heum-mu	대흠무 (大だい欽茂)	737–793	Mun	문왕 (文ぶん王おう)	Daeheung Boryeok	대흥 (大だい興きょう) 보력 (寶たから曆れき)
4		Dae Won-ui	대원의 (大だい元義もとよし)	793	None	None	None	None
5		Dae Hwa-yeo	대화여 (大だい華はな璵)	793–794	Seong	성왕 (成なり王おう)	Jungheung	중흥 (中興ちゅうこう)
6		Dae Sung-rin	대숭린 (大だい嵩かさ璘)	794–809	Gang	강왕 (康かん王おう)	Jeongryeok	정력 (正せい曆こよみ)
7		Dae Won-yu	대원유 (大元おおもと瑜)	809–812	Jeong	정왕 (定じょう王おう)	Yeongdeok	영덕 (永えい德いさお)
8		Dae Eon-ui	대언의 (大言たいげん義ぎ)	812–817?	Hui	희왕 (僖王)	Jujak	주작 (朱雀すじゃく)
9		Dae Myeong-chung	대명충 (大明だいめい忠ちゅう)	817?–818?	Gan	간왕 (簡王)	Taesi	태시 (太ふとし始はじめ)
10		Dae In-su	대인수 (大仁おおひと秀しげる)	818?–830	Seon	선왕 (宣せん王おう)	Geonheung	건흥 (建けん興きょう)
11		Dae Ijin	대이진 (大だい彝つね震しん)	830–857	Unknown	Unknown	Hamhwa	함화 (咸和)
12		Dae Geonhwang	대건황 (大だい虔けん晃あきら)	857–871	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown
13		Dae Hyeonseok	대현석 (大だい玄げん錫すず)	871–895	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown
14		Dae Wihae	대위해 (大だい瑋瑎)	895–906	None	None	Unknown	Unknown
15		Dae Inseon	대인선 (大だい諲譔)	906–926	None	None	Unknown	Unknown

Later Baekje

Later Baekje (900–936) was founded by Kyŏn Hwŏn, who was a general during Later Silla's period of decline. Thus began the Later Three Kingdoms period. Later Baekje met its downfall at the hands of Kyŏn Hwŏn himself, who later led the Goryeo armies alongside Taejo of Goryeo to capture Kyŏn Sin-gŏm, who had betrayed his father, Kyŏn Hwŏn, and usurped the throne.

#	Portrait	Personal name		Period of reign
#	Portrait	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja	Period of reign
1		Kyŏn Hwŏn	견훤 (甄萱)	900–935
2		Kyŏn Sin-gŏm	견신검 (甄神劍しんけん)	935–936

Later Goguryeo

Taebong (901–918), also known as Majin or Later Goguryeo, was established by Gung-ye, an outcast prince of Silla. Gung-Ye joined General Yang Gil's rebellion, and rose through the ranks. He eventually assassinated Yang-Gil and established a new kingdom, naming it Later Goguryeo. Gung-Ye turned out to be a tyrant, and was overthrown by his generals, opening the way for General Wang Geon, who established Goryeo.

#	Portrait	Personal name		Period of reign	Era name (年號ねんごう)
#	Portrait	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja	Period of reign	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja
1		Gung-ye	궁예 (弓ゆみ裔)	901–918	Mutae Seongchaek Sudeok-Manse Jeong-gae	무태 (武たけ泰やすし) 성책 (聖せい冊さつ) 수덕만세 (水みず德とく萬まん歲さい) 정개 (政せい開ひらく)

Goryeo dynasty

Goryeo (918–1392) was ruled by the Wang Dynasty. The first ruler had the temple name Taejo, which means "great progenitor", and was applied to the first kings of both Goryeo and Joseon, as they were also the founders of the Wang and Yi Dynasties respectively. Starting with Gwangjong, rulers of Goryeo styled themselves emperors, with the first three rulers elevated to that title posthumously. With the Mongol conquest, however, the title of the ruler was demoted to a king, or "Wang."

The next twenty-three kings (until Wonjong) are also referred to by their temple names, ending in jong. Beginning with Chungnyeol (the twenty-fifth king), all the remaining kings of Goryeo had the title Wang ("King") as part of their temple names. Era names are in bracket where available.

#	Portrait	Personal name		Period of reign	Courtesy name (C)/ Mongol name (M) / Pseudonym (Ps)		Temple name (廟びょう號ごう) (T) / Posthumous name (諡號しごう) (P) / Posthumous name given by Mongols (MP)		Era name (年號ねんごう)
#	Portrait	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja	Period of reign	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja
1		Wang Geon	왕건 (王おう建けん)	918–943	Yakcheon (C)	약천 (若わか天てん, C)	Taejo (T) Sinseong (P)	태조 (太ふとし祖そ, T) 신성 (神聖しんせい, P)	Cheonsu	천수 (天授てんじゅ)
2		Wang Mu	왕무 (王おう武たけし)	943–945	Sunggeon (C)	승건 (承うけたまわ乾ひ, C)	Hyejong Uigong (P)	혜종 (惠めぐみ宗そう, T) 의공 (義よし恭きょう, P)
3		Wang Yo	왕요 (王おう堯)	945–949	Uicheon (C)	의천 (義よし天てん, C)	Jeongjong (T) Munmyeong (P)	정종 (定宗さだむね, T) 문명 (文明ぶんめい, P)
4		Wang So	왕소 (王おう昭あきら)	949–975	Ilhwa (C)	일화 (日にち華はな, C)	Gwangjong (T) Daesung (P)	광종 (光ひかり宗むね, T) 대성 (大成たいせい, P)	Gwangdeok Junpung	광덕 (光德みつのり) 준풍 (峻たかし豊ゆたか)
5		Wang Ju	왕주 (王おう伷)	975–981	Jangmin (C)	장민 (長ちょう民みん, C)	Gyeongjong (T) Heonhwa (P)	경종 (景けい宗むね, T) 헌화 (獻けんじ和わ, P)
6		Wang Chi	왕치 (王おう治おさむ)	981–997	On-go (C)	온고 (溫ゆたか古いにしえ, C)	Seongjong (T) Munui (P)	성종 (成なり宗むね, T) 문의 (文ぶん懿, P)
7		Wang Song	왕송 (王おう訟)	997–1009	Hyosin (C)	효신 (孝こう伸しん, C)	Mokjong (T) Seonyang (P)	목종 (穆きよし宗そう, T) 선양 (宣せん讓ゆずる, P)
8		Wang Sun	왕순 (王おう詢)	1009–1031	Anse (C)	안세 (安世やすよ, C)	Hyeonjong (T) Wonmun (P)	현종 (顯宗けんそう, T) 원문 (元もと文ぶん, P)
9		Wang Heum	왕흠 (王おう欽)	1031–1034	Wonryang (C)	원량 (元良もとら, C)	Deokjong (T) Gyeonggang (P)	덕종 (德とく宗むね, T) 경강 (敬たかし康やすし, P)
10		Wang Hyeong	왕형 (王おう亨とおる)	1034–1046	Sinjo (C)	신조 (申さる照あきら, C)	Jeongjong (T) Yonghye (P)	정종 (靖やすし宗そう, T) 용혜 (容よう惠めぐみ, P)
11		Wang Hwi	왕휘 (王おう徽)	1046–1083	Chok-yu (C)	촉유 (燭しょく幽かそけ, C)	Munjong (T) Inhyo (P)	문종 (文ぶん宗むね, T) 인효 (仁孝にんこう, P)
12		Wang Hun	왕훈 (王おう勳いさお)	1083	Uigong (C)	의공 (義よし恭きょう, C)	Sunjong (T) Seonhye (P)	순종 (順じゅん宗むね, T) 선혜 (宣せん惠めぐみ, P)
13		Wang Un	왕운 (王おう運はこぶ)	1083–1094	Gyecheon (C)	계천 (繼つぎ天てん, C)	Seonjong (T) Sahyo (P)	선종 (宣せん宗むね, T) 사효 (思おもえ孝こう, P)
14		Wang Uk	왕욱 (王おう昱)	1094–1095	None	None	Heonjong (T) Hoehyo (P)	헌종 (獻けんじ宗むね, T) 공상 (恭きょう殤, P)
15		Wang Ong	왕옹 (王おう顒)	1095–1105	Cheonsang (C)	천상 (天てん常つね, C)	Sukjong (T) Myeonghyo (P)	숙종 (肅宗, T) 명효 (明あきら孝こう, P)
16		Wang U	왕우 (王おう俁)	1105–1122	Semin (C)	세민 (世よ民みん, C)	Yejong (T) Munhyo (P)	예종 (睿宗, T) 문효 (文孝ふみたか, P)
17		Wang Hae	왕해 (王おう楷)	1122–1146	Inpyo (C)	인표 (仁じん表ひょう, C)	Injong (T) Gonghyo (P)	인종 (仁ひとし宗そう, T) 공효 (恭きょう孝こう, P)
18		Wang Hyeon	왕현 (王おう晛)	1146–1170	Ilsung (C)	일승 (日にち升ます, C)	Uijong (T) Janghyo (P)	의종 (毅あつし宗そう, T) 장효 (莊そう孝こう, P)
19		Wang Ho	왕호 (王おう晧)	1170–1197	Jidan (C)	지단 (之これ旦だん, C)	Myeongjong (T) Gwanghyo (P)	명종 (明あきら宗そう, T) 광효 (光孝みつたか, P)
20		Wang Tak	왕탁 (王おう晫)	1197–1204	Jihwa (C)	지화 (至いたり華はな, C)	Sinjong (T) Jeonghyo (P)	신종 (神かみ宗はじめ, T) 정효 (靖やすし孝こう, P)
21		Wang Yeong	왕영 (王おう韺)	1204–1211	Bulpi (C)	불피 (不ふ陂, C)	Huijong (T) Seonghyo (P)	희종 (熙宗, T) 성효 (成なり孝こう, P)
22		Wang O	왕오 (王おう祦)	1211–1213	Daehwa (C)	대화 (大だい華はな, C)	Gangjong (T) Wonhyo (P)	강종 (康かん宗はじめ, T) 원효 (元もと孝こう, P)
23		Wang Cheol	왕철 (王おう皞)	1213–1259	Cheon-u (C)	천우 (天祐てんゆう, C)	Gojong (T) Anhyo (P) Chungheon (MP)	고종 (高こう宗はじめ, T) 안효 (安孝やすたか, P) 충헌 (忠ただし憲けん, MP)
24		Wang Sik	왕식 (王おう禃)	1259–1274	Ilsin (C)	일신 (日新にっしん, C)	Wonjong (T) Sunhyo (P) Chunggyeong (MP)	원종 (元宗もとむね, T) 순효 (順じゅん孝こう, P) 충경 (忠敬ちゅうけい, MP)
25		Wang Geo	왕거 (王おう昛)	1274–1298 1298-1308	None	None	Chungnyeol (MP) Gyeonghyo (P)	충렬 (忠ただし烈れつ, MP) 경효 (景けい孝こう, P)
26		Wang Jang	왕장 (王おう璋あきら)	1298 1308–1313	Jungang (C) Iǰirbuka (M)	중앙 (仲なか昻, C) 익지례보화 (益えき知ち禮れい普ひろし花はな, M)	Chungseon (MP) Heonhyo (P)	충선 (忠ちゅう宣せん, MP) 헌효 (憲けん孝こう, P)
27		Wang Do	왕도 (王おう燾)	1313–1330 1332–1339	Uihyo (C) Aratnašri (M)	의효 (宜むべ孝こう, C) 아랄특눌실리 (阿おもね剌忒訥失里さと, M)	Chungsuk (MP) Uihyo (P)	충숙 (忠ちゅう肅, MP) 의효 (懿孝, P)
28		Wang Jeong	왕정 (王おう禎ただし)	1330–1332 1339–1344	Buddhašri (M)	보탑실리 (寶塔ほうとう實里みさと, M)	Chunghye (MP) Heonhyo (P)	충혜 (忠ただし惠めぐみ, MP) 헌효 (獻けんじ孝こう, P)
29		Wang Heun	왕흔 (王おう昕)	1344–1348	Padma dorji (M)	팔사마타아지 (八思麻朶兒只, M)	Chungmok (MP) Hyeonghyo (P)	충목 (忠ただし穆きよし, MP) 현효 (顯あらわ孝こう, P)
30		Wang Jeo	왕저 (王おう㫝)	1348–1351	Čosgen dorji (M)	미사감타아지 (迷思監かん朶兒只ただ, M)	Chungjeong (MP)	충정 (忠ちゅう定じょう, MP)
31		Wang Jeon	왕전 (王おう顓)	1351–1374	Bayan Temür (M) Ijae / Ikdang (Ps)	백안첩목아 (伯はく顔がお帖じょう木き兒じ, M) 이재 / 익당 (Ps)	Gongmin (P) Gyeonghyo (P)	공민 (恭きょう愍, P) 경효 (敬けい孝こう, P)
32		Wang U	왕우 (王おう禑)	1374–1388	None	None	U	None
33		Wang Chang	왕창 (王おう昌あきら)	1388–1389	None	None	Chang	None
34		Wang Yo	왕요 (王おう瑤よう)	1389–1392	None	None	Gongyang	공양 (恭きょう讓ゆずる, P)

Joseon dynasty

Joseon (1392–1910) followed Goryeo. In 1897, when Joseon became the Korean Empire, some of the Joseon kings were posthumously raised to the rank of emperors.

Joseon monarchs had temple names ending in jo or jong. Jo was given to the first kings/emperors of new lines within the dynasty, with the first king/emperor having the special name (Taejo), which means "great progenitor" (see also Goryeo). Jong was given to all other kings/emperors.

Two kings, Yeonsangun and Gwanghaegun, were not given temple names after their reigns ended.

Each monarch had a posthumous name that included either the title Wang ("King"), Hwangje ("Emperor"), Daewang ("King X the Great"), or Daeje ("Emperor X the Great"). For the sake of consistency, the title "King/Emperor" has been added to each monarch's temple name in the list below.

#	Portrait	Personal name		Period of reign	Courtesy name (C) / Pseudonym (Ps)		Temple name (廟びょう號ごう) (T) / Posthumous name (諡號しごう) (P)		Era name (年號ねんごう)
#	Portrait	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja	Period of reign	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja
1		Yi Seong-gye Yi Dan	이성계 (李り成桂せいけい) 이단 (李り旦だん)	1392–1398	Gunjin (C) Songheon (Ps)	군진 (君きみ晋すすむ, C) 송헌 (松軒しょうけん, Ps)	Taejo (T) Emperor Go (P)	태조 (太ふとし祖そ, T) 신무 (神武じんむ, P) 고황제 (高こう皇帝こうてい, P)
2		Yi Bang-gwa Yi Gyeong	이방과 (李り芳かおる果はて) 이경 (李り曔)	1398–1400	Gwangwon (C)	광원 (光ひかり遠とお, C)	Jeongjong (T) Gongjeong (P)	정종 (定宗さだむね, T) 공정 (恭きょう靖やすし, P)
3		Yi Bang-won	이방원 (李り芳かおる遠とお)	1400–1418	Yudeok (C)	유덕 (遺德いとく, C)	Taejong (T) Gongjeong (P)	태종 (太ふとし宗そう, T) 공정 (恭きょう定じょう, P)
4		Yi Do	이도 (李り祹)	1418–1450	Wonjeong (C)	원정 (元正がんしょう, C)	Sejong (T) Jangheon (P)	세종 (世よ宗むね, T) 장헌 (莊そう憲けん, P)
5		Yi Hyang	이향 (李り珦)	1450–1452	Hwiji (C)	휘지 (輝之てるゆき, C)	Munjong (T) Gongsun (P)	문종 (文ぶん宗むね, T) 공순 (恭順きょうじゅん, P)
6		Yi Hong-wi	이홍위 (李り弘ひろし暐)	1452–1455	None	None	Danjong (T) Gongui (P)	단종 (端はし宗むね, T) 공의 (恭きょう懿, P)
7		Yi Yu	이유 (李り瑈)	1455–1468	Suji (C)	수지 (粹いき之の, C)	Sejo (T) Hyejang (P)	세조 (世よ祖そ, T) 혜장 (惠めぐみ莊そう, P)
8		Yi Hwang	이황 (李り晄あきら)	1468–1469	Myeingjo (C) Pyeongnam (C)	명조 (明あきら照あきら, C) 평남 (平ひら南みなみ, C)	Yejong (T) Yangdo (P)	예종 (睿宗, T) 양도 (襄じょう悼, P)
9		Yi Hyeol	이혈 (李り娎)	1469–1494	None	None	Seongjong (T) Gangjeong (P)	성종 (成なり宗むね, T) 강정 (康かん靖やすし, P)
10		Yi Yung	이융 (李り㦕)	1494–1506	None	None	Yeonsangun	연산군 (燕つばめ山さん君くん)
11		Yi Yeok	이역 (李り懌)	1506–1544	Nakcheon (C)	낙천 (樂天らくてん, C)	Jungjong (T) Gonghui (P)	중종 (中ちゅう宗むね, T) 공희 (恭きょう僖, P)
12		Yi Ho	이호 (李り峼)	1544–1545	Cheonyun (C)	천윤 (天てん胤たね, C)	Injong (T) Yeongjeong (P)	인종 (仁ひとし宗そう, T) 영정 (榮さかえ靖やすし, P)
13		Yi Hwan	이환 (李り峘)	1545–1567	Daeyang (C)	대양 (對たい陽ひ, C)	Myeongjong (T) Gongheon (P)	명종 (明あきら宗そう, T) 공헌 (恭きょう憲けん, P)
14		Yi Yeon	이연 (李り昖)	1567–1608	None	None	Seonjo (T) Sogyeong (P)	선조 (宣せん祖そ, T) 소경 (昭あきら敬けい, P)
15		Yi Hon	이혼 (李り琿)	1608–1623	None	None	Gwanghaegun	광해군 (光ひかり海かい君くん)
16		Yi Jong	이종 (李り倧)	1623–1649	Cheonyun (C) Hwabaek (C) Songchang (Ps)	천윤 (天てん胤たね, C) 화백 (和わ伯はく, C) 송창 (松まつ窓まど, Ps)	Injo (T)	인조 (仁ひとし祖そ, T)
17		Yi Ho	이호 (李り淏)	1649–1659	Jeongyeon (C) Juk-o (Ps)	정연 (靜せい淵ふち, C) 죽오(竹たけ梧, Ps)	Hyojong (T)	효종 (孝こう宗むね, T)
18		Yi Yeon	이연 (李り棩)	1659–1674	Gyeongjik (C)	경직 (景けい直じき, C)	Hyeonjong (T)	현종 (顯宗けんそう, T)
19		Yi Sun	이순 (李り焞)	1674–1720	Myeongbo (C)	명보 (明あきら譜ふ, C)	Sukjong (T)	숙종 (肅宗, T)
20		Yi Yun	이윤 (李り昀)	1720–1724	Hwiseo (C)	휘서 (輝てる瑞みず, C)	Gyeongjong (T)	경종 (景けい宗むね, T)
21		Yi Geum	이금 (李り昑)	1724–1776	Gwangsuk (C) Yangseongheon (Ps)	광숙 (光ひかり叔, C) 양성헌 (養やしなえ性せい軒のき, Ps)	Yeongjo (T)	영조 (英えい祖そ, T)
22		Yi San	이산 (李り祘)	1776–1800	Hyeongun (C) Hongjae (Ps)	형운 (亨とおる運うん, C) 홍재 (弘ひろし齋とき, Ps)	Jeongjo (T)	정조 (正せい祖そ, T)
23		Yi Gong	이공 (李り玜)	1800–1834	Gongbo (C) Sunjae (Ps)	공보(公おおやけ寶たから, C) 순재 (純じゅん齋とき, Ps)	Sunjo (T)	순조 (純じゅん祖そ, T)
24		Yi Hwan	이환 (李り烉)	1834–1849	Muneung (C) Wonheon (Ps)	문응 (文ぶん應おう, C) 원헌 (元もと軒のき, Ps)	Heonjong (T)	헌종 (憲けん宗そう, T)
25		Yi Byeon	이변 (李り昪)	1849–1864	Doseung (C) Daeyongjae (Ps)	도승 (道みち升ます, C) 대용재 (大勇たいゆう齋とき, Ps)	Cheoljong (T)	철종 (哲あきら宗そう, T)
26		Yi Myeong-bok Yi Hui	이명복 (李り命いのち福ぶく) 이희 (李り㷩)	1864–1897 (1897–1907) *	Seongrim (C) Juyeon (Ps)	성림 (聖せい臨, C) 주연 (珠たま淵ふち, Ps)	Gojong (T) * Emperor Tae (P) *	고종 (高こう宗はじめ, T) * 태황제 (太ふとし皇帝こうてい, P) *	Gaeguk Geonyang Gwangmu *	개국 (開國かいこく) 건양 (建たて陽よう) 광무 (光武みつたけ) *

* see Korean Empire section

Korean Empire

In 1897, King Gojong proclaimed Joseon to be the Korean Empire, which lasted until 1910. Technically, the emperors can be referred to by their era names rather than their temple names, but the latter are commonly used.

#	Portrait	Personal name		Period of reign	Courtesy name (C) / Pseudonym (Ps)		Temple name (廟びょう號ごう) (T) / Posthumous name (諡號しごう) (P)		Era name (年號ねんごう)
#	Portrait	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja	Period of reign	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja	Westernized	Hangul/Hanja
1		Yi Myeong bok Yi Hui	이명복 (李り命いのち福ぶく) 이희 (李り㷩)	1897–1907	Seongrim (C) Juyeon (Ps)	성림 (聖せい臨, C) 주연 (珠たま淵ふち, Ps)	Gojong (T) Emperor Tae (P)	고종 (高こう宗はじめ, T) 태황제 (太ふとし皇帝こうてい, P)	Gwangmu	광무 (光武みつたけ)
2		Yi Cheok	이척 (李り坧)	1907–1910	Gundang (C) Jeongheon (Ps)	군방 (君きみ邦くに, C) 정헌 (正せい軒のき, Ps)	Sunjong (T) Emperor Hyo (P)	순종 (純じゅん宗むね, T) 효황제 (孝こう皇帝こうてい, P)	Yunghui	융희 (隆たかし熙)

Notes

^ Goguryeo kings had the surname Go, except for the second Yuri through fifth Mobon, whose surnames are recorded as Hae. All of the kings are recorded to belong to the same patrilineal bloodline. It is not clear whether the two surnames are different transcription of the same name, or evidence of a power struggle.
^ The Samguk Sagi and Samguk Yusa, and sometimes other records mention "other names," "birth names," "childhood names," or "personal names."
^ The king names generally derive from the location of the king's burial, and do not necessarily correspond to the Chinese concept of Posthumous name.
^ The Jolbon line names and dates are from the Samguk Sagi. The Wei shu History of the Wei dynasty gives the following names: 朱蒙チュモン Jumong, 閭達 Yeodal, 始はじめ閭諧 Shiryeohae, 如栗 Yeoyul, and 莫來 Mangnae. The legendary line had already been formed with some variants in the early 5th century when king Jangsu built a monument for his father and Goguryeo made contact with the Northern Wei. The inscription of that monument gives these names: 鄒牟 Chumo, 儒留 Yuryu, and 大だい朱しゅ留とめ Daejuryu. The connections between those names are not clear.
^ Goguryeo kings had the surname Go, except for the second (Yuri) through fifth (Mobon), whose surnames are recorded as Hae. All of the kings are recorded to belong to the same patrilineal bloodline. It is not clear whether the two surnames are different transcription of the same name, or evidence of a power struggle.
^ According to the Book of the Later Han, Taejo died in 121, and his son Chadae stepped up.

References

^ Hyung Il Pai (2000). Constructing "Korean" Origins: A Critical Review of Archaeology, Historiography, and Racial Myth in Korean State-formation Theories. Harvard University Asia Center. pp. 89–92. ISBN 978-0-674-00244-9.
^
- Seth, Michael J. (2010). A History of Korea: From Antiquity to the Present. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 443. ISBN 978-0-7425-6717-7.
"An extreme manifestation of nationalism and the family cult was the revival of interest in Tangun, the mythical founder of the first Korean state... Most textbooks and professional historians, however, treat him as a myth."
- Stark, Miriam T. (2008). Archaeology of Asia. John Wiley & Sons. p. 49. ISBN 978-1-4051-5303-4.
"Although Kija may have truly existed as a historical figure, Tangun is more problematical."
- Schmid, Andre (2013). Korea Between Empires. Columbia University Press. p. 270. ISBN 978-0-231-50630-4.
"Most [Korean historians] treat the [Tangun] myth as a later creation."
- Peterson, Mark (2009). Brief History of Korea. Infobase Publishing. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-4381-2738-5.
"The Tangun myth became more popular with groups that wanted Korea to be independent; the Kija myth was more useful to those who wanted to show that Korea had a strong affinity to China."
- Hulbert, H. B. (2014). The History of Korea. Routledge. p. 73. ISBN 978-1-317-84941-4.
"If a choice is to be made between them, one is faced with the fact that the Tangun, with his supernatural origin, is more clearly a mythological figure than Kija."
^ Book of later Han,桓帝延のべ熹四よん年ねん, 遣や使つかい朝賀ちょうが貢獻こうけん. 永えい康やすし元年がんねん,王おう夫おっと台だい將はた二に萬まん餘人よにん寇玄菟うさぎ, 玄げん菟うさぎ太守たいしゅ公孫こうそん域いき擊破げきは之の, 斬首ざんしゅ千せん餘あまり級きゅう. 至いたり靈れい帝みかど熹平三さん年ねん, 復ふく奉たてまつ章あきら貢獻こうけん. 夫おっと餘あまり本屬ほんぞく玄げん菟うさぎ, 獻けんじ帝みかど時じ, 其王求もとめ屬ぞく遼東りゃおとん云うん.
^ Record of three kingdoms,時どき句く麗うらら·鮮卑彊つよし度ど以夫餘あまり在ざい二虜之間妻以宗女。尉じょう仇かたき台だい死し簡位居きょ立りつ。
^ Record of three kingdoms,尉じょう仇かたき台だい死し簡位居きょ立りつ無む適てき子こ有ゆう孽子麻あさ餘よ位い居きょ死し諸しょ加か共立きょうりつ麻あさ餘あまり
^ Record of three kingdoms
^ "의려". Encyclopedia of Korean Culture.
^ "의라". Encyclopedia of Korean Culture.
^ Il-yeon: Samguk Yusa: Legends and History of the Three Kingdoms of Ancient Korea, translated by Tae-Hung Ha and Grafton K. Mintz. Epilogue, page 354. Silk Pagoda (2006). ISBN 1-59654-348-5 - note: the dates for Geojilmi's reign go there until 344

Byeon Tae-seop (변태섭) (1999). 韓國かんこく史し通論つうろん (Hanguksa tongnon) (Outline of Korean history), 4th ed. ISBN 978-89-445-9101-3.
Cumings, Bruce (1997). Korea's place in the sun. New York: W.W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-31681-0.
Kim, Jung Bae (1997). "Formation of the ethnic Korean nation and the emergence of its ancient kingdom states". Korean history: Discovery of its characteristics and developments. Seoul: Hollym. pp. 27–36. ISBN 978-1-56591-177-2.
Nahm, Andrew C. (1988). Korea: Tradition and Transformation — A History of the Korean People. Hollym International. ISBN 978-0-930878-56-6.
https://web.archive.org/web/20031006023320/http://www.rootsinfo.co.kr/index_sub02.html (in Korean only)
http://www.rulers.org

[9] Goguryeo kings had the surname Go, except for the second Yuri through fifth Mobon, whose surnames are recorded as Hae. All of the kings are recorded to belong to the same patrilineal bloodline. It is not clear whether the two surnames are different transcription of the same name, or evidence of a power struggle.

[10] The Samguk Sagi and Samguk Yusa, and sometimes other records mention "other names," "birth names," "childhood names," or "personal names."

[11] The king names generally derive from the location of the king's burial, and do not necessarily correspond to the Chinese concept of Posthumous name.

[12] The Jolbon line names and dates are from the Samguk Sagi. The Wei shu History of the Wei dynasty gives the following names: 朱蒙チュモン Jumong, 閭達 Yeodal, 始はじめ閭諧 Shiryeohae, 如栗 Yeoyul, and 莫來 Mangnae. The legendary line had already been formed with some variants in the early 5th century when king Jangsu built a monument for his father and Goguryeo made contact with the Northern Wei. The inscription of that monument gives these names: 鄒牟 Chumo, 儒留 Yuryu, and 大だい朱しゅ留とめ Daejuryu. The connections between those names are not clear.

[13] Goguryeo kings had the surname Go, except for the second (Yuri) through fifth (Mobon), whose surnames are recorded as Hae. All of the kings are recorded to belong to the same patrilineal bloodline. It is not clear whether the two surnames are different transcription of the same name, or evidence of a power struggle.

[14] According to the Book of the Later Han, Taejo died in 121, and his son Chadae stepped up.

[Pai2000-1] Hyung Il Pai (2000). Constructing "Korean" Origins: A Critical Review of Archaeology, Historiography, and Racial Myth in Korean State-formation Theories. Harvard University Asia Center. pp. 89–92. ISBN 978-0-674-00244-9.

[Gojoseon-2] 
Seth, Michael J. (2010). A History of Korea: From Antiquity to the Present. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 443. ISBN 978-0-7425-6717-7.

"An extreme manifestation of nationalism and the family cult was the revival of interest in Tangun, the mythical founder of the first Korean state... Most textbooks and professional historians, however, treat him as a myth."

Stark, Miriam T. (2008). Archaeology of Asia. John Wiley & Sons. p. 49. ISBN 978-1-4051-5303-4.

"Although Kija may have truly existed as a historical figure, Tangun is more problematical."

Schmid, Andre (2013). Korea Between Empires. Columbia University Press. p. 270. ISBN 978-0-231-50630-4.

"Most [Korean historians] treat the [Tangun] myth as a later creation."

Peterson, Mark (2009). Brief History of Korea. Infobase Publishing. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-4381-2738-5.

"The Tangun myth became more popular with groups that wanted Korea to be independent; the Kija myth was more useful to those who wanted to show that Korea had a strong affinity to China."

Hulbert, H. B. (2014). The History of Korea. Routledge. p. 73. ISBN 978-1-317-84941-4.

"If a choice is to be made between them, one is faced with the fact that the Tangun, with his supernatural origin, is more clearly a mythological figure than Kija."

[9] Seth, Michael J. (2010). A History of Korea: From Antiquity to the Present. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 443. ISBN 978-0-7425-6717-7.

[10] Stark, Miriam T. (2008). Archaeology of Asia. John Wiley & Sons. p. 49. ISBN 978-1-4051-5303-4.

[11] Schmid, Andre (2013). Korea Between Empires. Columbia University Press. p. 270. ISBN 978-0-231-50630-4.

[12] Peterson, Mark (2009). Brief History of Korea. Infobase Publishing. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-4381-2738-5.

[13] Hulbert, H. B. (2014). The History of Korea. Routledge. p. 73. ISBN 978-1-317-84941-4.

[3] Book of later Han,桓帝延のべ熹四よん年ねん, 遣や使つかい朝賀ちょうが貢獻こうけん. 永えい康やすし元年がんねん,王おう夫おっと台だい將はた二に萬まん餘人よにん寇玄菟うさぎ, 玄げん菟うさぎ太守たいしゅ公孫こうそん域いき擊破げきは之の, 斬首ざんしゅ千せん餘あまり級きゅう. 至いたり靈れい帝みかど熹平三さん年ねん, 復ふく奉たてまつ章あきら貢獻こうけん. 夫おっと餘あまり本屬ほんぞく玄げん菟うさぎ, 獻けんじ帝みかど時じ, 其王求もとめ屬ぞく遼東りゃおとん云うん.

[4] Record of three kingdoms,時どき句く麗うらら·鮮卑彊つよし度ど以夫餘あまり在ざい二虜之間妻以宗女。尉じょう仇かたき台だい死し簡位居きょ立りつ。

[5] Record of three kingdoms,尉じょう仇かたき台だい死し簡位居きょ立りつ無む適てき子こ有ゆう孽子麻あさ餘よ位い居きょ死し諸しょ加か共立きょうりつ麻あさ餘あまり

[6] Record of three kingdoms

[7] "의려". Encyclopedia of Korean Culture.

[8] "의라". Encyclopedia of Korean Culture.

[15] Il-yeon: Samguk Yusa: Legends and History of the Three Kingdoms of Ancient Korea, translated by Tae-Hung Ha and Grafton K. Mintz. Epilogue, page 354. Silk Pagoda (2006). ISBN 1-59654-348-5 - note: the dates for Geojilmi's reign go there until 344

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