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Zhao Erxun (23 May 1844 – 3 September 1927), courtesy name Cishan, art name Wubu, was a Chinese political and military officeholder who lived in the late Qing dynasty. He served in numerous high-ranking positions under the Qing government, including Viceroy of Sichuan, Viceroy of Huguang, and Viceroy of the Three Northeast Provinces. After the fall of the Qing dynasty, he became a historian and was the lead editor of the Draft History of Qing (Qing Shi Gao).
Zhao Erxun | |
|---|---|
 | |
| President of the Provisional National Council | |
| In office 30 July 1925 – 9 April 1926 | |
| Prime Minister | Duan Qirui |
| Deputy | Tang Yi |
| Preceded by | position created |
| Succeeded by | Li Yuanhong (as President of the National Council) |
| Minister for Advice | |
| In office 1 July – 12 July 1917 Serving with Chen Kuilong, Zhang Yinglin, Feng Xu | |
| Prime Minister | Zhang Xun |
| Viceroy of the Three Northeast Provinces | |
| In office 20 April 1911 – 12 February 1912 | |
| Preceded by | Xiliang |
| Viceroy of Sichuan | |
| In office March 1908 – April 1911 | |
| Preceded by | Chen Kuilong |
| Succeeded by | Zhao Erfeng |
| In office March 1907 – August 1907 | |
| Preceded by | Xiliang |
| Succeeded by | Zhao Erfeng |
| Viceroy of Huguang | |
| In office August 1907 – March 1908 | |
| Preceded by | Zhang Zhidong |
| Succeeded by | Chen Kuilong |
| Minister of Revenue | |
| In office 14 August 1904 – 7 May 1905 Serving with Rongqing | |
| Preceded by | Lu Chuanlin |
| Succeeded by | Zhang Baixi |
| Governor of Hunan | |
| In office January 1903 – May 1904 | |
| Preceded by | Yu Liansan |
| Succeeded by | Lu Yuanding |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 23 May 1844 |
| Died | 3 September 1927 (aged 83) Beijing, Republic of China |
| Relations | Zhao Erfeng (brother) |
| Education | jinshi degree in the 1874 imperial examination[1] |
| Zhao Erxun | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional Chinese | |||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 赵尔 | ||||||||
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| Cishan (courtesy name) | |||||||||
| Chinese | |||||||||
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| Wubu (pseudonym) | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | |||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 无补 | ||||||||
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Life
editEarly career
editZhao's ancestral roots were in Tieling, Fengtian Province (present-day Liaoning Province). His family was under the Plain Blue Banner of the Han Chinese Eight Banners. He sat for the provincial-level imperial examination in 1867 and obtained the position of a juren. In 1874, he sat for the palace-level examination and emerged as a jinshi, after which he was admitted to the Hanlin Academy as a bianxiu (
The first position Zhao held was an assistant examiner for the provincial-level imperial examination in Hubei Province. Later, he was promoted to a Supervising Censor of the Ministry of Works. In 1893, he served as a prefect in Guizhou Province and was promoted to a daotai (
In November 1902, Zhao was appointed as the xunfu (Provincial Governor) of Shanxi Province. A year later, he was made acting xunfu of Hunan Province. In August 1904, he was recalled to the imperial capital, Beijing, to serve as acting Secretary of Revenue. One year later, he was sent to Fengtian Province to serve as "General of Shengjing" (
Activities in Tibet and as Viceroy of Sichuan and the Three Northeast Provinces
editIn March 1907, Zhao replaced Xiliang as the Viceroy of Sichuan but never assumed office. His brother, Zhao Erfeng, succeeded him as the Viceroy of Sichuan. Around August, when Zhang Zhidong was recalled to Beijing to serve on the Grand Council, Zhao was appointed as Viceroy of Huguang to replace Zhang. He was also given the honorary appointments of Secretary of Defence and Censor-in-Chief. During his tenure as Viceroy of Huguang, he set up the Hubei Law School (
Zhao and his brother Zhao Erfeng extended Qing rule into Eastern Tibet (Kham) and sent an army to Lhasa in 1908. This initially worked[citation needed] with the restored 13th Dalai Lama but later drove him out after strong disagreements about a conflict between Lamas in Eastern Tibet and the Qing government in Sichuan. It has been suggested that this conflict, along with an increase in taxes, caused the September 1911 rebellion in Sichuan.[citation needed] Han Suyin takes a different view and says that the main issue in the conflict was control over a planned railway that would have linked Sichuan to the rest of China.[2]
In March 1908, Zhao was reassigned to serve as the Viceroy of Sichuan again. Around April 1911, he was transferred to Manchuria to serve as the Viceroy of the Three Northeast Provinces (or Viceroy of Manchuria) and awarded an honorary title as an Imperial Commissioner. During his tenure, he established the Fengtian Military School (
Under the Republic
editIn March 1912, the Provisional Assembly of the Republic of China passed a bill appointing Zhao as the Viceroy of Fengtian Province, giving him control over Manchuria just like when he was Viceroy of the Three Northeast Provinces. However, Zhao resigned on 3 November and returned to Beijing. In 1914, Yuan Shikai appointed Zhao as the director of the Qing History Bureau (
In March 1925, when Duan Qirui convened the Shanhou Conference (
Zhao died in Beijing in 1927. His tomb is located at the north of Shenshan Village (
References
editCitations
edit- ^ "
趙 爾 巽 ". - ^ Han, Suyin (1972). The Crippled Tree. U.K.: Triad Books.
Sources
edit- "Chao Erh-sun (Zhao Erxun)
趙 爾 巽 ". The China Story, Australian Centre on China in the World. Retrieved 6 December 2016. - Burt, A.R.; Powell, J.B.; Crow, Carl, eds. (1925). Biographies of Prominent Chinese. Shanghai: Biographical Publishing Company Inc.