cviliti

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

• cvíljeti (alternative infinitive, Ijekavian)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kviliti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡sʋǐːliti/
• Hyphenation: cvi‧li‧ti

Verb

cvíliti impf (Cyrillic spelling цви́лити)

1. (intransitive) to squeak, squeal
2. (intransitive) to whimper, whine
3. (intransitive) to lament, moan

Conjugation

Conjugation of cvíliti / cvíljeti

Infinitive: cvíliti / cvíljeti		Present verbal adverb: cvíllēći		Past verbal adverb: —		Verbal noun: cvílēnje
Number		Singular			Plural
Person		1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Verbal forms		ja	ti	on / ona / ono	mi	vi	oni / one / ona
Present		cvilim	cviliš	cvili	cvilimo	cvilite	cvile
Future	Future I	cvilit ću1 cviliću	cvilit ćeš1 cvilićeš	cvilit će1 cviliće	cvilit ćemo1 cvilićemo	cvilit ćete1 cvilićete	cvilit će1 cviliće
	Future II	bȕdēm cvilio2	bȕdēš cvilio2	bȕdē cvilio2	bȕdēmo cviljeli2	bȕdēte cviljeli2	bȕdū cviljeli2
Past	Perfect	cvilio sam2	cvilio si2	cvilio je2	cviljeli smo2	cviljeli ste2	cviljeli su2
	Pluperfect3	bȉo sam cvilio2	bȉo si cvilio2	bȉo je cvilio2	bíli smo cviljeli2	bíli ste cviljeli2	bíli su cviljeli2
	Imperfect	cviljah	cviljaše	cviljaše	cviljasmo	cviljaste	cviljahu
Conditional I		cvilio bih2	cvilio bi2	cvilio bi2	cviljeli bismo2	cviljeli biste2	cviljeli bi2
Conditional II4		bȉo bih cvilio2	bȉo bi cvilio2	bȉo bi cvilio2	bíli bismo cviljeli2	bíli biste cviljeli2	bíli bi cviljeli2
Imperative		—	cvili	—	cvilimo	cvilite	—
Active past participle		cvilio m / cviljela f / cviljelo n			cviljeli m / cviljele f / cviljela n
1   Croatian spelling: others omit the infinitive suffix completely and bind the clitic. 2   For masculine nouns; a feminine or neuter agent would use the feminine and neuter gender forms of the active past participle and auxiliary verb, respectively. 3   Often replaced by the past perfect in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped. 4   Often replaced by the conditional I in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped.   *Note: The aorist and imperfect were not present in, or have nowadays fallen into disuse in, many dialects and therefore they are routinely replaced by the past perfect in both formal and colloquial speech.

Derived terms

• ucvíliti
• zacvíliti

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *kviliti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡sʋìːliti/

Verb

cvíliti impf

1. (intransitive) to squeak, to squeal
2. (intransitive) to cry, to whine

Conjugation

Class IV, accentual type I (accent is not directly before the endings), imperfective

Infinitive cvíliti (i-ti)

Long infinitive (usually only written, except in very formal contexts)		cvíliti
Short infinitive (in spoken formal language, colloquial)		cvílit
Supine		cvílit
l-participle
	masculine	feminine	neuter
singular	cvílił	cvílila, cvilȋla	cvílilo, cvilílo
dual	cvílila, cvilíla	cvílili, cvilíli	cvílili, cvilíli
plural	cvílili, cvilíli	cvílile, cvilíle	cvílila, cvilíla
n-/t-participle (passive participle)
	masculine	feminine	neuter
singular	cvíljen	cvíljena	cvíljeno
dual	cvíljena	cvíljeni	cvíljeni
plural	cvíljeni	cvíljene	cvíljena
š-participle
	masculine	feminine	neuter
singular	–	–	–
dual	–	–	–
plural	–	–	–
adverbial š-participle		cvilȋvši
True gerund		cvíljenje, cviljénje
Objectified gerund		–

Present stem cvílim (i-m)

Present indicative
	singular	dual	plural
1st person	cvílim	cvíliva, cvílima	cvílimo
2nd person	cvíliš	cvílita, cvílista	cvílite, cvíliste
3rd person	cvíli	cvílita, cvílista	cvílijo, cvilẹ́
Imperative
	singular	dual	plural
1st person	cvíli	cvíliva, cvílima	cvílimo
2nd person	cvíli	cvílita	cvílite
3rd person	cvíli	cvílita	–
č-participle
	masculine	feminine	neuter
singular	cvilȅč	cvilẹ́ča	cvilẹ́če
dual	cvilẹ́ča	cvilẹ́či	cvilẹ́či
plural	cvilẹ́či	cvilẹ́če	cvilẹ́ča
adverbial participles
č-participle		cvilȅč, cvilẹ̄č
e-participle		–

Derived terms

• zacvíliti

Further reading

• “cviliti”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
• “cviliti”, in Termania, Amebis
• See also the general references