Public security bureau (China): Difference between revisions

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A public security bureau (PSB) (Chinese: 公安こうあん局きょく; pinyin: gōng'ānjú) of a city or county, or public security department (PSD) (Chinese: 公安こうあん厅; pinyin: Gōng'āntīng) of a province or autonomous region, in the People's Republic of China refers to a government office essentially acting as a police station or a local or provincial police; the smallest police stations are called police posts (Chinese: 派出所はしゅつじょ; pinyin: pàichūsuǒ). The PSB/PSD system is similar in concept to the Japanese kōban system, and is present in each province and municipality. Typically, a PSB/PSD handles policing, public security, and social order. Other duties include residence registration ("hukou") and internal and external migration matters, such as the registration of temporary residents (including both foreign and domestic visitors).

The system of public security bureaus is administered by the Ministry of Public Security (MPS), which co-ordinates the work of provincial public security departments that are also answerable to the local governments and provincial party secretaries. PSB's located in each province are jointly supervised by the central government as well as provincial governments, an arrangement that is intended to prevent corruption and unchecked influence by provincial general secretaries. Provincial public security bureaus in turn administer county or district level public security sub-bureaus and branch bureaus, which perform a role similar to larger police stations.^[1] The lowest level outposts are police posts, which perform duties similar to of small local police stations.

The network of public security bureaus and the Ministry of Public Security should not be confused with the separate but parallel network of state security bureaus/state security departments, administered at the national level by the Ministry of State Security (MSS), which is responsible for external and internal intelligence, and performing a "secret police" or security police role responsible for preemptive response to 'mass incidents' (Chinese terminology for protests or social disturbances) and internal security. The two systems are administratively separate, although at local levels they co-operate to a large extent and often share resources and internal security bureaus are structured as units or departments within public security bureaus (PSBs) to allow for closer and more effective integrated operations and cooperation as needed.

Most major Chinese cities will have a PSB assigned to deal with local security needs. Each province, municipality and autonomous region (excluding the special administrative regions of Macau and Hong Kong, which have their own police forces, the Hong Kong Police Force and the Public Security Police Force of Macau) has a provincial-level public security department or municipal PSB to deal with provincial security issues.

In 2016, the Xinjiang PSD signed a partnership agreement with Huawei.^[2] In 2019, the same PSD and its subordinate municipal PSBs were sanctioned by the U.S. Department of State for their role in human rights abuses against the Uyghurs.^[3] In 2020, the United States Department of the Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) imposed sanctions on the Xinjiang Public Security Bureau under the Global Magnitsky Act.^[4]

In October 2022, various news outlets reported that the MPS had opened clandestine police stations overseas.^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]

References[edit]

^ Wang, Xiaohai (23 April 2015). Empowerment on Chinese Police Force's Role in Social Service. Springer. p. 171. ISBN 978-3-662-45614-9. Archived from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
^ "Mapping more of China's tech giants: AI and surveillance". Australian Strategic Policy Institute. 28 November 2019. Archived from the original on 21 January 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
^ Shepardson, David (7 October 2019). "U.S. puts Hikvision, Chinese security bureaus on economic blacklist". Reuters. Archived from the original on 7 October 2019. Retrieved 7 October 2019.
^ "Treasury Sanctions Chinese Entity and Officials Pursuant to Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act". U.S. Department of the Treasury. 23 February 2024. Archived from the original on 9 July 2020. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
^ Lee, Michael (29 September 2022). "China has opened overseas police stations in US and Canada to monitor Chinese citizens: report". Fox News. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
^ Delaney, Matt (2 October 2022). "China establishes police station in New York City". The Washington Times. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
^ Morgan, Ryan (28 September 2022). "Report: Chinese police set up covert station in NYC, 31 others around the world". American Military News. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
^ "Report: China's unofficial 'police stations' operating under the radar in London, other parts of the world". news.yahoo.com. 15 September 2022. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2022.

[1] Wang, Xiaohai (23 April 2015). Empowerment on Chinese Police Force's Role in Social Service. Springer. p. 171. ISBN 978-3-662-45614-9. Archived from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved 2 April 2020.

[2] "Mapping more of China's tech giants: AI and surveillance". Australian Strategic Policy Institute. 28 November 2019. Archived from the original on 21 January 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2020.

[3] Shepardson, David (7 October 2019). "U.S. puts Hikvision, Chinese security bureaus on economic blacklist". Reuters. Archived from the original on 7 October 2019. Retrieved 7 October 2019.

[4] "Treasury Sanctions Chinese Entity and Officials Pursuant to Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act". U.S. Department of the Treasury. 23 February 2024. Archived from the original on 9 July 2020. Retrieved 25 February 2024.

[5] Lee, Michael (29 September 2022). "China has opened overseas police stations in US and Canada to monitor Chinese citizens: report". Fox News. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2022.

[6] Delaney, Matt (2 October 2022). "China establishes police station in New York City". The Washington Times. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2022.

[7] Morgan, Ryan (28 September 2022). "Report: Chinese police set up covert station in NYC, 31 others around the world". American Military News. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2022.

[8] "Report: China's unofficial 'police stations' operating under the radar in London, other parts of the world". news.yahoo.com. 15 September 2022. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2022.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{distinguish|Ministry of State Security (China)}}
+{{Short description|Police of the People's Republic of China}}
+{{other uses|Public security bureau (disambiguation)}}
-{{Politics of China |expanded = Judiciary }}
+{{Distinguish|Ministry of State Security (China)}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
+{{Politics of China|expanded=Judiciary}}
-A '''Public Security Bureau (PSB)''' ({{zh |c = 公安こうあん局きょく |p = gōng'ānjú }}) of a city or county, or '''Public Security Department (PSD)''' ({{zh |s = 公安こうあん厅 |p = Gōng'āntīng }}) of a province or autonomous region, in China refers to a government office essentially acting as a [[police station]] or a local or provincial [[police]]/[[sheriff]]; the smallest police stations are called police posts ({{zh |c = 派出所はしゅつじょ |p = pàichūsuǒ }}). The PSB/PSD system is similar in concept to the Japanese [[Kōban]] system, and is present in each province and municipality. Typically, a PSB/PSD handles policing, [[public security]], and [[social order]]. Other duties include residence registration ("[[Hukou system|hukou]]") and internal and external [[Human migration|migration]] matters, such as the registration of temporary residents (including both foreign and domestic visitors).
+A '''public security bureau (PSB)''' ({{zh |c = 公安こうあん局きょく |p = gōng'ānjú }}) of a city or county, or '''public security department (PSD)''' ({{zh |s = 公安こうあん厅 |p = Gōng'āntīng }}) of a province or autonomous region, in the [[China|People's Republic of China]] refers to a government office essentially acting as a [[police station]] or a local or provincial [[police]]; the smallest police stations are called police posts ({{zh |c = 派出所はしゅつじょ |p = pàichūsuǒ }}). The PSB/PSD system is similar in concept to the Japanese [[kōban]] system, and is present in each province and municipality. Typically, a PSB/PSD handles policing, [[public security]], and [[social order]]. Other duties include residence registration ("[[Hukou system|hukou]]") and internal and external [[Human migration|migration]] matters, such as the registration of temporary residents (including both foreign and domestic visitors).
-The system of public security bureaus is administered by the [[Ministry of Public Security (China)|Ministry of Public Security]], which co-ordinates the work of provincial public security departments that are also answerable to the local governments and provincial party secretaries. PSB's located in each province are jointly supervised by the central government as well as provincial governments, an arrangement that is supposedly supposed to prevent corruption and unchecked influence by provincial (The equivalent of state) general secretaries (The equivalent of state governors).  Provincial public security bureaus in turn administer county or district level public security sub-bureaus and branch bureaus, which perform a role similar to larger police stations.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Wang|first=Xiaohai|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D4d9CAAAQBAJ|title=Empowerment on Chinese Police Force's Role in Social Service|date=2015-04-23|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-662-45614-9|pages=171|language=en}}</ref> The lowest level outposts are police posts, which perform a role similar to small local police stations.
+The system of public security bureaus is administered by the [[Ministry of Public Security (China)|Ministry of Public Security]] (MPS), which co-ordinates the work of provincial public security departments that are also answerable to the local governments and provincial party secretaries. PSB's located in each province are jointly supervised by the central government as well as provincial governments, an arrangement that is intended to prevent corruption and unchecked influence by provincial general secretaries. Provincial public security bureaus in turn administer county or district level public security sub-bureaus and branch bureaus, which perform a role similar to larger police stations.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Wang|first=Xiaohai|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D4d9CAAAQBAJ|title=Empowerment on Chinese Police Force's Role in Social Service|date=2015-04-23|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-662-45614-9|pages=171|language=en|access-date=2 April 2020|archive-date=12 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231112224155/https://books.google.com/books?id=D4d9CAAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> The lowest level outposts are police posts, which perform duties similar to of small local police stations.
-The network of public security bureaus and the Ministry of Public Security should not be confused with the separate but parallel network of state security bureaus (SSB's)/state  security departments, administered at the national level by the [[Ministry of State Security (China)|Ministry of State Security]], which is responsible for external and internal intelligence, and performing a "[[secret police]]" or [[security police]] role responsible for pre-remptive response to '[[Mass incidents in China|mass incidents]]' (Chinese terminology for protests or social disturbances) and internal security. The two systems are administratively separate, although at local levels they co-operate to a large extent and often share resources and internal security bureaus are structured as units or departments within public security bureau's (PSB's) to allow for closer and more effective integrated operations and cooperation as needed.
+The network of public security bureaus and the Ministry of Public Security should not be confused with the separate but parallel network of state security bureaus/state  security departments, administered at the national level by the [[Ministry of State Security (China)|Ministry of State Security]] (MSS), which is responsible for external and internal intelligence, and performing a "[[secret police]]" or [[security police]] role responsible for preemptive response to '[[Mass incidents in China|mass incidents]]' (Chinese terminology for protests or social disturbances) and internal security. The two systems are administratively separate, although at local levels they co-operate to a large extent and often share resources and internal security bureaus are structured as units or departments within public security bureaus (PSBs) to allow for closer and more effective integrated operations and cooperation as needed.
-Most major Chinese cities will have a PSB assigned to deal with local security needs. Each province, municipality and autonomous region (excluding the [[Special administrative regions of China|special administrative region]]s of [[Macau]] and [[Hong Kong]], which have their own police forces, the [[Hong Kong Police Force]] and the [[Public Security Police Force of Macau]]) has a provincial-level Public Security Department or municipal PSB to deal with provincial security issues.
+Most major Chinese cities will have a PSB assigned to deal with local security needs. Each province, municipality and autonomous region (excluding the [[Special administrative regions of China|special administrative region]]s of [[Macau]] and [[Hong Kong]], which have their own police forces, the [[Hong Kong Police Force]] and the [[Public Security Police Force of Macau]]) has a provincial-level public security department or municipal PSB to deal with provincial security issues.
-In 2016, the [[Xinjiang]] PSD signed a partnership agreement with [[Huawei]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aspi.org.au/report/mapping-more-chinas-tech-giants |title=Mapping more of China's tech giants: AI and surveillance |date=28 November 2019 |website=[[Australian Strategic Policy Institute]] |language=en-AUえーゆー |url-status=live |access-date=2020-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121231455/https://www.aspi.org.au/report/mapping-more-chinas-tech-giants |archive-date=21 January 2020 }}</ref> In 2019, the same PSD and its subordinate municipal PSBs were sanctioned by the U.S. State Department for their role in human rights abuses against the [[Uyghurs]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-exclusive-idUSKBN1WM25M |title=U.S. puts Hikvision, Chinese security bureaus on economic blacklist |last=Shepardson |first=David |date=2019-10-07 |agency=[[Reuters]] |access-date=2019-10-07 |language=en-GB |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191007233544/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-exclusive-idUSKBN1WM25M |archive-date=2019-10-07 |url-status=live }}</ref>
+In 2016, the [[Xinjiang]] PSD signed a partnership agreement with [[Huawei]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aspi.org.au/report/mapping-more-chinas-tech-giants |title=Mapping more of China's tech giants: AI and surveillance |date=28 November 2019 |website=[[Australian Strategic Policy Institute]] |language=en-AUえーゆー |url-status=live |access-date=2020-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121231455/https://www.aspi.org.au/report/mapping-more-chinas-tech-giants |archive-date=21 January 2020 }}</ref> In 2019, the same PSD and its subordinate municipal PSBs were sanctioned by the [[United States Department of State|U.S. Department of State]] for their role in human rights abuses against the [[Uyghurs]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-exclusive-idUSKBN1WM25M |title=U.S. puts Hikvision, Chinese security bureaus on economic blacklist |last=Shepardson |first=David |date=2019-10-07 |work=[[Reuters]] |access-date=2019-10-07 |language=en-GB |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191007233544/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-exclusive-idUSKBN1WM25M |archive-date=2019-10-07 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2020, the [[United States Department of the Treasury]]'s [[Office of Foreign Assets Control]] (OFAC) imposed sanctions on the Xinjiang Public Security Bureau under the [[Global Magnitsky Act]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-23 |title=Treasury Sanctions Chinese Entity and Officials Pursuant to Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act |url=https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sm1055 |access-date=2024-02-25 |website=[[U.S. Department of the Treasury]] |language=en |archive-date=9 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709160652/https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sm1055 |url-status=live }}</ref>
+In October 2022, various news outlets reported that the MPS had opened [[Chinese police overseas service stations|clandestine police stations overseas]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Michael |date=2022-09-29 |title=China has opened overseas police stations in US and Canada to monitor Chinese citizens: report |url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/china-opened-overseas-police-stations-us-canada-monitor-chinese-citizens |access-date=2022-10-04 |website=Fox News |language=en-US |archive-date=4 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004112538/https://www.foxnews.com/world/china-opened-overseas-police-stations-us-canada-monitor-chinese-citizens |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Delaney |first=Matt |date=October 2, 2022 |title=China establishes police station in New York City |url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2022/oct/2/report-china-operates-overseas-police-stations-tra/ |access-date=2022-10-04 |website=The Washington Times |language=en-US |archive-date=4 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004112538/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2022/oct/2/report-china-operates-overseas-police-stations-tra/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Morgan |first=Ryan |date=2022-09-28 |title=Report: Chinese police set up covert station in NYC, 31 others around the world |url=https://americanmilitarynews.com/2022/09/report-chinese-police-set-up-covert-station-in-nyc-31-others-around-the-world/ |access-date=2022-10-04 |website=American Military News |language=en-US |archive-date=4 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004112538/https://americanmilitarynews.com/2022/09/report-chinese-police-set-up-covert-station-in-nyc-31-others-around-the-world/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Report: China's unofficial 'police stations' operating under the radar in London, other parts of the world |url=https://news.yahoo.com/report-china-unofficial-police-stations-225148709.html |access-date=2022-10-04 |website=news.yahoo.com |date=15 September 2022 |language=en-US |archive-date=4 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004112538/https://news.yahoo.com/report-china-unofficial-police-stations-225148709.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
-== Roles and responsibilities ==
-* Fire Services
-* Traffic
-* VIP Protection
-* Immigration and Visitor Affairs
-* Public security
-* Crime Control
-* Public Safety and Information
-{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}}
 == See also ==
@@ Line 28: / Line 23: @@
 == References ==
-{{Reflist}}
+{{Reflist}}{{-}}
-== External links ==
-* {{Official website|http://www.bjgaj.gov.cn/|Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau official website}}
-* [http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/shanghai/node17256/node17679/node17681/userobject22ai12740.html Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Public Security]
-* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100522114840/http://www.gdga.gov.cn/en/index.htm Guangdong Provincial Public Security Department]
-** [http://www.gzjd.gov.cn Bureau of Public Security of Guangzhou Municipality]
-{{-}}
 {{China national security}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Public Security Bureau}}
-[[Category:Law enforcement agencies of China]]
+[[Category:Ministry of Public Security (China)]]
+[[Category:Chinese entities subject to U.S. Department of the Treasury sanctions]]

v t e National security and law enforcement in China
National	Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party National Security Commission Central Military Commission People's Liberation Army Militia Maritime Militia NDMC United Front Work Department State Council Ministry of State Security Ministry of Public Security National Defense Mobilization Commission Ministry of National Defense Taiwan Affairs Office
Mainland	Supervisory Commissions People's Police Public Security PP provincial Public Security Departments city/county Public Security Bureaus Internet police Immigration Inspection State Security PP Judicial Administrative PP People's Courts Judicial Police People's Procuratorates Judicial Police People's Armed Police Coast Guard Customs State Secrets Protection Cyberspace Admin Urban Admin
Hong Kong	Office for Safeguarding National Security of the CPG in the HKSAR Committee for Safeguarding National Security of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region PLA Hong Kong Garrison Independent Commission Against Corruption Hong Kong Disciplined Services Police National Security Department Fire Correction Customs Immigration
Macau	PLA Macau Garrison Commission Against Corruption Macau Security Force Unitary Police Service [zh] Public Security Police (including Migration Service) Judicial Police [zh] Fire Services Bureau Correctional Services Bureau Macau Customs Service [zh]
Operations	Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries (1950–53) Three-anti and Five-anti Campaigns (1951–52) Sufan movement (1955–57) Anti-Rightist Campaign (1957–59) Red August (1966) Shadian incident (1975) 1983 "Strike Hard" Anti-crime Campaign (1983–87) Persecution of Falun Gong (1999) 6521 Project (2009) Anti-corruption campaign (2012–) Strike Hard Campaign Against Violent Terrorism (2014–) Operation Fox Hunt (2014–) 709 crackdown (2015) Abroad Information operations and information warfare United States
Other topics	2011 crackdown 610 Office Black jails Capital punishment Censorship Central Case Examination Group Civil Servant-Family Pair Up Death sentence with reprieve Great Cannon Grid-style social management Hong Kong national security law List of Hong Kong national security cases Human rights Tibet Macao Hong Kong Internet censorship Inciting subversion of state power Judicial system Judiciary of Hong Kong Judiciary of Macau Laogai Life imprisonment Penal system PLA Unit 61398 Political offences Picking quarrels and provoking trouble Re-education through labor Residential Surveillance at a Designated Location Soft detention Shuanggui Two-faced person Persecution of Uyghurs in China Xinjiang internment camps Holistic security concept

Latest revision as of 18:58, 16 May 2024

See also[edit]

References[edit]