Chen Lin (Han dynasty)

For other people named Chen Lin, see Chen Lin.

Chen Lin
陳ちん琳
Libationer and Military Adviser (軍ぐん謀はかりごと祭さい酒しゅ) (under Cao Cao)
In office c. 204 (c. 204)–? (?)
Monarch	Emperor Xian of Han
Registrar (主おも簿ぼ) (under He Jin)
In office ? (?) – c. 189 (c. 189)
Monarch	Emperor Ling of Han
Personal details
Born	Unknown Baoying County, Jiangsu
Died	217
Occupation	Official, scholar, poet
Courtesy name	Kongzhang (孔あな璋あきら)

In this Chinese name, the family name is Chen.

Chen Lin (陳ひね琳 ; ; died 217), courtesy name Kongzhang (孔あな璋あきら), was an official, scholar and poet who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He was one of the "Seven Scholars of Jian'an". He later served as Military Advisor to Cao Cao.

Life

Chen Lin was from Sheyang County (射い陽ひ縣けん), Guangling Commandery, which is located east of present-day Baoying County, Jiangsu.

Under He Jin

He started his political career during the reign of Emperor Ling (r. 168–189) as a Registrar (主おも簿ぼ) under He Jin, the General-in-Chief.

In 189, He Jin wanted to summon military forces from outside the imperial capital Luoyang to pressure Empress Dowager He into agreeing to exterminate the eunuch faction. Chen Lin strongly objected to this idea and argued that "to act in this manner is no difference from lighting a furnace to burn a strand of hair". He Jin did not listen to him and ended up being assassinated by the eunuch faction, while the warlord Dong Zhuo took advantage of the power vacuum to enter Luoyang and seize control of the central government.

Under Yuan Shao

Chen Lin escaped from Luoyang and travelled to Ji Province, where he became a secretary of the warlord Yuan Shao, who became the Governor of Ji Province in 191. Chen helped Yuan write official documents. Around 199 or 200, Yuan asked Chen Lin to write a "declaration of war" against his arch rival, Cao Cao, who then controlled the Han central government and the figurehead Emperor Xian (r. 89–220). The piece of writing, called "Proclamation to Yu Province on Behalf of Yuan Shao" (為ため袁紹檄げき豫よ州しゅう), contained a list of Cao Cao's "crimes", insults directed at Cao Cao's ancestors, and calls for the people in Yu Province to rise up against Cao Cao (among other things). In 200, Cao Cao defeated Yuan Shao at the decisive Battle of Guandu.

Under Cao Cao

After Yuan Shao's death in 202, internal conflict broke out between his sons Yuan Tan and Yuan Shang over control of their father's territories in northern China. Cui Yan, whom both Yuan Tan and Yuan Shang wanted on their side, refused to help either of them and was thrown into prison. Chen Lin and Yin Kui (陰かげ夔) exculpated and saved Cui Yan. In 204, during the Battle of Ye between Cao Cao and Yuan Shang, Cao Cao sent a messenger to meet Chen Lin and ask him to surrender, but Chen Lin refused and was taken prisoner after Ye city fell to Cao Cao.

Many people feared for Chen Lin as they thought that Cao Cao would execute him for writing the "Proclamation to Yu Province on Behalf of Yuan Shao". However, Cao Cao not only spared life of Chen Lin because he appreciated his literary talent, but also recruited him to serve as a Libationer and Military Adviser (軍ぐん謀はかりごと祭さい酒しゅ) under the Minister of Works (司つかさ空そら). Chen Lin served under Cao Cao since then and helped him write official documents. He died in a great plague which rampaged through northern China in 217.

Works

His surviving writings include literary yuefu written in imitation of current folk ballads, and he is considered one of the major exponents of this typical Jian'an poetry style, along with Cao Cao and others. Cao Cao's son and successor, Cao Pi, ranked Chen Lin as what he termed the "Seven Scholars of Jian'an". The other six members of the "Seven Scholars of Jian'an" were Wang Can, Ruan Yu (阮瑀), Liu Zhen (劉りゅう楨), Xu Gan, Ying Yang (應おう瑒) and Kong Rong. In 218, the year following the plague, Cao Pi wrote a letter to his friend Wu Zhi lamenting that Chen Lin and three other members of the "Seven Scholars of Jian'an" (Xu Gan, Liu Zhen and Ying Chang) had died in the previous year.

One of Chen Lin's yuefu poems was translated by Wai-lim Yip as "Water the Horses at a Breach in the Great Wall".

See also

• Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms
• Jian'an poetry

Further reading

• Chen, Shou (3rd century). Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi).
• Pei, Songzhi (5th century). Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi zhu).
• Watson, Burton (1971). Chinese Lyricism: Shih Poetry from the Second to the Twelfth Century. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-03464-4.
• Yip, Wai-lim (1997). Chinese Poetry: An Anthology of Major Modes and Genres'. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 0-8223-1946-2.