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Jizhou (ancient China)

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Jizhou
Chinese冀州

Ji Province, also known by its Chinese name Jizhou, was one of the Nine Provinces of ancient China. It is referenced in Chinese historical texts such as the Tribute of Yu,[1] Erya[2] and Rites of Zhou.[3] It consisted of lands north of the Yellow River, including the modern province Hebei, and the municipalities of Beijing and Tianjin.

History

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Yu Gong account

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The Yu Gong treatise in the Book of Documents contains an account of Jizhou province and Yu the Great's actions there. According to the account, Yu mainly focused on water control projects for the Hukou waterfall, the Taiyuan river (modern-day Fen River), the Wei River and the Liang, K'i, Heng and Chang rivers. The treatise also mentions the white clay soil of the region, its high tax revenues, its middle quality fields and the native inhabitants who wore skins.[4]

Han dynasty

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Map of Chinese provinces in the prelude of Three Kingdoms period.
(In the late Eastern Han dynasty, 189 CE).

In the late Han dynasty, much of northern China, including Jizhou, was controlled by the warlord Yuan Shao and headquartered at Ye. In 200, Yuan Shao was defeated by the rival warlord Cao Cao at the Battle of Guandu, and died shortly thereafter. His sons Yuan Shang and Yuan Tan took control of his territories. In the following years, Cao Cao launched an invasion of northern China, capturing Ye in 204 and decisively winning the Battle of White Wolf Mountain in 207. Cao Cao and his successors controlled Jizhou for the rest of the Han dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period.

References

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  1. ^ Book of Documents, Tribute of Yu,冀州：既すんで載の壺つぼ口こう，治ち梁はり及岐。既すんで修おさむ太ふとし原はら，至いたり于岳陽ひ；覃懷厎績，至いたり于衡漳。厥土惟おもんみ白しろ壤，厥賦惟おもんみ上上じょうじょう錯，厥田惟中いちゅう中ちゅう。恆つね、衛まもる既すんで從したがえ，大陸たいりく既すんで作さく。島しま夷えびす皮かわ服ふく，夾右碣石入にゅう于河。The quote is taken from wikisource which had the text.
  2. ^ Erya,Explaining Earth(釋しゃく地ち), "兩りょう河間こうま曰冀州しゅう，河南かなん曰豫州しゅう，河西かさい曰雝州しゅう，漢かん南みなみ曰荊州しゅう，江南こうなん曰楊州しゅう，濟すみ河間こうま曰兗州しゅう，濟すみ東ひがし曰徐州しゅう，燕つばめ曰幽州しゅう，齊ひとし曰營州しゅう。——九州きゅうしゅう"。
  3. ^ Rites of Zhou,Offices of Summer (夏なつ官かん司馬しば),"河かわ內曰冀州，其山鎮曰霍山，其澤藪やぶ曰楊紆，其川そのかわ漳，其浸汾、潞，其利松柏しょうはく，其民五ご男なん三さん女じょ，其畜宜むべ牛うし羊ひつじ，其穀宜むべ黍きび稷きび。正せい北きた曰并州しゅう，其山鎮曰恒つね山さん，其澤藪やぶ曰昭余あまり祁，其川そのかわ虖池、嘔夷，其浸淶、易えき，其利布帛ふはく，其民二男じなん三さん女じょ，其畜宜よろし五ご擾，其穀宜よろし五ご種しゅ。"
  4. ^ Karlgren, Bernhard (1950). The Book of Documents. Stockholm: Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities. pp. 12–14. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
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