Jinan Commandery

Jinan Commandery (Chinese: 濟すみ南みなみ郡ぐん) was a commandery in historical China, located in what is now central Shandong province.

Jinan was established in early Western Han dynasty under the Qi Kingdom of Liu Fei, son of Emperor Gaozu. In 165 BC, Liu Ze (劉りゅう則のり), the grandson of Fei and reigning King of Qi, died without issue and the Han court divided the kingdom among the sons of Fei, and Jinan became a short-lived principality ruled by Liu Piguang. During the Rebellion of the Seven States, Piguang was killed, and Jinan was converted to a commandery. In late Western Han dynasty, the commandery consisted of 14 counties and marquessates: Dongpingling (東平とうへい陵りょう), Zouping (鄒平), Tai (臺だい), Liangzou (梁りょう鄒), Tugu (土ど鼓こ), Yuling (於陵), Yangqiu (陽ひ丘おか), Banyang (般陽), Jian (菅かん), Zhaoyang (朝陽あさひ), Licheng (歷れき城じょう), Xiao (猇), Zhu (著ちょ) and Yicheng (宜むべ成なり). The population in 2 AD was 642,884, in 140,761 households.

For much of Eastern Han, Jinan was a nominal kingdom/principality and served as the fief of various members of the imperial clan, with the first being Liu Kang, son of Emperor Guangwu, in 39 AD. In Cao Wei dynasty, the Prince of Jinan was Cao Kai (曹楷), a grandson of Cao Cao and a son of Cao Zhang, Prince of Rencheng. Jinan reverted to a commandery after the foundation of Western Jin. In 140 AD, the territory consisted of 10 counties, including Dongpingling, Zhu, Yuling, Tai, Jian, Tugu, Liangzou, Zouping, Dongzhaoyang (東ひがし朝陽あさひ) and Licheng. The population in 140 AD was 453,308, in 78,544 households.

The commandery was conquered by Northern Wei in early Northern and Southern Dynasties period, during Emperor Ming of Song's reign. The commandery then consisted of 6 counties, namely Licheng, Zhaoyang, Zhu, Tugu, Fengling (逢陵) and Pingling (平たいら陵りょう). The Book of Song recorded a population of 38,175 in 5,056 households, while the Book of Wei recorded a population of 68,820 in 20,017 households. The commandery was abolished in early Sui dynasty.

Princes of Jinan

• Liu Piguang (劉りゅう辟光), 164–154 BC;
• Liu Kang (康やすし), Prince An (安やす) of Jinan, 41–99;
• Liu Cuo (錯), Prince Jian (簡) of Jinan, 99–105;
• Liu Xiang (香こう), Prince Xiao (孝こう) of Jinan, 105–125;
• Liu Xian (顯あらわ), Prince Li (釐) of Jinan, 125–128;
• Liu Guang (廣ひろ), Prince Dao (悼) of Jinan, 129–153;
• Liu Kang (康やすし), 174–?;
• Liu Yun (贇), ?–207;
• Liu Kai (開ひらく), 207–220;
• Cao Kai (曹楷), 246–265.