Cheng Pu

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Cheng Pu
程ほど普ひろし
General Who Defeats Bandits (盪寇將軍しょうぐん)
In office
? (?)–? (?)
Administrator of Jiangxia (江夏えなつ太守たいしゅ)
In office
c. early 210s (c. early 210s) – ? (?)
Administrator of Nan Commandery
(南みなみ郡ぐん太守たいしゅ)
In office
210 (210) – c. early 210s (c. early 210s)
Personal details
BornUnknown[1]
Fengrun District, Tangshan, Hebei
DiedAfter 210[a]
ChildrenCheng Zi
OccupationGeneral, politician
Courtesy nameDemou (德とく謀はかりごと)
Other names"Elder Cheng" (程ほど公こう)
In this Chinese name, the family name is Cheng.

Cheng Pu (pronunciationⓘ) (died after 210),[2] courtesy name Demou, was a Chinese military general and politician serving under the warlord Sun Quan during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He previously served under Sun Quan's predecessors: Sun Jian (Sun Quan's father) and Sun Ce (Sun Quan's elder brother).[3]

Early career under Sun Jian[edit]

Cheng Pu was from Tuyin County (土ど垠縣), Youbeiping Commandery (右みぎ北平きたひら郡ぐん), which is located east of present-day Fengrun District, Tangshan, Hebei. He initially served as a minor official in the local commandery office. He was good-looking, resourceful, and well versed in military strategy.[4]

Cheng Pu later came to serve Sun Jian and joined him in suppressing the Yellow Turban Rebellion in the 180s, defeating the rebels at Wan (宛あて; present-day Wancheng District, Nanyang, Henan) and Deng (鄧; present-day Dengzhou, Henan). In 190, he participated in the campaign against Dong Zhuo on Sun Jian's side, and defeated Dong Zhuo's forces at Yangren (陽ひ人じん; believed to be near present-day Wenquan, Henan). Cheng Pu fought in several battles and had been wounded many times.[5]

Service under Sun Ce[edit]

See also: Sun Ce's conquests in Jiangdong

Sun Jian died in 191 and was succeeded by his eldest son Sun Ce. Cheng Pu continued serving under Sun Ce and accompanied him on his conquests in the Jiangdong region. He aided Sun Ce in conquering Lujiang Commandery (廬いおり江え郡ぐん) before they crossed the Yangtze River and attacked Hengjiang (橫江よこえ) and Dangli (當とう利り), where they defeated Zhang Ying (張ちょう英すぐる) and Yu Mi (于糜), the subordinates of a rival warlord Liu Yao. Cheng Pu also participated in the conquests of Moling (秣まぐさ陵りょう), Hushu (湖みずうみ熟じゅく), Jurong (句く容よう) and Qu'e (曲きょく阿おもね). In recognition of his contributions, he was given an additional 2,000 troops under his command and awarded 50 horses. He made many achievements in battle in the subsequent conquests of Wucheng (烏がらす程ほど), Shimu (石木いしき), Bomen (波なみ門もん), Lingchuan (陵りょう傳でん) and Yuhang (餘よ杭くい).[6]

After Sun Ce conquered Kuaiji Commandery (around present-day Shaoxing, Zhejiang) from its administrator Wang Lang, he appointed Cheng Pu as the Commandant (都と尉じょう) of Wu Commandery, with his administrative headquarters at Qiantang County (錢ぜに唐から縣けん; present-day Hangzhou, Zhejiang). Cheng Pu was later reassigned as the Commandant of Danyang Commandery (丹に楊郡) and he moved to Shicheng County (石城せきじょう縣けん). He participated in the campaigns at Xuancheng (宣せん城じょう) and Jing (涇), and helped to pacify rebellions in Wu (吳ご), Lingyang (陵りょう陽ひ) and Chungu (春はる穀こく) counties. When Sun Ce was attacking the bandits led by Zu Lang (祖そ郎ろう), he was surrounded by the enemy, but Cheng Pu, accompanied by only one horseman, charged into the encirclement to rescue his lord. Cheng Pu fought fiercely and the bandits withdrew in fear, allowing Sun Ce to escape. Cheng Pu was later appointed as General of the Household Who Defeats Bandits (盪寇中ちゅう郎ろう將しょう) and the Administrator (太守たいしゅ) of Lingling Commandery (零れい陵りょう郡ぐん). He followed Sun Ce in the campaigns against Liu Xun and Huang Zu at Xunyang (尋ひろ陽ひ) and Shaxian (沙すな羨とも) respectively, before returning to his garrison at Shicheng.[7]

Service under Sun Quan[edit]

When Sun Ce died in 200, Cheng Pu, along with Zhang Zhao and others, pledged allegiance to Sun Quan (Sun Ce's younger brother) and travelled around Sun Quan's territories to attack those who refused to submit to the new lord. Under Sun Quan, Cheng Pu fought at the Battle of Jiangxia in 208 and aided in the conquest of Le'an (樂らく安やす) when he passed by Yuzhang (豫よ章あきら). He later replaced Taishi Ci as the commander of a garrison at Haihun (海うみ昏). During the Battle of Red Cliffs of 208–209, Cheng Pu and Zhou Yu served as the Left and Right Commanders of Sun Quan's army respectively, and scored a major victory in the battle against Cao Cao's forces. Cheng Pu and Zhou Yu also led Sun Quan's forces in the subsequent Battle of Jiangling, a follow-up to the Battle of Red Cliffs, and defeated Cao Cao's general Cao Ren. After those battles, Cheng Pu was promoted to Major-General (裨將軍ぐん) and he served as the Administrator (太守たいしゅ) of Jiangxia Commandery (江夏えなつ郡ぐん), with the commandery capital at Shaxian County (沙すな羨とも縣けん), and was in charge of four counties.[8]

Cheng Pu was the eldest among all the senior military officers under Sun Quan, so the others often addressed him as "Elder Cheng" (程ほど公こう) to show their respect towards him. He was also known to be a generous man who enjoyed mingling with the scholar-gentry. When Zhou Yu died, Cheng Pu was assigned to replace him as the Administrator (太守たいしゅ) of Nan Commandery (南みなみ郡ぐん). After Sun Quan agreed to allow his ally Liu Bei to temporarily occupy Nan Commandery, Cheng Pu was relocated to Jiangxia Commandery. Cheng Pu was subsequently promoted to General Who Defeats Bandits (盪寇將軍しょうぐん). It is not known when he died.[9]

Death[edit]

Cheng Pu's biography did not state when he died. However, the Wu Shu (吳くれ書しょ; Book of Wu), written by Wei Zhao, mentioned that Cheng Pu killed hundreds of traitors and had their bodies thrown into a fire. He became ill after that incident and died after more than 100 days later.[10]

In May 229, after Sun Quan declared himself emperor and established the state of Eastern Wu, he granted Cheng Pu's son, Cheng Zi (程ほど咨), a marquis title in recognition of Cheng Pu's contributions.[11]

In popular culture[edit]

Cheng Pu became a playable character in Koei's Dynasty Warriors 9. He is also a character in Total War: Three Kingdoms.

In the 2010 TV show Three Kingdoms, Cheng Pu dies from an arrow shot by Shamoke during a battle around 220 with Shu forces. After claiming Jing Province back and also beheading Guan Yu, Liu Bei declared war on Sun Quan's Wu out of retaliation and grief. To counter the move, Sun Quan sent two generals, Han Dang and Zhou Tai with around 80,000 troops to face the oncoming Shu forces. However, Shu's Huang Zhong and Shamoke routed Wu's forces without much issue which caused both Han Dang and Zhou Tai to be stuck in the melee without any way of escape. Cheng Pu then charged into the battle zone with around 500 cavalry units to try and extract both Han Dang and Zhou Tai out but in the process got shot in the chest by Shamoke and subsequently died of his wounds.

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ The Sanguozhi did not record when Cheng Pu died. However, it is known that he died after 210, the year in which Zhou Yu died.[2]

References[edit]

  1. ^ While Cheng Pu's birth year was not recorded, a Jiang Biao Zhuan annotation in Zhou Yu's biography in Sanguozhi indicated that he was much older than Zhou. (《江こう表おもて传》曰：普ひろし颇以年ねん长...) Jiang Biao Zhuan annotation in Sanguozhi, vol. 54. Cheng's own biography in Sanguzhi also indicated that that he was the oldest among the front-line generals. (先さき出で诸将，普ひろし最さい年とし长...) Sanguozhi, vol.55
  2. ^ a b (周しゅう瑜卒，代だい領りょう南みなみ郡ぐん太守たいしゅ。權けん分ぶん荊州與あずか劉りゅう備，普ひろし復ふく還かえ領りょう江夏えなつ，遷盪寇將軍ぐん，卒そつ。) Sanguozhi vol. 55.
  3. ^ de Crespigny (2007), p. 90.
  4. ^ (程ほど普ひろし字じ德とく謀はかりごと，右みぎ北平きたひら土ど垠人也。初はつ為ため州しゅう郡ぐん吏，有ゆう容貌ようぼう計略けいりゃく，善ぜん於應對おうたい。) Sanguozhi vol. 55.
  5. ^ (從したがえ孫まご堅けん征伐せいばつ，討黃巾はば於宛、鄧，破やぶ董ただし卓たく於陽人じん，攻おさむ城野じょうの戰せん，身み被ひ創そう夷えびす。) Sanguozhi vol. 55.
  6. ^ (堅けん薨，復ふく隨ずい孫まご策さく在ざい淮南ワイナン，從したがえ攻おさむ廬いおり江こう，拔之，還かえ俱東渡わたり。策さく到いた橫江よこえ、當とう利り，破やぶ張ちょう英すぐる、于麋等とう，轉てん下秣しもまくさ陵りょう、湖みずうみ熟じゅく、句く容よう、曲きょく阿おもね，普ひろし皆みな有功ゆうこう，增兵ぞうへい二に千せん，騎き五ご十じゅう匹ひき。進すすむ破やぶ烏がらす程ほど、石木いしき、波なみ門もん、陵りょう傳でん、餘よ杭くい，普ひろし功こう為ため多た。) Sanguozhi vol. 55.
  7. ^ (策さく入會にゅうかい稽，以普為ため吳くれ郡ぐん都と尉じょう，治ち錢ぜに唐とう。後こう徙丹楊都尉じょう，居きょ石城せきじょう。復ふく討宣城じょう、涇、安あん吳ご、陵りょう陽ひ、春はる穀こく諸しょ賊ぞく，皆みな破やぶ之これ。策さく甞攻祖そ郎ろう，大だい為所しどころ圍かこえ，普ひろし與あずか一いち騎き共ども蔽扞策さく，驅か馬うま疾呼しっこ，以矛突賊，賊ぞく披，策さく因いん隨ずい出で。後こう拜はい盪寇中ちゅう郎ろう將はた，領りょう零れい陵りょう太守たいしゅ，從したがえ討劉勳くん於尋陽ひ，進攻しんこう黃き祖そ於沙羨とも，還かえ鎮石城じょう。) Sanguozhi vol. 55.
  8. ^ (策さく薨，與あずか張ちょう昭あきら等とう共ども輔孫權けん，遂とげ周旋しゅうせん三さん郡ぐん，平ひら討不服ふく。又また從したがえ征せい江夏えなつ，還かえ過か豫よ章あきら，別べつ討樂安やす。樂らく安やす平定へいてい，代だい太ふとし史し慈備海うみ昏，與あずか周しゅう瑜為左右さゆう督とく，破やぶ曹公於烏林りん，又また進攻しんこう南みなみ郡ぐん，走はし曹仁。拜はい裨將軍ぐん，領りょう江夏えなつ太守たいしゅ，治ち沙すな羨とも，食しょく四よん縣けん。) Sanguozhi vol. 55.
  9. ^ (先さき出で諸しょ將しょう，普ひろし最年長さいねんちょう，時人じじん皆みな呼よび程ほど公おおやけ。性せい好こう施與せよ，喜き士し大夫たいふ。周しゅう瑜卒，代だい領りょう南みなみ郡ぐん太守たいしゅ。權けん分ぶん荊州與あずか劉りゅう備，普ひろし復ふく還かえ領りょう江夏えなつ，遷盪寇將軍ぐん，卒そつ。) Sanguozhi vol. 55.
  10. ^ (吳くれ書しょ曰：普ひろし殺ころせ叛者數すう百ひゃく人にん，皆みな使し投とう火ひ，即日そくじつ病びょう癘，百ひゃく餘よ日にち卒そつ。) Wu Shu annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 55.
  11. ^ (權けん稱しょう尊號そんごう，追おい論ろん普ひろし功こう，封ふう子こ咨為亭てい侯こう。) Sanguozhi vol. 55.
  • Chen, Shou (3rd century). Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi).
  • de Crespigny, Rafe (2007). A biographical dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms (23–220 AD). Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-15605-0.
  • Pei, Songzhi (5th century). Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi zhu).
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