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Haojing

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Haojing
Chinese鎬京
PostalHaoking
Zongzhou
Chinese宗そう周あまね
PostalTsungchow

Hao or Haojing, also called Zongzhou (宗そう周あまね),[1] was one of the two settlements comprising the capital of the Western Zhou dynasty (1066–770 BCE), the other being Fēng or Fēngjīng (灃京). Together they were known as Fenghao and stood on opposite banks of the Feng River (沣河): with Feng on west bank and Hao on the east bank. Archaeological discoveries indicate that the ruins of Haojing lie next to the Feng River around the north end of Doumen Subdistrict (斗と门街道どう) in present-day Xi'an, Shaanxi Province. It was the center of government for King Wu of Zhou (r. 1046-1043 BCE).

History[edit]

King Wen of Zhou (r. 1099-1056 BCE) moved the Zhou capital eastward from Qíyì (岐邑) to Fēngjīng; his son King Wu later relocated across the river to Haojing, next to a certain lake Hao (鎬池).[2] Fēngjīng became the site of the Zhou ancestral shrine and gardens whilst Haojing contained the royal residence and government headquarters. The settlement was also known as Zōngzhōu to indicate its role as the capital of the vassal states.[3]

During the reign of King Cheng of Zhou (r. 1042–1021 BCE), the Duke of Zhou built a second settlement at Luoyi, also known as Chengzhou (成なり周しゅう), in order to reinforce control of the eastern part of the kingdom. From then on, although King Cheng was permanently stationed in Chengzhou, Haojing remained the main operations center.

At the time of King Zhao of Zhou (r. 996–977 BCE), further reinforcement of the eastern part of the Zhou kingdom took place thus Chéngzhōu became the major center of operations.

In King You of Zhou's reign (r. 781–771 BCE), the Marquess of Shen with support from Quanrong nomads from the west overran Hàojīng heralding the end of the Western Zhou dynasty. All the royal buildings in the settlement were razed to the ground although it is not known if those in Fēngjīng survived the conflagration. The newly enthroned King Ping of Zhou (r. 770-720 BCE) thereafter had no choice but to move the capital east to Chéngzhōu. For sometime after, there were still people who referred to themselves as "Western Zhou"[citation needed] and to Chéngzhōu as Zōngzhōu.[4]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Zhu Xi, Collected Commentaries on the Classic of Poetry (《詩經しきょう集しゅう傳でん》); Siku Quanshu's Essentials Gathered in Chizao Hall version (《摛藻堂どう四よん庫こ全書ぜんしょ薈要》本ほん), vol. 4-5, p. 89 of 198. quote: (宗そう周あまね，鎬京也。)
  2. ^ Pei Yin, Collected Explanations on Records of the Grand Historian (《史記しき集しゅう解かい》); Siku Quanshu version vol. 4 p. 10 of 123, quote: "徐じょ廣ひろ曰豐在京ざいきょう兆ちょう鄠縣東ひがし有ゆう靈れい臺だい鎬在上林うえばやし昆こん明あきら北きた有ゆう鎬池去さ豐ゆたか二に十じゅう五里皆在長安南數十里". rough translation: "Xu Guang said: 'Feng was in the eastern part of the Hu prefecture in Jingzhao, there was the Numinous Terrace; Hao was to the north of Shanglin's [i.e. the imperial park's] Kunming [Pool; named after the Kunming lake, i.e. Dian Lake]; there was Lake Hao; [Hao was] twenty-five li from Feng; all were several decades of li from Chang'an.'"
  3. ^ Third scroll of the Chang'an Annals (长安志こころざし) interpreted by Huangfu Mi in his Age of Kings (book) (帝王ていおう世紀せいき)
  4. ^ Classic of Rites, "A summary account of sacrifices" (《禮れい記き·祭さい統みつる》); annotated by Zheng. Wuying Hall's Thirty Classics Annotated and Clarified version (《武英たけひで殿どの十じゅう三さん經けい注疏ちゅうそ》本ほん). vol. 23, p. 124 of 140. quote: (周しゅう既すんで去さ鎬京猶なお名めい王城おうじょう為ため宗そう周あまね也)

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