(Translated by https://www.hiragana.jp/)
Isotopes of silver - Wikipedia Jump to content

Isotopes of silver

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Isotopes of silver (47Ag)
Main isotopes[1] Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
105Ag synth 41.3 d εいぷしろん 105Pd
γがんま –
106mAg synth 8.28 d εいぷしろん 106Pd
γがんま –
107Ag 51.8% stable
108mAg synth 439 y εいぷしろん 108Pd
IT 108Ag
γがんま –
109Ag 48.2% stable
110m2Ag synth 249.86 d βべーた− 110Cd
γがんま –
111Ag synth 7.43 d βべーた− 111Cd
γがんま –
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Ag)

Naturally occurring silver (47Ag) is composed of the two stable isotopes 107Ag and 109Ag in almost equal proportions, with 107Ag being slightly more abundant (51.839% natural abundance). Notably, silver is the only element with all stable istopes having nuclear spins of 1/2. Thus both 107Ag and 109Ag nuclei produce narrow lines in nuclear magnetic resonance spectra.[4]

40 radioisotopes have been characterized with the most stable being 105Ag with a half-life of 41.29 days, 111Ag with a half-life of 7.43 days, and 112Ag with a half-life of 3.13 hours.

All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than an hour, and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than 3 minutes. This element has numerous meta states, with the most stable being 108mAg (half-life 439 years), 110mAg (half-life 249.86 days) and 106mAg (half-life 8.28 days).

Isotopes of silver range in atomic weight from 91.960 u (92Ag) to 132.969 u (133Ag). The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, 107Ag, is electron capture and the primary mode after is beta decay. The primary decay products before 107Ag are palladium (element 46) isotopes and the primary products after are cadmium (element 48) isotopes.

The palladium isotope 107Pd decays by beta emission to 107Ag with a half-life of 6.5 million years. Iron meteorites are the only objects with a high enough palladium/silver ratio to yield measurable variations in 107Ag abundance. Radiogenic 107Ag was first discovered in the Santa Clara meteorite in 1978.

The discoverers suggest that the coalescence and differentiation of iron-cored small planets may have occurred 10 million years after a nucleosynthetic event. 107Pd versus 107Ag correlations observed in bodies, which have clearly been melted since the accretion of the Solar System, must reflect the presence of live short-lived nuclides in the early Solar System.

List of isotopes[edit]

Nuclide
[n 1] 		Z N Isotopic mass (Da)[5]
[n 2][n 3] 		Half-life[1]
[n 4] 		Decay
mode[1]
[n 5] 		Daughter
isotope
[n 6][n 7] 		Spin and
parity[1]
[n 8][n 4] 		Natural abundance (mole fraction)
Excitation energy[n 4] Normal proportion[1] Range of variation
92Ag 47 45 91.95971(43)# 1# ms
[>400 ns] 		βべーた+ 92Pd
p 91Pd
93Ag 47 46 92.95019(43)# 228(16) ns βべーた+ 93Pd 9/2+#
p 92Pd
βべーた+, p 92Rh
94Ag 47 47 93.94374(43)# 27(2) ms βべーた+ (>99.8%) 94Pd 0+#
βべーた+, p (<0.2%) 93Rh
94m1Ag 1350(400)# keV 470(10) ms βべーた+ (83%) 94Pd (7+)
βべーた+, p (17%) 93Rh
94m2Ag 6500(550)# keV 400(40) ms βべーた+ (~68.4%) 94Pd (21+)
βべーた+, p (~27%) 93Rh
p (4.1%) 93Pd
2p (0.5%) 92Rh
95Ag 47 48 94.93569(43)# 1.78(6) s βべーた+ (97.7%) 95Pd (9/2+)
βべーた+, p (2.3%) 94Rh
95m1Ag 344.2(3) keV <0.5 s IT 95Ag (1/2−)
95m2Ag 2531.3(15) keV <16 ms IT 95Ag (23/2+)
95m3Ag 4860.0(15) keV <40 ms IT 95Ag (37/2+)
96Ag 47 49 95.93074(10) 4.45(3) s βべーた+ (95.8%) 96Pd (8+)
βべーた+, p (4.2%) 95Rh
96m1Ag 0(50)# keV 6.9(5) s βべーた+ (85.1%) 96Pd (2+)
βべーた+, p (14.9%) 95Rh
96m2Ag 2461.4(3) keV 103.2(45) μみゅーs IT 96Ag (13-)
96m3Ag 2686.7(4) keV 1.561(16) μみゅーs IT 96Ag (15+)
96m4Ag 6951.8(14) keV 132(17) ns IT 96Ag (19+)
97Ag 47 50 96.923881(13) 25.5(3) s βべーた+ 97Pd (9/2+)
97mAg 620(40) keV 100# ms (1/2-#)
98Ag 47 51 97.92156(4) 47.5(3) s βべーた+ (99.99%) 98Pd (6)+
βべーた+, p (.0012%) 97Rh
98mAg 107.28(10) keV 161(7) ns IT 98Ag (4+)
99Ag 47 52 98.917646(7) 2.07(5) min βべーた+ 99Pd (9/2)+
99mAg 506.2(4) keV 10.5(5) s IT 99Ag (1/2−)
100Ag 47 53 99.916115(5) 2.01(9) min βべーた+ 100Pd (5)+
100mAg 15.52(16) keV 2.24(13) min IT 100Ag (2)+
βべーた+ 100Pd
101Ag 47 54 100.912684(5) 11.1(3) min βべーた+ 101Pd 9/2+
101mAg 274.1(3) keV 3.10(10) s IT 101Ag 1/2−
102Ag 47 55 101.911705(9) 12.9(3) min βべーた+ 102Pd 5+
102mAg 9.40(7) keV 7.7(5) min βべーた+ (51%) 102Pd 2+
IT (49%) 102Ag
103Ag 47 56 102.908961(4) 65.7(7) min βべーた+ 103Pd 7/2+
103mAg 134.45(4) keV 5.7(3) s IT 103Ag 1/2−
104Ag 47 57 103.908624(5) 69.2(10) min βべーた+ 104Pd 5+
104mAg 6.90(22) keV 33.5(20) min βべーた+ (>99.93%) 104Pd 2+
IT (<0.07%) 104Ag
105Ag 47 58 104.906526(5) 41.29(7) d βべーた+ 105Pd 1/2−
105mAg 25.468(16) keV 7.23(16) min IT (99.66%) 105Ag 7/2+
βべーた+ (.34%) 105Pd
106Ag 47 59 105.906663(3) 23.96(4) min βべーた+ 106Pd 1+
βべーた− (rare) 106Cd
106mAg 89.66(7) keV 8.28(2) d βべーた+ 106Pd 6+
IT (rare) 106Ag
107Ag[n 9] 47 60 106.9050915(26) Stable 1/2− 0.51839(8)
107mAg 93.125(19) keV 44.3(2) s IT 107Ag 7/2+
108Ag 47 61 107.9059502(26) 2.382(11) min βべーた− (97.15%) 108Cd 1+
βべーた+ (2.85%) 108Pd
108mAg 109.466(7) keV 439(9) y βべーた+ (91.3%) 108Pd 6+
IT (8.96%) 108Ag
109Ag[n 10] 47 62 108.9047558(14) Stable 1/2− 0.48161(8)
109mAg 88.0337(10) keV 39.79(21) s IT 109Ag 7/2+
110Ag 47 63 109.9061107(14) 24.56(11) s βべーた− (99.7%) 110Cd 1+
EC (.3%) 110Pd
110m1Ag 1.112(16) keV 660(40) ns IT 110Ag 2−
110m2Ag 117.59(5) keV 249.863(24) d βべーた− (98.67%) 110Cd 6+
IT (1.33%) 110Ag
111Ag[n 10] 47 64 110.9052968(16) 7.433(10) d βべーた− 111Cd 1/2−
111mAg 59.82(4) keV 64.8(8) s IT (99.3%) 111Ag 7/2+
βべーた− (.7%) 111Cd
112Ag 47 65 111.9070485(26) 3.130(8) h βべーた− 112Cd 2(−)
113Ag 47 66 112.906573(18) 5.37(5) h βべーた− 113mCd 1/2−
113mAg 43.50(10) keV 68.7(16) s IT (64%) 113Ag 7/2+
βべーた− (36%) 113Cd
114Ag 47 67 113.908823(5) 4.6(1) s βべーた− 114Cd 1+
114mAg 198.9(10) keV 1.50(5) ms IT 114Ag (6+)
115Ag 47 68 114.908767(20) 20.0(5) min βべーた− 115mCd 1/2−
115mAg 41.16(10) keV 18.0(7) s βべーた− (79%) 115Cd 7/2+
IT (21%) 115Ag
116Ag 47 69 115.911387(4) 3.83(8) min βべーた− 116Cd (0-)
116m1Ag 47.90(10) keV 20(1) s βべーた− (93%) 116Cd (3+)
IT (7%) 116Ag
116m2Ag 129.80(22) keV 9.3(3) s βべーた− (92%) 116Cd (6-)
IT (8%) 116Ag
117Ag 47 70 116.911774(15) 73.6(14) s βべーた− 117mCd 1/2−#
117mAg 28.6(2) keV 5.34(5) s βべーた− (94%) 117mCd 7/2+#
IT (6%) 117Ag
118Ag 47 71 117.9145955(27) 3.76(15) s βべーた− 118Cd (2-)
118m1Ag 45.79(9) keV ~0.1 μみゅーs IT 118Ag 1(−) to 2(−)
118m2Ag 127.63(10) keV 2.0(2) s βべーた− (59%) 118Cd (5+)
IT (41%) 118Ag
118m3Ag 279.37(20) keV ~0.1 μみゅーs IT 118Ag (3+)
119Ag 47 72 118.915570(16) 6.0(5) s βべーた− 119mCd 1/2−#
119mAg 20(20)# keV 2.1(1) s βべーた− 119Cd 7/2+#
120Ag 47 73 119.918785(5) 1.52(7) s βべーた− (>99.997%) 120Cd 4(+)
βべーた−, n (<.003%) 119Cd
120m1Ag 0(50)# keV 940(100) ms (0−, 1-)
120m2Ag 203.0(10) keV 384(22) ms IT (68%) 120Sn 7(−)
βべーた− (32%) 120Cd
121Ag 47 74 120.920125(13) 777(10) ms βべーた− (99.92%) 121Cd 7/2+#
βべーた−, n (.076%) 120Cd
121mAg 20(20)# keV 200# ms 1/2-#
122Ag 47 75 121.92366(4) 529(13) ms βべーた− (>99.814%) 122Cd (3+)
βべーた−, n (.186%) 121Cd
122m1Ag 80(50)# keV 550(50) ms βべーた− 122Cd (1-)
βべーた−, n (rare) 121Cd
IT (rare) 122Ag
122m2Ag 80(50)# keV 200(50) ms βべーた− 122Cd (9-)
βべーた−, n (rare) 121Cd
IT (rare) 122Ag
122m3Ag 171(50)# keV 6.3(1) μみゅーs IT 122Ag (1+)
123Ag 47 76 122.92532(4) 294(5) ms βべーた− (99.44%) 123Cd (7/2+)
βべーた−, n (.56%) 122Cd
123m1Ag 59.5(5) keV 100# ms βべーた− 123Cd (1/2-)
βべーた−, n (rare) 122Cd
123m2Ag 1450(14)# keV 202(20) ns IT 123Ag
123m3Ag 1472.8(8) keV 393(16) ns IT 123Ag (17/2-)
124Ag 47 77 123.92890(27)# 177.9(26) ms βべーた− (98.7%) 124Cd (2-)
βべーた−, n (1.3%) 123Cd
124m1Ag 50(50)# keV 144(20) ms βべーた− 124Cd 9-#
βべーた−, n 123Cd
124m2Ag 155.6(5)# keV 140(50) ns IT 124Ag (1+)
124m3Ag 231.1(7)# keV 1.48(15) μみゅーs IT 124Ag (1-)
125Ag 47 78 124.93074(47) 160(5) ms βべーた− (88.2%) 125Cd (9/2+)
βべーた−, n (11.8%) 124Cd
125m1Ag 97.1(5)# keV 50# ms (1/2-)
125m2Ag 97.1(5)# keV 491(20) ns (17/2-)
126Ag 47 79 125.93481(22)# 52(10) ms βべーた− (86.3%) 126Cd 3+#
βべーた−, n (13.7%) 125Cd
126m1Ag 100(100)# keV 108.4(24) ms 9-#
126m2Ag 97.1(5)# keV 27(6) μみゅーs IT 126Ag 1-#
127Ag 47 80 126.93704(22)# 89(2) ms βべーた− (85.4%) 127Cd (9/2+)
βべーた−, n (14.6%) 126Cd
127m1Ag 20(20)# keV 20# ms (1/2-)
127m2Ag 1938(17) keV 67.5(9) ms βべーた− (91.2%) 127Cd (27/2+)
IT (8.8%) 127Ag
128Ag 47 81 127.94127(32)# 60(3) ms βべーた− (80%) 128Cd 3+#
βべーた−, n (20%) 127Cd
129Ag 47 82 128.94432(43)# 49.9(35) ms βべーた− (>80%) 129Cd 9/2+#
βべーた−, n (<20%) 128Cd
129mAg 20(20)# keV 10# ms 1/2−#
130Ag 47 83 129.95073(46)# 40.6(45) ms βべーた− 130Cd 1-#
131Ag 47 84 130.95625(54)# 35(8) ms βべーた− 131Cd 9/2+#
βべーた−, n 130Cd
βべーた−, 2n 129Cd
132Ag 47 85 131.96307(54)# 30(14) ms βべーた− 132Cd 6-#
133Ag 47 86 132.96878(54)# 6-#
This table header & footer:
  1. ^ mAg – Excited nuclear isomer.
  2. ^ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σしぐま) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
  3. ^ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
  4. ^ a b c # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
  5. ^ Modes of decay:
    EC: Electron capture
    IT: Isomeric transition
    n: Neutron emission
    p: Proton emission
  6. ^ Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
  7. ^ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
  8. ^ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
  9. ^ Used to date certain events in the early history of the Solar System
  10. ^ a b Fission product

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
  2. ^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Silver". CIAAW. 1985.
  3. ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
  4. ^ "(Ag) Silver NMR".
  5. ^ Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_silver&oldid=1223898768"