Mangnai

Mangnai
Mangnai
Chinese name
Chinese	茫崖市し
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Mángyá Shì
Tibetan name
Tibetan	མང་ནེ་གྲོང་ཁྱེར།
Wylie
Transcriptions
Wylie	mang ne grong khyer
Tibetan Pinyin	Mangnê Chongkyêr
Mongolian name
Mongolian script	ᠮᠠᠨᠭᠨᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ
SASM/GNC
Transcriptions
SASM/GNC	Mangnai hot

Mangnai

茫崖市し · ᠮᠠᠨᠭᠨᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ · མང་ནེ་གྲོང་ཁྱེར།
Mang'ai, Mangya
Mangnai 茫崖市し · ᠮᠠᠨᠭᠨᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ · མང་ནེ་གྲོང་ཁྱེར། Mang'ai, Mangya
County-level city
	Surroundings of the asbestos mines.
	Mangnai (light red) within Haixi Prefecture (yellow) and Qinghai.
	Mangnai
	Coordinates: 38°15′00″N 90°51′25″E / 38.250°N 90.857°E
Country	China
Province	Qinghai
Autonomous prefecture	Haixi
Seat	Huatugou
Area
• Total	49,900 km2 (19,300 sq mi)
Elevation	3,000 m (10,000 ft)
Population (2020)
• Total	18,856
• Density	0.38/km2 (0.98/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+8 (China Standard)
Website	www.mangya.gov.cn

Mangnai, also known as Mang'ai or Mangya, is a county-level city in the northwest of Qinghai Province, China, bordering Xinjiang to the north and west. It is under the administration of Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. It is one of the most remote cities in China, the closest other city, Ruoqiang, is located 350 kilometres (220 mi) away.^[3] In 2020 it had a population of 18856.^[4] The name Mangnai is based on the Mongolian word for 'forehead'.^[5]

It was formed in 2018 when the Mangnai and Lenghu administrative zones merged to establish the county-level city of Mangnai.^[5]

Economy

Mangnai had a large asbestos mine, it was the largest in China, it also holds around half of China's serpentine reserves.^[6]^[7]^[8] It also produces oil, natural gas, celestite, and sodium sulfate.^[5]

Administrative divisions

Mangnai is divided into 3 towns. The administrative center is the Huatugou Town.^[5]

Name	Simplified Chinese	Hanyu Pinyin	Tibetan	Wylie	Mongolian (traditional script)	Mongolian (Cyrillic)	Administrative division code
Towns
Huatugou Town	花はな土ど沟镇	Huātǔgōu Zhèn	ཧྭ་ཐུའུ་ཀུའུ་གྲོང་རྡལ།	hwa thu'u ku'u grong rdal	ᠡᠩᠭᠡᠷᠲᠦ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤᠨ	Энгэрт балгас	632803100
Mangnai Town	茫崖镇	Mángyá Zhèn	མང་ནེ་གྲོང་རྡལ།	mang ne grong rdal	ᠮᠠᠩᠨᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤᠨ	Магнай балгас	632803101
Lenghu Town	冷ひや湖みずうみ镇	Lěnghú Zhèn	ལེན་ཧུའུ་གྲོང་རྡལ།	len hu'u grong rdal	ᠬᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤᠨ	Хүйтэн нуур балгас	632803102

Demographics

17 different ethnic groups live in the city, including the Han Chinese, Mongols, Tibetans, the Hui, Salars, Monguors, Manchus, Dongxiangs, and Uighurs.^[4]

Climate

Climate data for Mangnai, elevation 2,945 m (9,662 ft), (1991–2020 normals)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	−3.2 (26.2)	2.2 (36.0)	8.1 (46.6)	14.0 (57.2)	17.9 (64.2)	21.6 (70.9)	24.1 (75.4)	23.8 (74.8)	19.1 (66.4)	11.9 (53.4)	4.2 (39.6)	−2.3 (27.9)	11.8 (53.2)
Daily mean °C (°F)	−10.7 (12.7)	−5.8 (21.6)	0.1 (32.2)	6.0 (42.8)	10.5 (50.9)	14.7 (58.5)	17.1 (62.8)	16.5 (61.7)	11.6 (52.9)	3.9 (39.0)	−3.7 (25.3)	−9.6 (14.7)	4.2 (39.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	−17.4 (0.7)	−13.1 (8.4)	−7.5 (18.5)	−1.8 (28.8)	3.2 (37.8)	8.0 (46.4)	10.8 (51.4)	9.9 (49.8)	4.7 (40.5)	−3.4 (25.9)	−10.6 (12.9)	−16.0 (3.2)	−2.8 (27.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	0.8 (0.03)	0.6 (0.02)	0.8 (0.03)	1.5 (0.06)	6.1 (0.24)	11.5 (0.45)	13.6 (0.54)	7.8 (0.31)	4.5 (0.18)	0.8 (0.03)	0.1 (0.00)	0.3 (0.01)	48.4 (1.9)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)	0.9	0.8	1.0	1.4	3.0	5.9	7.3	4.1	1.7	0.9	0.4	0.5	27.9
Average snowy days	1.6	1.5	2.0	2.3	1.8	0.2	0	0	0.1	1.2	0.6	1.3	12.6
Average relative humidity (%)	36	28	24	23	26	32	36	32	30	28	30	37	30
Mean monthly sunshine hours	227.3	224.8	263.2	275.2	285.9	261.4	263.9	270.2	270.0	282.3	239.7	223.5	3,087.4
Percent possible sunshine	74	73	70	69	64	59	59	65	74	83	80	76	71
Source: China Meteorological Administration^[9]^[10]

Tourism

The main touristic sites in Mangnai are:^[5]

Emerald Lake (Chinese: 翡翠かわせみ湖みずうみ)
Qianfo cliffs (Chinese: 千せん佛ふつ崖がけ; lit. 'thousand Buddha cliffs')
Gasi Lake (Chinese: 尕斯湖みずうみ)
Yingxiongling Danxia Landform (Chinese: 丹たん霞かすみ地ち貌英雄えいゆう岭)
Alar Wetland (Chinese: 阿おもね拉ひしげ尔湿地ち)
Yardang landform (Chinese: 雅まさ丹まこと地ち貌)

In 2019, a camp meant to simulate conditions on the planet Mars opened in the town of Lenghu, which is primarily geared towards tourists.^[11]

Transport

Mangnai is located strategically on one of the main transport corridors between Gansu and Xinjiang. The Haixi Huatugou Airport serves Mangnai and the city is served by the Golmud–Korla railway and is located along China National Highway 315.^[3]

Notes

^ In Central Plains Mandarin it is pronounced Mang-ngai, a transcription of Oirat Mongolian Mangnai. In Standard Mandarin, ngai develops into two different readings with ya the most common one and ai used almost exclusively here. There's a tendency to pronounce it as ya in this situation as well.

References

^ "海かい西にし州しゅう第だい七次全国人口普查公报（第だい二に号ごう）——各市かくし县、行くだり委い常住じょうじゅう人口じんこう情じょう况" (in Chinese). Government of Haixi Prefecture. 2021-07-02.
^ "Mangya government". Archived from the original on 2021-05-27. Retrieved 2021-07-27.
^ ^a ^b "最さい"寂寞せきばく"的てき城市じょうし，成立せいりつ仅3年ねん人口じんこう不ふ到いた7万まん，就在我国わがくに西部せいぶ".
^ ^a ^b 茫崖市し人口じんこう数すう据すえ [Mangnai Population Data]. www.hongheiku.com (in Chinese). 2021-08-22. Archived from the original on 2021-10-19. Retrieved 2021-10-19.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e 茫崖市し简介 [Mangnai Overview]. www.mangya.gov.cn (in Chinese). Mangnai Municipal People's Government. 2019-02-28. Archived from the original on 2021-05-27. Retrieved 2021-10-19.
^ New China Quarterly. New China News Limited. 1987.
^ Mineral Deposits of China. Geological Publishing House. 1990. ISBN 978-7-116-02077-1.
^ Wu, Lan’er (2021). Comprehensive Utilization of Magnesium Slag by Pidgeon Process. Springer Nature. ISBN 978-981-16-2171-0.
^ 中国ちゅうごく气象数すう据すえ网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
^ 中国ちゅうごく气象数すう据すえ网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
^ Chen, Laurie (2019-03-04). "China opens 'Mars camp' for tourists, plans to send rover to red planet". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 2021-10-19. Retrieved 2021-10-19.

This Qinghai location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[a-3] In Central Plains Mandarin it is pronounced Mang-ngai, a transcription of Oirat Mongolian Mangnai. In Standard Mandarin, ngai develops into two different readings with ya the most common one and ai used almost exclusively here. There's a tendency to pronounce it as ya in this situation as well.

[1] "海かい西にし州しゅう第だい七次全国人口普查公报（第だい二に号ごう）——各市かくし县、行くだり委い常住じょうじゅう人口じんこう情じょう况" (in Chinese). Government of Haixi Prefecture. 2021-07-02.

[2] "Mangya government". Archived from the original on 2021-05-27. Retrieved 2021-07-27.

[:0-4] "最さい"寂寞せきばく"的てき城市じょうし，成立せいりつ仅3年ねん人口じんこう不ふ到いた7万まん，就在我国わがくに西部せいぶ".

[:2-5] 茫崖市し人口じんこう数すう据すえ [Mangnai Population Data]. www.hongheiku.com (in Chinese). 2021-08-22. Archived from the original on 2021-10-19. Retrieved 2021-10-19.

[:1-6] 茫崖市し简介 [Mangnai Overview]. www.mangya.gov.cn (in Chinese). Mangnai Municipal People's Government. 2019-02-28. Archived from the original on 2021-05-27. Retrieved 2021-10-19.

[7] New China Quarterly. New China News Limited. 1987.

[8] Mineral Deposits of China. Geological Publishing House. 1990. ISBN 978-7-116-02077-1.

[9] Wu, Lan’er (2021). Comprehensive Utilization of Magnesium Slag by Pidgeon Process. Springer Nature. ISBN 978-981-16-2171-0.

[cma_graphical-10] 中国ちゅうごく气象数すう据すえ网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 27 September 2023.

[11] 中国ちゅうごく气象数すう据すえ网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 27 September 2023.

[12] Chen, Laurie (2019-03-04). "China opens 'Mars camp' for tourists, plans to send rover to red planet". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 2021-10-19. Retrieved 2021-10-19.

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