Central Plains Mandarin
This article needs additional citations for verification. (November 2014) |
Central Plains Mandarin | |
---|---|
Zhongyuan Guanhua | |
Region | Yellow River Plain |
Native speakers | (170 million cited 1982)[1] |
Chinese characters, Xiao'erjing (historical) | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | – |
ISO 639-6 | zgyu |
cmn-zho | |
Glottolog | huab1238 Central Plain Guanhuazhon1236 Zhongyuan |
Linguasphere | 79-AAA-bf |
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Central Plains Mandarin, or Zhongyuan Mandarin (simplified Chinese:
The archaic dialect in Peking opera is a form of Zhongyuan Mandarin.
Among Hui people, Zhongyuan Mandarin is sometimes written with the Arabic alphabet, called Xiao'erjing ("Children's script").
Subdialects
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Centralia.png/220px-Centralia.png)
- Zheng-Kai (郑开) region: e.g. Kaifeng (开封) dialect, Zhengzhou (郑州) dialect
- Luo-Song (
洛 嵩 ) region: e.g. Luoyang dialect (洛 阳话) - Nan-Lu (
南 阳) region: e.g. Nanyang (南 阳) dialect - Luo-Xiang (漯项) region: e.g. Zhumadian (驻马
店 ) dialect - Shang-Fu (
商 阜) region: e.g. Shangqiu (商 丘 ) dialect, Fuyang (阜阳) dialect - Xin-Beng (
信 蚌) region: e.g. Xinyang (信 阳) dialect, Bengbu (蚌埠) dialect - Yan-He (兖菏) region: e.g. Jining (济宁) dialect
- Xu-Huai (
徐 淮) region: e.g. Xuzhou dialect (徐 州 话) - Fenhe (汾河) region: e.g. Linfen (临汾) dialect, Wanrong (
万 荣) dialect - Guanzhong region (关中), e.g. Xi'an (
西安 ) dialect - Qin-Long (
秦 陇) region: e.g. Xining (西 宁) dialect, Dunhuang (敦煌 ) dialect - Longzhong (陇中) region: e.g. Tianshui (
天水 ) dialect, Dingxi (定 西 ) dialect[3] - Hezhou (
河 州 ) Region: e.g. Gangou dialect (甘 沟话) (influenced by Monguor) - Nanjiang (
南 疆) Region: e.g. Yanqi dialect, Tulufan dialect- Dungan language, written in Cyrillic, introduced many Russian loanwords, spoken mainly in Chu Valley and Fergana Valley in Central Asia
Phonology
[edit]In Central Plains Mandarin, some phonological changes have affected certain syllables but not Standard Chinese.
[p] and [pʰ] have shifted to [p͜f] before the vowel [u].[4]
坡 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Middle Chinese Initial | [p] | [p] | [pʰ] | [pʰ] |
Pinyin | bù | bǒ | pō | pǔ |
Standard Mandarin | [pû] | [pwò] | [pʰwó] | [pʰù] |
Central Plains Mandarin | [p͜fu] | [p͜fo] | [p͜fʰo] | [p͜fʰu] |
Standard Mandarin's [t͡ʂ], [t͡ʂʰ] and have shifted to [p͜f] before [u]. [ʂ] has shifted to [f] before [u].
书 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Middle Chinese Initial | [ʈ] | [t͡ʃʰ] | [ɕ] | [ʑ] |
Pinyin | zhū | chū | shū | shú |
Standard Mandarin | [ʈʂú] | [ʈʂʰú] | [ʂú] | [ʂǔ] |
Central Plains Mandarin | [p͜fu] | [p͜fu] | [fu] | [fu] |
See also
[edit]- Zhongyuan culture
- Central Plains (China), also called "Zhongyuan"
References
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^ Gu 2009, p. 214.
- ^ Chappell 2002, p. 244; Gu 2009, p. 214; Chirkova 2008.
- ^ Wang, Menghuan; Ma, Shuzhen; Hu, Axu (2021). "Experimental Study on Citation Tone of Dingxi Dialect in Gansu Province". In Tavana, Madjid; Nedjah, Nadia; Alhajj, Reda (eds.). Emerging Trends in Intelligent and Interactive Systems and Applications. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Vol. 1304. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 340–345. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-63784-2_43. ISBN 978-3-030-63784-2. S2CID 230557863.
- ^ Mian Yan, Margaret (2006). Introduction To Chinese Dialectology. Germany: LINCOM EUROPA. pp. 73–74.
Sources
[edit]- Chappell, Hilary (2002), "The Universal Syntax of Semantic Primes in Mandarin Chinese", in Goddard, Cliff; Wierzbicka, Anna (eds.), Meaning and Universal Grammar, Studies in Language Companion Series, vol. v. 60, Amsterdam; Philadelphia: John Benjamins, ISBN 1588112659, ISSN 0165-7763, OCLC 752499720, retrieved 17 November 2014
- Gu, Yueguo (2009) [2006], "Chinese", in Brown, Keith; Ogilvie, Sarah (eds.), Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World (1st ed.), Oxford, England: Elsevier, ISBN 9780080877747, OCLC 264358379, retrieved 17 November 2014
- Chirkova, Ekaterina (2008), "Gˇei 'give' in Beijing and beyond" (PDF), Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale (37), Paris: Centre de recherches linguistiques sur l'Asie orientale: 3–42, ISSN 0153-3320, OCLC 793454655, retrieved 20 November 2014