Tongdao Pinghua

Tongdao Pinghua
Native to	China
Region	Hunan
Native speakers	25,000 (2015)
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Sinitic Chinese Pinghua Northern Pinghua Tongdao Pinghua
Language codes
ISO 639-3	None (mis)
ISO 639-6	(none)
Glottolog	None

The Tongdao Pinghua is a variety of Guibei Pinghua (桂かつら北平きたひら话) influenced by Kam (Dong). It is spoken by about 25,000 people in Tongdao Dong Autonomous County, Hunan, China (Shi 2015:137).

Although Tongdao Pinghua speakers are classified by the Chinese government as ethnic Han, the speakers consider themselves to be a distinct ethnic group, and neither Han nor Kam.

Names

Tongdao Pinghua speakers call their own language Bendihua 本地ほんじ话 (the name Bendihua (Chinese: 本地ほんじ话) literally means 'native language'), although some speakers also refer to it as Jiangping 讲平. The Kam people refer to it as li31 ka31 ti41, and the Yao (Pa Hng speakers) refer to it as Luoyanhua (洛らく岩がん话; "Luoyan language").

Tongdao Pinghua speakers call themselves the wən22 ɲən22 people (我わが们人) (Shi 2015:137). The Dong call them ka31 pən33 ti33 (Chinese: 本地ほんじ客きゃく) or ka31 ti33 (Chinese: 地ち客きゃく), while the language is called li31 ka31 ti42 (Chinese: 本地ほんじ话). The Dong refer to Han Chinese of Jingzhou County, Hunan as ka31 (Chinese: 客きゃく), and their language as li31 ka31 (Chinese: 客きゃく话). The Yao refer to the Bendi language as lo33 ŋai33.

Locations

Within Tongdao Dong Autonomous County, Hunan Province, Tongdao Pinghua is primarily spoken in Xiaxiang 下か乡, Linkou 临口, and Jingwuzhou 菁芜州しゅう townships. Tongdao Pinghua is also spoken to a lesser extent in the townships of Mujiao 木き脚あし, Xikou 溪けい口こう, and Malong 马龙, as well as Chengbu County, Hunan and Longsheng County, Guangxi.

Dialects

Peng (2010:1) divides Tongdao Pinghua into 4 main dialects.

• Xiaxiang 下か乡话: spoken in the townships of Xiaxiang 下か乡 (entire township), Linkou 临口 (in the villages of Guantuan 官かん团, Shanxi 山さん溪けい, and Shibi 石壁いしかべ), and Mujiao 木き脚あし (in Xishang Village 溪けい上じょう and Gengtou Village 更さら头)
• Jingwu 菁芜话: spoken in some villages in Jingwuzhou Township 菁芜洲しゅう镇. Shi (2015) documents the variety of Luantang 銮塘 in Jingwuzhou Township 菁芜洲しゅう镇.
• Xingwu 杏あんず五ご话: spoken by just under 3,000 people in Linkou Township 临口乡 (in Xinhua 杏あんず花はな and Wuyi 五ご一いち villages, as well as other neighboring villages)
• Taizhong 太ふと中なか话: spoken in the townships of Taipingyan 太平たいへい岩がん, Zhongtuan 中ちゅう团, and Mujiao 木き脚あし (in Mujiao Village 木き脚あし村むら)

Shi (2015) recognizes the 4 Tongdao Pinghua dialects of:

• Luantang 銮塘
• Linkou 临口
• Taipingyan 太平たいへい岩がん
• Dengkou 邓口

References

• Peng Jianguo [彭建国こく]. 2010. 湖南こなん通とおる道どう侗族“本地ほんじ话”的てき语音系けい统及其归属ぞく. Journal of Yunmeng 云うん梦学刊かん, Vol. 31, No. 4.
• Peng Jianguo [彭建国こく]. 2003. Research on Bendihua of Tongdao County, Hunan (湖南こなん通とおる道どう“本地ほんじ话”调查). M.A. dissertation. Changsha: Hunan Normal University [湖南こなん师范大学だいがく].
• Shi Lin [石林いしばやし]. 2015. Three language varieties of the Hunan-Guizhou-Guangxi border region [湘黔桂かつら边区的てき三个族群方言岛]. Beijing: China Social Sciences Academy Press [中国ちゅうごく社会しゃかい科学かがく出版しゅっぱん社しゃ]. ISBN 9787516164945