Sanie language

Sanie
Sanie
Native to	China
Ethnicity	17,200 Yi (2007)
Native speakers	8,000 (2007)
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Tibeto-Burman Lolo–Burmese Loloish Kazhuoish Sanie; ; ; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	ysy
Glottolog	sani1265
ELP	Sanie

Sanie (autonym: sɑ21 ɲɛ21 or sɑ21 ŋʷɛ21) is a Loloish language of Yunnan, China. It is similar to Samataw. There were 17,320 ethnic Sanie in 1998, but only about 8,000 spoke the Sanie language fluently. The Sanie are also known as the White Yi (白はく彝つね) (Bradley 1997).

A Sanie pinyin orthography had also been developed recently (Bradley 2005).

Names

Ngwi, David Bradley's reconstruction for the autonym of Loloish speakers, is based on the Sanie autonym sɑ21 ŋʷɛ21 (also pronounced sɑ21 ɲɛ21 by some speakers) (Bradley 2005). Proto-Ngwi *ŋw- changed into ɲ- or n- in most modern Loloish languages.

Dialects

Bradley (2005) reports significant variation in the Sanie language, and briefly compares the following 6 dialects.

East: Zhaozong 昭あきら宗そう (also in Huahongyuan and Yuhua)
Southeast: Chejiabi 车家壁かべ (also in Shiju)
Northeast: Gulu 古こ律りつ
North: Qinghe 清河きよかわ
Northwest: Luomian 罗免
Southwest: Tuoji 妥吉

Bradley (2005) notes that the Sanie varieties spoken in the plains of Xishan District in Heilingpu, Zhaozong, and Biji Townships are particularly conservative. The East and Southeast dialects are particularly conservative in that they preserve Proto-Loloish labiovelars; the speakers call themselves the sɑ˨˩ŋʷi˨˩.

Northwest of Kunming, Sanie is locally known as Minglang 明あかり廊ろう, and it is sometimes classified as a Sani dialect. It is spoken in Wuding County (Lower Lemei Village 下か乐美^[3] of Chadian Township 插甸乡, and Tianxin Village 田た心こころ^[4] of Gaoqiao Township 高だか桥镇) and Maoshan Township 茂山しげやま乡, Luquan County; it is probably also spoken in Fumin County.^[5]^[6] Gao (2017)^[7] reports high intermarriage rates between the Minglang and other neighboring ethnic groups.

Distribution

Sanie is spoken in 76 villages, 3 of which are mixed with Nasu (Bradley 2005). 58 of these villages are in Xishan District, 13 in southwestern Fumin County, and 5 in northwestern Anning County.

Fumin County
- Yongding Township: 11 villages (1,121 people)
  - Qinghe Village Cluster: 5 villages
  - Wayao Village Cluster: 6 villages (some very close to the county seat)
- Mailongqing, Mailong Village Cluster, Daying Township 大だい营镇: 160 people
Xishan District (core Sanie area)
- Gulu Township 古こ律りつ彝つね族ぞく白しろ族ぞく乡: 29 villages (3,390 Sanie people, < 3,000 Sanie speakers)
  - Gulu Village Cluster: 7 villages (868 Sanie people)
  - Duomu Village Cluster: 6 villages (1,442 Sanie people)
  - Lemu Village Cluster: 3 villages (1 of which is mixed with Nasu people)
  - Tuopai Village Cluster: 8 villages (394 Sanie people)
- Tuanjie Township 团结彝つね族ぞく白しろ族ぞく乡
  - Daxing Village Cluster: 7 villages (1,936 people)
  - Damei Village Cluster: 3 villages (2,322 people)
  - Qitai Village Cluster: 3 villages (2,126 people)
  - Tuoji Village Cluster: 6 villages (1,042 Sanie people)
  - Longtan Village Cluster: 1 village (585 Sanie people)
  - Yuhua Village Cluster: 3 villages (1,762 Sanie people)
  - Huahongyuan Village Cluster: 1 village (658 Sanie people, with 238 Han Chinese people); language is endangered
- Heilingpu Township
  - Zhaozong Village Cluster: 3 villages (754 people, 195 households), which are Zhaozong Dacun, Zhaozong Xiaocun, Hedi
- Majie Township 马街
  - Shiju village
- Biji Township 碧あお鸡: 176 people
  - Chejiabi village: 750 Yi people
Anning County: 5 villages (317 Sanie people, < 300 Sanie speakers)
- Zhaojiazhuang Village Cluster, Qinglong Township: 4 villages; language is similar to that of Luze, southern Gulu Township
- Houshanlang Village Cluster: 1 village (153 people) called Qingmenkou

References

^ ^a ^b Sanie at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
^ Lama, Ziwo Qiu-Fuyuan (2012), Subgrouping of Nisoic (Yi) Languages, thesis, University of Texas at Arlington
^ "武たけ定じょう县插甸镇安德あんとく村むら委い会下えげ乐美". Retrieved 7 November 2016.
^ "武たけ定じょう县高桥镇老ろう滔村委い会田あいだ心しん村むら". Retrieved 7 November 2016.
^ "Minglang people" (PDF). asiaharvest.org.
^ "Minglang" (JPG). asiaharvest.org.
^ Gao, Katie B. 2017. Dynamics of Language Contact in China: Ethnolinguistic Diversity and Variation in Yunnan. PhD Dissertation: University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa.

Bibliography

Bradley, David. 2005. "Sanie and language loss in China".International Journal of the Sociology of Language. Volume 2005, Issue 173, Pp. 159–176.

[e18-1] Sanie at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)

[2] Lama, Ziwo Qiu-Fuyuan (2012), Subgrouping of Nisoic (Yi) Languages, thesis, University of Texas at Arlington

[3] "武たけ定じょう县插甸镇安德あんとく村むら委い会下えげ乐美". Retrieved 7 November 2016.

[4] "武たけ定じょう县高桥镇老ろう滔村委い会田あいだ心しん村むら". Retrieved 7 November 2016.

[5] "Minglang people" (PDF). asiaharvest.org.

[6] "Minglang" (JPG). asiaharvest.org.

[Gao2017-7] Gao, Katie B. 2017. Dynamics of Language Contact in China: Ethnolinguistic Diversity and Variation in Yunnan. PhD Dissertation: University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa.

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