Shaoxing dialect
The Shaoxing dialect (simplified Chinese: 绍兴话/绍兴
It is the pronunciation of the Shaoxing dialect which is the standard to be used on the texts of Yue opera. It is also the native language of Cai Yuanpei and Lu Xun whose Baihua was often peppered with phrases from his native dialect.
Distribution
[edit]The suburban areas to the north and east stretching from Dongpu (东浦) to Doumen (
Research into the Shaoxing dialect
[edit]The Shaoxing dialect has received an unusually large amount of attention. Documented research for the dialect has existed since the Kangxi era in the Qing dynasty, when there were three main works dealing with the Shaoxing dialect.
越 语肯綮录 by Mao Qiling (毛 奇 龄)越 言 释 by Ru Dunhe (茹敦和 )越 谚 by Fan Yin (范寅)
In the modern era, Chao Yuen Ren documented four regions in Shaoxing in his Modern Wu Research (现代吴语
The Shaoxing dialect is also mentioned in Zhejiang Fangyan Fenqu (
Phonological inventory
[edit]Initials
[edit]Labial | Dental/Alveolar | Alveolo-Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
Plosive | tenuis | p | t | k | ʔ | |
aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | |||
voiced | b | d | ɡ | |||
Affricate | tenuis | ts | tɕ | |||
aspirated | tsʰ | tɕʰ | ||||
voiced | dz | dʑ | ||||
Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ɕ | h | |
voiced | v | z | ʑ | ɦ | ||
Lateral | l |
Finals
[edit]Coda | Open | Nasalized | Nasal | Glottal stop | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Medial | ∅ | j | w | ∅ | j | w | ∅ | j | w | ∅ | j | w | |
Nucleus | u | u | |||||||||||
ɤ | ɤ | jɤ | əŋ | əʔ | |||||||||
o | o | jo | wo | ɵ̃ | jɵ̃ | wɵ̃ | oŋ | joŋ | woŋ | oʔ | joʔ | woʔ | |
ɒ | ɒ | jɒ | ɒŋ | jɒŋ | wɒŋ | ||||||||
a | a | ja | wa | ɛ̃ | jɛ̃ | wɛ̃ | aŋ | jaŋ | waŋ | aʔ | jaʔ | waʔ | |
e | e | je | we | ẽ | jẽ | eʔ | weʔ | ||||||
i | i | ɪŋ | ɪʔ | ||||||||||
y | y |
- Syllabic continuants: [z̩] [m̩] [n̩] [ŋ̩] [l̩]
Citation tones
[edit]Regiser | Ping ( |
Shang ( |
Qu ( |
Ru ( |
---|---|---|---|---|
Upper ( |
42 | 35 | 33 | 4 |
Lower ( |
21 | 13 | 22 | 2 |
Regiser | Ping ( |
Shang ( |
Qu ( |
Ru ( |
---|---|---|---|---|
Upper ( |
52 | 335 | 33 | 45 |
Lower ( |
231 | 113 | 11 | 23 |
Regiser | Ping ( |
Shang ( |
Qu ( |
Ru ( |
---|---|---|---|---|
Upper ( |
41 | 55 | 44 | 5 |
Lower ( |
15 | 22 | 31 | 32 |
Syllable structure
[edit]Initials
[edit]Initial | Example characters |
---|---|
[p] | 奔彪 |
[pʰ] | |
[b/pʱ] | |
[m] | |
[f] | 风法 |
[v/fʱ] | |
[t] | |
[tʰ] | 偷挑 |
[d/tʱ] | |
[n] | 闹诺挪纳 |
[l] | 拦率蓝勒 |
[ts] | 钻赞 |
[tsʰ] | |
[dz/tsʱ] | 缠残赵垂 |
[s] | 涩送爽酸 |
[z/sʱ] | |
[tɕ] | |
[tɕʰ] | 腔青启躯 |
[dʑ/tɕʱ] | 墙近 |
[ɕ] | |
[ʑ/ɕʱ] | 如自贱像 |
[k] | 鸽甲广哥 |
[kʰ] | 渴掐 |
[g/kʱ] | 柜轧 |
[ŋ] | |
[h] | |
[ɦ] | 员养荣药 |
Zero initial ([j],
[w], or no initial) |
Rhymes
[edit]Rhyme | Example characters |
---|---|
[z̩] | 资纸 |
[i] | |
[u] | 补都 |
[y] | 吕靴需语 |
[a] | 爸他楷挨 |
[ia] | |
[ua] | 拐快 |
[e] | 还眉贝台 |
[ue] | 柜会亏威 |
[ɤ] | 谋否 |
[iɤ] | |
[ɒ] | 报盗曹高 |
[iɒ] | 飘吊捞妖 |
[o] | |
[io] | 瘸厦 |
[uo] | 挂花话跨 |
[aŋ] | 碰撑 |
[iaŋ] | |
[uaŋ] | |
[əŋ] | |
[ɪŋ] | |
[ɒŋ] | |
[iɒŋ] | |
[uɒŋ] | |
[oŋ] | 红翁东奉 |
[ioŋ] | 琼穷 |
[aʔ] | |
[iaʔ] | |
[uaʔ] | 豁掴划括 |
[eʔ] | 泼物撒舌 |
[ueʔ] | |
[əʔ] | |
[ɪʔ] | 鳖匹叠悉 |
[oʔ] | |
[ioʔ] | |
[uoʔ] | 哭获惑国 |
[ɛ̃] | |
[iɛ̃] | 鲇年 |
[uɛ̃] | 贯甩弯环 |
[ẽ] | 奔门吻参 |
[iẽ] | |
[ɵ̃] | |
[jɵ̃] | 软悬娟冤 |
[uɵ̃] | |
[m̩] | 姆(~妈 |
[n̩] | 呒(~ |
[ŋ̍] | |
[l̩]* | 尔而饵儿 |
References
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^ Tu, Guoping
屠 国平 (2012). 绍兴方言 语音特 征 与 越地 语言文化 (in Chinese). Beijing:中国 社会 科学 出版 社 . p. 1. - ^ Zhang (2006), pp. 24, 33, 35.
- ^ Zhang (2006), pp. 40–44, 61, 78, 99.
- ^ Yang, Wei 杨葳; Yang, Naijun 杨乃浚 (2000). 绍兴
方言 (in Chinese). Shangyu:国 际文化 出版 社 . p. 4. - ^ Huang, Borong
黄 伯 荣; Liao, Xudong 廖序东; et al. (2007). 现代汉语 (in Chinese). Beijing:高等 教育 出版 社 . p. 69.