Leizhou Min
This article needs additional citations for verification. (July 2015) |
Leizhou Min | |
---|---|
Leizhounese | |
[lɔi˩ uɛ˨˦] | |
Pronunciation | [lɔi˩ uɛ˨˦] (Lei city dialect) |
Native to | China, Hong Kong and Macau, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, United States (California) |
Region | Leizhou Peninsula in southwestern Guangdong |
Native speakers | around 2.8 million in China (2004)[1] |
Sino-Tibetan
| |
Early forms | |
Dialects | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | (luh is proposed[5]) |
Glottolog | leiz1236 |
Linguasphere | 79-AAA-jj |
![]() Leizhou Min | |
Leizhou or Luichew Min (simplified Chinese:
Phonology
[edit]Leizhou Min has 17 initials, 47 rimes and 8 tones.
Initials
[edit]Bilabial | Alveolar | Velar | Glottal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m |
n 娜 |
ŋ |
|||
Plosive | voiced | b |
||||
voiceless | unaspirated | p |
t |
k 哥 |
||
aspirated | pʰ 坡 |
tʰ 駝 |
kʰ |
|||
Fricative | voiced | z |
||||
voiceless | s |
h | ||||
Affricate | voiceless | unaspirated | t͡s |
|||
aspirated | t͡sʰ |
|||||
Lateral approximant | l |
|||||
zero consonant | zero consonant 窩 |
The phoneme given here as /b/ is described by Li and Thompson instead as /v/.[8]
Rimes
[edit]i |
u | |
a 爸 | ia |
ua |
ɛ |
iɛ |
uɛ |
ɔ |
iɔ 漿 | |
ai |
uai 蒯 | |
au |
iau |
|
ɛu 嘔 | iu |
|
ɔi 矮 | ui | |
m̩ 唔 | ||
am |
iam 添 | |
em 冚 | im |
|
ŋ̩ 嗯 | iŋ |
uŋ |
aŋ |
iaŋ |
uaŋ |
eŋ 冰 | ieŋ |
|
ɔŋ 磅 | iɔŋ |
|
ap |
iap 臘 | |
ep 鑷 | ip |
|
ik |
uk | |
ak |
iak |
uak |
ek |
iek |
uek |
ɔk 鐸 | iɔk |
Tones
[edit]Leizhou has six tones, which are reduced to two in checked syllables.
Tone number | Tone name | Tone contour | Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 | yin ping ( |
˨˦ (24) | rising |
2 | yin shang ( |
˦˨ (42) | falling (high falling) |
3 | yin qu ( |
˨˩ (21) | bottom (low falling) |
4 | yin ru ( |
˥̚ (5) | high checked |
5 | yang ping ( |
˨ (2) | low |
6 | yang shang ( |
˧ (3) | mid |
7 | yang qu ( |
˥ (5) | high |
8 | yang ru ( |
˩̚ (1) | low checked |
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^
湛 江 市 志 ·第 三 十 六 篇 方言 ·第 三 章 雷 州 话 - ^ Mei, Tsu-lin (1970), "Tones and prosody in Middle Chinese and the origin of the rising tone", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 30: 86–110, doi:10.2307/2718766, JSTOR 2718766
- ^ Pulleyblank, Edwin G. (1984), Middle Chinese: A study in Historical Phonology, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, p. 3, ISBN 978-0-7748-0192-8
- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2023-07-10). "Glottolog 4.8 - Min". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7398962. Archived from the original on 2023-10-13. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
- ^ "Change Request Documentation: 2021-045". 31 August 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
- ^ Kurpaska, Maria (2010). Chinese Language(s): A Look Through the Prism of "The Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects". Walter de Gruyter. pp. 54–55, 86. ISBN 978-3-11-021914-2.
- ^ Hou, Jingyi
侯 精一 (2002). Xiàndài hànyǔ fāngyán gàilùn 现代汉语方言 概 论 [An Introduction to Modern Chinese Dialects]. Shanghai Educational Press上海 教育 出版 社 . p. 238. - ^ Li, Charles; Thompson, Sandra (1983). "A Grammatical description of Xuwen : A colloquial dialect of Lei-zhou Peninsula (Part I)". Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale. 13 (1): 3–21.
- Běijīng dàxué zhōngguóyǔyánwénxuéxì yǔyánxué jiàoyánshì. (1989) Hànyǔ fāngyīn zìhuì. Běijīng: Wénzìgǎigé chūbǎnshè.(
北京 大學 中國語 言 文學 系 語 言 學 教 研 室 . 1989.漢語 方 音字 匯.北京 :文字 改革 出版 社 ) - Norman, Jerry. [1988] (2002). Chinese. Cambridge, England: CUP ISBN 0-521-29653-6
- Yuán, jiāhuá (1989). Hànyǔ fāngyán gàiyào (An introduction to Chinese dialects). Beijing, China: Wénzì gǎigé chūbǎnshè. (袁家驊. 1989.
漢語 方言 概要 .北京 :文字 改革 出版 社 .) - Zhū, yuèmíng. (2005) "Léizhōuhuà yú Pǔtōnghuà bǐjiàoyīnxì yánjiū" (Comparative phonological studies on the Leizhou dialect and Putonghua) Yúnnán shīfàndàxué xuébào (zhéxué shèhuìkēxué bǎn) (Yunnan Normal University Journal (philosophy and social sciences)): vol.37 no. 5 p. 133-136. (
朱 月明 . 2005. "雷 州 話 與 普通 話 音 系 比較 研究 " 《雲南 師範 大學 學 報 (哲學 社會 科學 版 )》:第 37卷 第 5期 頁 133-136) - Office of Chorography of Zhanjiang City
湛 江 市 地方 志 办公室 (2004). Zhan jiang shi zhi湛 江 市 志 ["Chorography of Zhanjiang City"]. Vol. 36. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company. ISBN 7-101-04214-7.
Further reading
[edit]- Li, Charles; Thompson, Sandra (1983a). "A Grammatical description of Xuwen : A colloquial dialect of Lei-zhou Peninsula (Part I)". Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale. 12 (1): 3–21. doi:10.3406/clao.1983.1123.
- Li, Charles; Thompson, Sandra (1983b). "A Grammatical description of Xuwen : A colloquial dialect of Lei-zhou Peninsula (Part II)". Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale. 12 (2): 119–148. doi:10.3406/clao.1983.1138.
- Yue-Hashimoto, Anne O. (1985). The Suixi Dialect of Leizhou: A Study of Its Phonological, Lexical and Syntactic Structure. Chinese University of Hong Kong. OCLC 15111722.