Miyuki Miyabe
Miyuki Miyabe | |
---|---|
Native name | |
Born | Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan | December 23, 1960
Occupation | Author |
Nationality | Japanese |
Genre | |
Notable works |
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Notable awards |
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Website | |
www |
Miyuki Miyabe (
Early life and education
[edit]Miyabe was born in Tokyo, Japan in 1960.[1] Her mother was a seamstress and her father was an assembly line worker at a factory.[2] She graduated from Sumidagawa High School, then attended a business training school before taking an administrative job at a law office.[3][4]
Career
[edit]Miyabe started writing novels at the age of 23. In 1984, while working at a law office, Miyabe began to take writing classes at a writing school run by the Kodansha publishing company. She made her literary debut in 1987 with 'Our Neighbour is a Criminal' "Warera ga rinjin no hanzai" (
Miyabe's novel All She Was Worth (
The Reason (
Miyabe's novel Crossfire (クロスファイア, Kurosufaia), about a police detective pursuing a girl with pyrokinetic powers, was published in the same year as Riyū. It was adapted into the 2000 Toho film Pyrokinesis, starring Akiko Yada and Masami Nagasawa.[19] An English version of Crossfire, translated by Deborah Stuhr Iwabuchi and Anna Husson Isozaki, was published in 2006, with Kirkus Reviews calling it "the most conventional of her three novels translated into English".[20] In 2003 Kadokawa Shoten published Miyabe's fantasy novel Brave Story, a story about a boy with a troubled home life who finds a portal to another world. Brave Story became a bestseller in Japan, and has since been adapted into an anime film, a manga series, and a series of video games.[21] The English version of the novel, translated by Alexander O. Smith, won the Mildred L. Batchelder Award in 2008.[22]
Writing style
[edit]Miyabe has written novels in several different genres, including science fiction, mystery fiction, historical fiction, social commentary, and young adult literature. Outside of Japan she is better known for her crime and fantasy novels.[23] English translations of her work include Crossfire (クロスファイア), published in 1998, and Kasha (
A common theme in Miyabe's work is community, particularly the effects of consumerism in Japanese society on family and community relationships.[25]
Awards
[edit]- 1992 45th Mystery Writers of Japan Award for Best Novel: The Sleeping Dragon[26]
- 1992 13th Yoshikawa Eiji Prize for New Writers: Honjo Fukagawa Fushigi-zōshi[27]
- 1993 6th Yamamoto Shūgorō Prize: All She Was Worth[28]
- 1997 18th Japan SF Award: Gamōtei Jiken[29]
- 1998 17th Japan Adventure Fiction Association Prize: Riyū (The Reason)[15]
- 1999 120th Naoki Prize (1998
下 ): Riyū (The Reason)[16] - 2001 5th Shiba Ryotaro Prize: Puppet Master[30]
- 2007 41st Yoshikawa Eiji Prize for Literature: Namonaki Doku (Nameless Poison)[31][32]
- 2008 Batchelder Award for Best Translated Children's Book: Brave Story[22]
Bibliography
[edit]Books in Japanese
[edit]- Pāfekuto burū (パーフェクト・ブルー, Perfect Blue), Tokyo Sogensha, 1989, ISBN 9784488023157
- Majutsu wa sasayaku (
魔術 はささやく), Shinchosha, 1989, ISBN 9784103750017 - Warera ga rinjin no hanzai (
我 らが隣人 の犯罪 ), Bungeishunjū, 1990, ISBN 9784163115207 - Tōkyō satsujin boshoku (
東京 殺人 暮色 ), Kobunsha, 1990, ISBN 9784334028671 - Reberu 7 (レベル7, Level 7), Shinchosha, 1990, ISBN 9784106027222
- Ryu wa nemuru (
龍 は眠 る), Shuppan Geijutsusha, 1991, ISBN 9784882930303 - Honjo Fukagawa fushigi-zōshi (
本所 深川 ふしぎ草紙 ), Shin Jinbutsu Ōraisha, 1991, ISBN 9784404018144 - Henji wa iranai (
返事 はいらない), Jitsugyo no Nihon Sha, 1991, ISBN 9784408531557 - Kamaitachi (かまいたち), Shin Jinbutsu Ōraisha, 1992, ISBN 9784404018878
- Kon'ya wa nemurenai (
今夜 は眠 れない, Heartache Tonight), Chuo Koronsha, 1992, ISBN 9784120020919 - Sunāku-gari (スナーク
狩 り, Snark Hunting), 1992, ISBN 9784334029845 - Kasha (
火 車 , All She Was Worth), Futabasha, 1992, ISBN 9784575231175 - Nagai nagai satsujin (
長 い長 い殺人 ), Kobunsha, 1992, ISBN 9784334922115 - Torinokosarete (とり
残 されて), Bungeishunjū, 1992, ISBN 9784163134802 - Suteppufazā suteppu (ステップファザー・ステップ, Stepfather Step), Kodansha, 1993, ISBN 9784062062169
- Furueru iwa (
震 える岩 ), Shin Jinbutsu Ōraisha, 1993, ISBN 9784404020574 - Sabishii karyūdo (
淋 しい狩人 , Lonesome Hunter), Shinchosha, 1993, ISBN 9784103750024 - Chikagai no ame (
地下街 の雨 ), Shueisha, 1994, ISBN 9784087740615 - Genshoku Edo-goyomi (
幻 色 江戸 ごよみ), Shinchosha, 1994, ISBN 9784101369198 - Yume ni mo omowanai (
夢 にも思 わない)), Chuo Koronsha, 1995, ISBN 9784120024450 - Hatsu monogatari (
初 ものがたり), PHP Kenkyūjo, 1995, ISBN 9784569547855 - Hatobuesō (
鳩笛 草 ), Kobunsha, 1995, ISBN 9784334071530 - Hitojichi Canon (
人質 カノン, Hostage Canon), Bungeishunjū, 1996, ISBN 978-4163160702 - Gamōtei Jiken (
蒲生 邸 事件 ), Mainichi Shinbunsha, 1996, ISBN 9784620105512 - Kannin bako (
堪忍 箱 ), Shin Jinbutsu Ōraisha, 1996, ISBN 9784404024336 - Tengu kaze (
天狗 風 ), Shin Jinbutsu Ōraisha, 1997, ISBN 9784404025449 - Kokoro torokasu yōna: Masa no jikenbo (
心 とろかすような マサの事件 簿 ), Tōkyō Sōgensha, 1997, ISBN 9784488023546 - Riyū (
理由 , The Reason), Asahi Shinbunsha, 1998, ISBN 9784022572448 - Kurosufaia (クロスファイア, Crossfire), Kobunsha, 1998, ISBN 9784334073138
- Bonkura (ぼんくら), Kodansha, 2000, ISBN 9784062100885
- Ayashi (あやし), Kadokawa Shoten, 2000, ISBN 9784048732383
- Mohōhan (
模倣 犯 , The Copycat), Shogakkan, 2001, ISBN 9784093792646 - R.P.G. (Shadow Family), Shueisha, 2001, ISBN 9784087473490
- Dorīmu Basutā (ドリームバスター, Dream Buster) volumes 1-4, Tokuma Shoten, 2001–07, ISBN 9784198614423 (vol. 1)
- Akanbē (あかんべえ), PHP Kenkyūjo, 2002, ISBN 9784569620770
- Bureibu sutōrī (ブレイブ・ストーリー, Brave Story), Kadokawa Shoten, 2003, ISBN 9784048734455
- Dare ka (
誰 か, Somebody), Bungeishunjū, 2003, ISBN 9784408534497 - Iko: kiri no shiro (イコ:
霧 の城 , Ico), Kodansha, 2004, ISBN 9784062124416 - Higurashi (
日暮 らし), Kodansha, 2005, ISBN 9784062127363 (vol. 1) ISBN 9784062127370 (vol. 2) - Koshuku no Hito (
孤 宿 の人 ), Shin Jinbutsu Ōraisha, 2005, ISBN 9784404032577 (vol. 1) ISBN 9784404032584 (vol. 2) - Na mo naki doku (
名 もなき毒 , Nameless Poison), Gentōsha, 2006, ISBN 9784344012141 - Rakuen (
楽園 , Paradise), Bungeishunjū, 2007, ISBN 9784163262406 (vol. 1) ISBN 9784163263601 (vol. 2) - Osoroshi : Mishimaya henchō hyakumonogatari kotohajime (おそろし
三島 屋 変調 百 物語 事始 ), Kadokawa Shoten, 2008, ISBN 9784048738590 - Eiyū no sho (
英雄 の書 , The Book of Heroes), Mainichi Shinbunsha, 2009, ISBN 9781421527758 (vol. 1) ISBN 9784620107349 (vol. 2) - Kogure shashinkan (
小暮 写眞 館 ), Kodansha, 2010, ISBN 9784062162227
Selected works in English
[edit]Crime/thriller novels
[edit]- All She Was Worth (original title: Kasha), trans. Alfred Birnbaum, Kodansha International, 1996, ISBN 9784770019226
- Crossfire, trans. Deborah Iwabuchi and Anna Isozaki, Kodansha International, 2005, ISBN 9784770029935
- Shadow Family (original title: R.P.G.), trans. Juliet Winters Carpenter, Kodansha International, 2005, ISBN 9784770030047
- The Devil's Whisper (original title: Majutsu wa sasayaku), trans. Deborah Iwabuchi, Kodansha International, 2007, ISBN 9784770031174
- The Sleeping Dragon (original title: Ryū wa nemuru), trans. Deborah Iwabuchi, Kodansha International, 2009, ISBN 9784770031044
- Puppet Master (original title: Mohōhan), trans. Ginny Tapley Takemori, Creek & River Co., 2014–2016, released only in five ebook volumes
Fantasy novels
[edit]- Brave Story, trans. Alexander O. Smith, VIZ Fiction, 2007, ISBN 9781421511962
- The Book of Heroes (original title: Eiyu no sho), trans. Alexander O. Smith, Haikasoru, 2009, ISBN 9781421527758
- Ico: Castle in the Mist, trans. Alexander O. Smith, Haikasoru, 2011, ISBN 9781421540634
- The Gate of Sorrows, trans. Jim Hubbert, Haikasoru, 2016, ISBN 9781421586526
Short stories
[edit]- "The Futon Room" (original title: "Futon-beya"), trans. Stephen A. Carter, Kaiki: Uncanny Tales from Japan, Volume 1: Tales of Old Edo, 2009[33]
- Apparitions: Ghosts of Old Edo, trans. Daniel Huddleston, Haikasoru, 2013, ISBN 9781421567426
- "A Drowsing Dream of Shinjū" (original title: "Inemuri shinjū")
- "Cage of Shadows" (original title: "Kage rō")
- "The Futon Storeroom" (original title: "Futon-beya")
- "The Plum Rains Fall" (original title: "Ume no ame furu")
- "The “Oni” of the Adachi House" (original title: "Adachi ke no oni")
- "A Woman's Head" (original title: "Onna no kubi")
- "The Oni in the Autumn Rain" (original title: "Shigure Oni")
- "Ash Kagura" (original title: "Hai kagura")
- "The Mussel Mound" (original title: "Shijimi-zuka")
- "Chiyoko", Phantasm Japan: Fantasies Light and Dark, From and About Japan, 2014[34]
Essay
[edit]- My Favourite Mystery, "An Incident" by Shohei Ooka (Mystery Writers of Japan, Inc. [1])
Film and other adaptations
[edit]Films
[edit]- Pyrokinesis, Toho, 2000[35]
- Mohōhan, Toho, 2002[36]
- Brave Story, Gonzo, 2006[37]
- Helpless, CJ E&M, 2012[38]
- Solomon's Perjury, Shochiku, 2015[39]
Television
[edit]This section of a biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. (March 2019) |
- Shuku Satsujin (1988)
- Majutsu wa sasayaku (TV movie), NTV, 1990[40]
- Saboten no Hana (1991)
- Unmei no Juko (based on "Snark Gari")(1992)
- Tatta Hitori (1992)
- Henshin (1993)
- Kasha: Kādo hasan no onna! (1994 TV movie)
- Isshun no Sinjitsu (1994)
- Level Seven (1994)
- Ryū wa Nemuru (1994)
- Iwazunioite (1997)
- Gamoutei Jiken, NHK, 1998[41]
- Moshichi no Jikienbo (2001, 2002, 2003)
- R.P.G., NHK, 2003[42]
- The Reason (TV movie), Wowow, 2004[43]
- Nagai Nagai Satsujin (TV movie), Wowow, 2007[44]
- Perfect Blue (TV movie), Wowow, 2010[45]
- Hansai (Anthology episode), Fuji TV, 2010[46]
- Majutsu wa sasayaku (TV movie), Fuji TV, 2011[47]
- Kasha (TV movie), TV Asahi, 2011[48]
- Stepfather Step, TBS, 2012[49]
- Perfect Blue, TBS, 2012[50]
- Riyū (TV movie), TBS, 2012[51]
- Snark Gari (TV movie), TBS, 2012[52]
- Nagai Nagai Satsujin (TV movie), TBS , 2012[53]
- Level Seven (TV movie), TBS, 2012[54]
- Samishii Kariudo (TV movie), Fuji TV, 2013[55]
- Kogure Shashinkan, NHK, 2013[56]
- Nomonaki Doku, TBS, 2013[57]
- Petero no souretsu, TBS, 2014[58]
- Osoroshi, NHK, 2014[59]
- Sakura Housara, NHK, 2014[60]
- Bonkura, NHK, 2014-2015[61]
模倣 犯 , TV Tokyo, 2016[62]- Solomon's Perjury, JTBC, 2016-2017[63]
- Rakuen, Wowow, 2017[64]
- Copycat Killer, Netflix, 2023
Manga
[edit]- Brave Story, 2007
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "
宮部 みゆきインタビュー「物語 のために」できることすべてを". AERAdot (in Japanese). Asahi Shimbun. August 14, 2014. Retrieved July 21, 2018. - ^ Lies, Elaine (December 11, 2007). "Japan writer wants world to see new face of Tokyo". Reuters Entertainment News. Reuters. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
- ^ "
宮部 みゆき" (in Japanese).日本 推理 作家 協会 . Retrieved July 21, 2018. - ^ Chapman, Christine (January 23, 1998). "Japan's Credit-Card Society:Killers and Victims". The New York Times. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
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宮部 みゆきロングインタビュー作家 生活 30年 を支 えた私 のブックヒストリー39冊 ". オール讀物 (in Japanese). Bunshun. November 10, 2017. Retrieved July 21, 2018. - ^ "Winning the 1987 Japan Mystery Writers Association Prize put Miyuki Miyabe on the literary map triggering a boom in female crime writing in Japan". Red Circle Authors. Retrieved 12 May 2021.
- ^ Kosaka, Kris (September 9, 2017). "'All She Was Worth': Step into a world of loan sharks and debt in modern Japan". The Japan Times. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
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山本 周五郎 賞 " (in Japanese). Shinchosha. Retrieved August 8, 2018. - ^ "
開局 35周年 特別 企画 宮部 みゆきサスペンス火 車 カード破産 の女 !". テレビドラマデータベース (TV Drama Database) (in Japanese). Retrieved August 8, 2018. - ^ a b "
佐々木 希 :セリフなし"死 んだ魚 の目 "で謎 の女 熱演 SPドラマ「火 車 」". Mainichi Shimbun (in Japanese). October 28, 2011. Retrieved August 8, 2018. - ^ "All She Was Worth". Publishers Weekly. March 31, 1997. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
- ^ Stasio, Marilyn (February 16, 1997). "Crime". The New York Times. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
- ^ Barr, Cameron (April 23, 1997). "Mystery Writer Skirts Stereotypes In a Suspenseful Tour of 'New' Japan". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
- ^ Endo Hudson, Mutsuko (2008). "Riyuu 'reason' for nai desu and other semi-polite forms". In Jones, Kimberly; Ono, Tsuyoshi (eds.). Style Shifting in Japanese. John Benjamins Publishing. ISBN 9789027289667.
- ^ a b "
第 9回 (1990年 )~第 18回 (1999年 )大賞 作品 " (in Japanese). Japan Adventure Fiction Association. Retrieved July 21, 2018. - ^ a b "
直木賞 受賞 者 一覧 " (in Japanese).日本文学振興会 . Retrieved August 19, 2018. - ^ Chino, Noriko (2008). Miyuki Miyabe's Place in the Development of Japanese Mystery Fiction (PhD). Ohio State University. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
- ^ "Reason (aka The Motive)". Japan Society. December 6, 2015. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
- ^ Galbraith IV, Stuart (2008). The Toho Studios Story: A History and Complete Filmography. Scarecrow Press. p. 415. ISBN 9781461673743.
- ^ "CROSSFIRE by Miyuki Miyabe". Kirkus Reviews. June 24, 2010. Retrieved December 3, 2018.
- ^ Kosaka, Kris (December 1, 2018). "Escape from the everyday with Miyuki Miyabe's 'Brave Story'". The Japan Times. Retrieved December 3, 2018.
- ^ a b "Batchelder Award winners, 1968-Present". Association for Library Service to Children, American Library Association. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
- ^ Alt, Matt (February 15, 2014). "Miyuki Miyabe's latest puts the history in Japanese horror". The Japan Times. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
- ^ Seaman, Amanda C. (2004). Bodies of Evidence: Women, Society, and Detective Fiction in 1990s Japan. University of Hawai'i Press. pp. 26–56. ISBN 9780824828066.
- ^ Seaman, Amanda C. (2004). "There goes the neighbourhood: community and family in Miyabe Miyuki's Riyû". Japan Forum. 16 (2): 271–287. doi:10.1080/0955580042000222727. S2CID 145647870.
- ^ "1992
年 第 45回 日本 推理 作家 協会 賞 長編 部門 " (in Japanese).日本 推理 作家 協会 . Retrieved July 21, 2018. - ^ "
吉川 英治 文学 新人 賞 過去 受賞 作 " (in Japanese). Kodansha. Retrieved July 21, 2018. - ^ "
山本 周五郎 賞 過去 の受賞 作品 " (in Japanese). Shinchosha. Retrieved July 21, 2018. - ^ "
日本 SF大賞 受賞 作 リスト" (in Japanese). Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of Japan. Archived from the original on July 21, 2015. Retrieved July 21, 2018. - ^ "
司馬 遼 太郎 賞 とは" (in Japanese). Shiba Ryotaro Memorial Museum. Retrieved July 21, 2018. - ^ J'Lit | Publications : Nameless Poison | Books from Japan (in English)
- ^ "
吉川 英治 文学 賞 過去 受賞 作 " (in Japanese). Kodansha. Retrieved July 21, 2018. - ^ Miyabe, Miyuki (2009). "The Futon Room". In Higashi, Masao (ed.). Kaiki: Uncanny Tales from Japan, Volume 1. Translated by Carter, Stephen A. Kurodahan Press. ISBN 9784902075083.
- ^ Miyabe, Miyuki (2014). "Chiyoko". In Mamatas, Nick; Washington, Masumi (eds.). Phantasm Japan: Fantasies Light and Dark, From and About Japan. Haikasoru.
- ^ "クロスファイア" (in Japanese). Eiga.com. June 8, 2000. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
- ^ "
模倣 犯 " (in Japanese). Eiga.com. Retrieved July 23, 2018. - ^ ゴンゾ・ディジメーション・ホールディング フジテレビジョンと
共同 で長編 劇場 用 アニメーション製作 を発表 [Theatrical Animated Feature Film Produced in Collaboration with Fuji Television Network] (in Japanese). Gonzo. Archived from the original on April 16, 2007. Retrieved July 23, 2018. - ^ Lee, Claire (March 8, 2012). "Director explores financial, social horrors". The Korea Herald. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
- ^ "
宮部 みゆき「ソロモンの偽証 」映画 化 、監督 は『八日 目 の蝉 』の成島 出 に決定 !". Cinema Today (in Japanese). April 2, 2014. Retrieved July 21, 2018. - ^ "
魔術 は ささやく第 二 回 日本 推理 サスペンス大賞 大賞 受賞 作品 " (in Japanese). TVDrama-db.com. Retrieved July 23, 2018. - ^ "ハイビジョンドラマ「
蒲生 邸 事件 」". NHK Archive Search (in Japanese). NHK. Retrieved July 23, 2018. - ^ "R.P.G - NHK Drama" (in Japanese). NHK. July 26, 2003. Archived from the original on December 10, 2011. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
- ^ "
理由 " (in Japanese). Wowow. Archived from the original on November 25, 2005. Retrieved July 23, 2018. - ^ "
宮部 みゆき「長 い長 い殺人 」" (in Japanese). Wowow. Retrieved July 23, 2018. - ^ "
宮部 みゆき パーフェクト・ブルー" (in Japanese). Wowow. Archived from the original on April 20, 2010. Retrieved July 23, 2018. - ^ "20
周年 企画 第 2弾 『世 にも奇妙 な物語 20周年 スペシャル・秋 ~人気 作家 競演 編 ~』" (in Japanese). Fuji TV. September 9, 2010. Archived from the original on September 13, 2010. Retrieved July 23, 2018. - ^ "
宮部 みゆきスペシャル魔術 はささやく" (in Japanese). Fuji TV. September 9, 2011. Archived from the original on January 20, 2012. Retrieved July 23, 2018. - ^ "
宮部 みゆき原作 ドラマスペシャル火 車 " (in Japanese). TV Asahi. July 26, 2011. Retrieved July 23, 2018. - ^ "ドラマシアター「ステップファザー・ステップ」" (in Japanese). Tokyo Broadcasting System Television. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
- ^ "
宮部 みゆきミステリー パーフェクト・ブルー - TBSテレビ" (in Japanese). Tokyo Broadcasting System Television. Retrieved July 21, 2018. - ^ "
第 一夜 『理由 』" (in Japanese). Tokyo Broadcasting System Television. May 7, 2012. Retrieved July 23, 2018. - ^ "
第 二 夜 『スナーク狩 り』" (in Japanese). Tokyo Broadcasting System Television. May 14, 2012. Retrieved July 23, 2018. - ^ "
第 三 夜 『長 い長 い殺人 』" (in Japanese). Tokyo Broadcasting System Television. May 21, 2012. Retrieved July 23, 2018. - ^ "
最終 夜 『レベル7』" (in Japanese). Tokyo Broadcasting System Television. May 28, 2012. Retrieved July 23, 2018. - ^ "
宮部 みゆきドラマスペシャル「淋 しい狩人 」" (in Japanese). Fuji TV. September 20, 2013. Retrieved July 23, 2018. - ^ "プレミアムドラマ「
小暮 写眞 館 」" (in Japanese). NHK. Archived from the original on June 26, 2013. Retrieved July 23, 2018. - ^ "
月曜 ミステリーシアター『名 もなき毒 』" (in Japanese). Tokyo Broadcasting System Television. Retrieved July 23, 2018. - ^ "
月曜 ミステリーシアター 『ペテロの葬列 』" (in Japanese). Tokyo Broadcasting System Television. Retrieved July 23, 2018. - ^ "ザ・プレミアム「おそろし~
三 島屋 変調 百 物語 」" (in Japanese). NHK. Retrieved July 21, 2018. - ^ "
正月 時代 劇 「桜 ほうさら」" (in Japanese). NHK. Retrieved July 21, 2018. - ^ "ぼんくら" (in Japanese). NHK. Archived from the original on October 13, 2014. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
- ^ "
宮部 みゆきサスペンス「模倣 犯 」" (in Japanese). TV Tokyo. Retrieved July 21, 2018. - ^ tineybeanie (September 22, 2016). "School violence and mystery galore in new JTBC drama Solomon's Perjury". Dramabeans. Retrieved November 1, 2016.
- ^ "
仲間 由紀恵 主演 、宮部 みゆき『楽園 』初 映像 化 ". Oricon News (in Japanese). September 22, 2016. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
External links
[edit]- Miyuki Miyabe at J'Lit Books from Japan
- Miyuki Miyabe at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
- Miyuki Miyabe at IMDb
- 1960 births
- Japanese children's writers
- Japanese crime fiction writers
- Japanese fantasy writers
- Japanese horror writers
- Japanese women novelists
- Naoki Prize winners
- Mystery Writers of Japan Award winners
- Living people
- People from Kōtō
- Japanese women children's writers
- Women science fiction and fantasy writers
- Women horror writers
- Women mystery writers
- Writers from Tokyo