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National Taiwan Normal University

Coordinates: 25°01′33″N 121°31′36″E / 25.0258°N 121.5266°E / 25.0258; 121.5266
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
National Taiwan Normal University
國立こくりつ臺灣たいわん師範しはん大學だいがく
Logo of NTNU
Former name
Taihoku College (1922)
Taiwan Provincial College (1946)
Taiwan Provincial Normal University (1955)
Motto誠まこと正せい勤つとむ樸しらき[1]
Motto in English
Sincerity, Justice, Diligence, and Simplicity[2]
TypePublic (National)
Established1922
PresidentCheng-Chih Wu
(吳ご正ただし己おのれ)
Academic staff
1,541
Students15,112[3]
Undergraduates8,394
Postgraduates5,686
Location
Taipei (Main Campus & Gongguan Campus) &
New Taipei (Linkou Campus)
,
Taiwan
CampusUrban: Main Campus & Gongguan Campus
Rural: Linkou Campus
ColoursBlue and Red
   
AffiliationsNTU System
UAAT
ICUE
AAPBS[4]
AACSB
UAiTED
WebsiteEnglish, Chinese
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese国立こくりつ台湾たいわん师范大学だいがく
Traditional Chinese國立こくりつ臺灣たいわん師範しはん大學だいがく
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinGuólì Táiwān Shīfàn Dàxué
Bopomofoㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄊㄞˊ ㄨㄢ ㄕ ㄈㄢˋ ㄉㄚˋ ㄒㄩㄝˊ
Wade–Gileskuo2li4 tai2wan1 shih1fan4 ta4 hsüeh2
Southern Min
Hokkien POJKok-li̍p Tâi-oân Su-hōan Tāi-ha̍k

National Taiwan Normal University (NTNU) is a national comprehensive university in Taipei and New Taipei City, Taiwan.[5]

NTNU is affiliated with National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University of Science and Technology as part of the National Taiwan University System.[6] NTNU is a member of University Academic Alliance in Taiwan,[7] International Consortium for Universities of Education in East Asia,[8] University Alliance in Talent Education Development,[9] and AAPBS.[10]

The university enrolls approximately 17,000 students each year. Approximately 1,600 students are international. 1,000 students are overseas Chinese in preparatory programs.[11]

The Research Center for Psychological and Educational Testing (RCPET) at NTNU is responsible for organizing Taiwan's annual Comprehensive Assessment Program for Junior High School Students (CAP).[12] NTNU is also the convening institution for the Committee of College Admission Practical Examination, which is responsible for conducting practical examinations in the fields of fine arts, music, and physical education for use in university admissions across Taiwan.[13] Mandarin Training Center (MTC) is the oldest and the largest Chinese language teaching institution in Taiwan.[14] The Test of Chinese as a Foreign Language (TOCFL) is administered by the Steering Committee for the Test Of Proficiency-Huayu (SC-TOP) at NTNU.[15]

History

[edit]
Map including National Taiwan Normal University (labeled as 'College' on HO-P’ING-TUNG-LU 和平わへい東路あずまじ) (1950s)
NTNU Lecture Hall
Old Photos of Taihoku High School Buildings

National Taiwan Normal University opened its doors in the early 20th century during Japanese rule in Taiwan. Taiwan's Japanese governors established the school as Taiwan Provincial College. Soon after they gave it the name Taihoku College (Taihoku is "Taipei" in Japanese). The school's purpose was to nurture a native educated class qualified to assist the government in matters of administration. Many buildings on the university's main campus date from the Japanese colonial period, including the Administration Building, the Lecture Hall, Wenhui Hall and Puzi Hall. Japanese architects incorporated features of the Neo-Classical, Gothic and Gothic Revival styles often encountered on European university campuses. A room in the Lecture Hall housed the traditional Japanese document that authorizes and formalizes campus construction.[16]

In the 1940s, the university, along with National Taiwan University, Taiwan Provincial College of Agriculture, and Taiwan Provincial College of Engineering, were the only four higher education institutions in Taiwan.

Some school publications still display 1946 as the institution's founding date in reference to this regime change. A number of Taiwan's leading authors, poets, artists, educators, painters, musicians, linguists, sinologists, philologists, philosophers, and researchers have passed through the university's doors as students and faculty. In 1956 the Mandarin Training Center opened its doors as an extension of the college. The school acquired its present name, National Taiwan Normal University, in 1967. By now the school had established itself as a recognized center of learning in arts, literature and the humanities; its fundamental mission, though, remained the preparation of teachers.

Original Buildings of Taihoku High School

As Taiwanese society made its shift from authoritarian rule to democracy in the 1990s, the university saw its role transformed by passage of the 1994 Teacher Preparation Law. The law gave more schools responsibility for teacher training and set NTNU on its present course as a truly comprehensive university. New departments were created, course offerings and majors were expanded, and new faculty were hired. the merger of NTNU with the University Preparatory School for Overseas Chinese Students in 2006. The university became a hub of international activity, enabling Taiwanese students to travel abroad, attracting international students to Taipei, and building exchange programs with dozens of sister institutions around the world.[11]

Campus

[edit]
Liu Chen's Residence

NTNU's main campus is located in the heart of Taipei, adjacent to the culturally rich and artistic atmosphere of the Yongkang Street Area, and within walking distance are famous attractions such as Daan Forest Park, Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall, Taipei Grand Mosque, Mongolian & Tibetan Cultural Center, etc. Universities affiliated with the NTU System, such as National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, are also nearby. The university also has campuses in the Wenshan District of Taipei (Gongguan Campus) and in the Linkou District of New Taipei (Linkou Campus),[11] as well as standalone buildings scattered off-campus. Examples include the Yunhe Teaching Building, Qingtian Teaching Building, and the School of Teacher Education Building.

Due to the merger with the National University of Preparatory School for Overseas Chinese Students (NUPS), NTNU also inherited some land from the original Luzhou Campus in New Taipei City. It is adjacent to the National Open University.

The campus is also home to several special sculpture installations, including the "Liberty Bell," which was the spiritual symbol of the Taihoku College, and a Tai Chi statue presented by Peking University in honor of NTNU's promotion of Tai Chi. NTNU obtained the sole license from the Louvre Museum in 1987 and purchased a batch of officially copyrighted original plaster replica statues.[17]

The Confucius statue and school motto at NTNU campus.

NTNU possesses several Taipei City-designated historic sites, including the Original Buildings of Taihoku High School, the residence of Liu Chen, the residence of Liang Shih-chiu, and more.

Culture

[edit]

The NTNU emblem consists of a circle formed by six wooden bells, symbolizing collective progress and collaborative efforts to achieve "perfection" in education. The colors represent the blue sky and daylight, signifying the fairness and straightforwardness of the educators.[18]

The official school tree of NTNU is the Cassia fistula, chosen because its appearance resembles the traditional teaching whip from ancient times.[19]

Due to the similar pronunciation between the Chinese character "師し" (normal) in the school's name and "獅" (lion), the mascot of the school is also a lion named "Da Shi Xiong". In addition to numerous lion-themed memorabilia, the campus features several lion-related sculptures.[20]

University structure [21]

[edit]

Academic programs at NTNU are administered by 10 colleges: arts, education, international studies & social sciences, liberal arts, management, musicology, science, sports & recreation, technology & engineering and interdisciplinary industry academia innovation.

As of November 2022 the school published the following figures[11] for students enrolled and employees retained.

  • Students enrolled: 15,112
  • Undergraduate students: 8,394 (944 international students)
  • Graduate students: 5,686 (682 international students)
  • Overseas Chinese Students in Preparatory Programs: 1,032
  • Faculty: 1,541

College of Education

[edit]

NTNU's College of Education is the oldest and largest education college in Taiwan. The college collaborates with Tohoku University, Korea University, National Chengchi University, and Nanjing Normal University to offer the Asian Educational Leadership Program (AEL).This course is to nurture internationally minded educational professionals.[22]

School of Learning Informatics

[edit]

College of Liberal Arts

[edit]
Apo Hsu and the NTNU Symphony Orchestra plays Saint-Saëns's Organ Symphony in Taiwan's National Concert Hall.

College of Science

[edit]

School of Life Science

[edit]
  • Department of Life Science
  • Undergraduate Program of Nutrition Science
  • Graduate Program of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Industries
  • Graduate Program of Nutrition Science
  • Graduate Program of TIGP Biodiversity (Academia Sinica)

College of Arts

[edit]

NTNU's College of Arts is the most ancient higher education institution for fine arts in Taiwan, and the birthplace of artistic development in Taiwan.

  • Department of Design
  • Department of Fine Arts
  • Graduate Institute of Art History

College of Technology and Engineering

[edit]
  • Department of Electrical Engineering
  • Department of Graphic Arts and Communications
  • Department of Industrial Education
  • Department of Mechatronic Engineering
  • Department of Technology Application and Human Resource Development
  • Graduate Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering
  • International Doctoral Program in Integrative STEM Education
  • Undergraduate Program of Electro-Optical Engineering
  • Undergraduate Program of Vehicle and Energy Engineering

TSMC partners with NTNU to launch semiconductor training program[23]

College of Sports and Recreation

[edit]

College of International Studies and Social Sciences

[edit]
  • Department of Chinese as a Second Language
  • Department of East Asian Studies
  • Graduate Institute of European Cultures and Tourism
  • Graduate Institute of International Human Resource Development
  • Graduate Institute of Mass Communication
  • Graduate Institute of Political Science
  • Graduate Institute of Social Work
  • Undergraduate Program of Global Studies

College of Music

[edit]

NTNU's College of Music is the first higher education institution in Taiwan that specializes in cultivating professional talent in the field of music.

The National Symphony Orchestra was formed in 1986 through the merger of the experimental orchestras from NTNU, National Academy of Arts, and National Taiwan Academy of Arts.[24]

College of Management

[edit]

NTNU is the first university in Asia with a teacher training background to receive AACSB accreditation.[25]

  • Department of Business Administration
  • Executive Master of Business Administration
  • Executive Master of Business Administration in Global Fashion
  • Graduate Institute of Global Business and Strategy
  • Graduate Institute of Management

College of Interdisciplinary Industry Academia Innovation

[edit]
  • Graduate Institute of AI Interdisciplinary Applied Technology
  • Graduate Institute of Green Energy and Sustainable Technology
NTNU Main Library (outside at night)

Academy of Preparatory Programs for Overseas Chinese Students

[edit]

Its predecessor was the National University of Preparatory School for Overseas Chinese Students, the only educational institution in Taiwan offering overseas Chinese students preparatory courses for university. In 2006, it was merged with NTNU.[26]

School of Teacher Education

[edit]

The School of Teacher Education is the primary institution at NTNU responsible for the training of secondary teachers, and it is also responsible for coordinating and integrating relevant resources throughout the university. NTNU was authorized by the International Baccalaureate Organization as the first IB school for teacher's education in Taiwan.[27]

Mandarin Training Center

[edit]

Mandarin Training Center (MTC) was founded in 1956 for teaching Chinese as a second language. It's the oldest and largest facility of its kind in terms of courses offered and students enrolled per year. Every year, approximately 3,000 students from around 70 countries come to study at MTC.[14]

French Center

[edit]

French Center was founded by NTNU’s former president Mr. Kuo Wei-fan in 1984. The center aims to promote French language teaching, provide a conducive framework for the research of French language teaching in Taiwan, and facilitate cultural exchanges between China and France. The director of the Center manages only the administrative affairs. Teaching affairs, teacher recruitment, placement exams, and other tasks are always overseen by the French nationality of director of the courses.[28]

School of Continuing Education

[edit]

In 1996, Extension Division of In-service Education and High School Teacher Research and Study Center were combined and reorganized into Extension Division for In-service and Continuing Education of NTNU. It was restructured again as the School of Continuing Education (SCE) in 2008. The aim is to provide in-service training for teachers and the general public.

Research institutes and centres

[edit]

NTNU has a total of 6 university-level research centers, 21 college-level research centers, and 18 department-level research centers.[29] Such as The Chinese Language and Technology Center, Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Sciences (NTNU collaborates with Pennsylvania State University to establish),[30] Social Emotional Education Development Center, and International Taiwan Studies Center, have been granted funding through the Higher Education SPROUT project of the Ministry of Education.[31] The Research Center for Psychological and Educational Testing (RCPET) is responsible for organizing Taiwan's annual Comprehensive Assessment Program for Junior High School Students (CAP). NTNU is also the convening institution for the Committee of College Admission Practical Examination.[13] The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) in Taiwan is also overseen by this university.[32] The Non-formal Education Programs Accreditation Center is responsible for accrediting the credits of community colleges across Taiwan.[33] NTNU is also responsible for the examination and certification of Formosan languages and Hakka languages in Taiwan.

NTNU and the Ministry of Culture jointly set up the Taiwan-France Foundation for Culture and Education.[34]

NTNU has established a joint laboratory with US-based Haskins Laboratories.[35] NTNU hosts the Asia Pacific Regional Center (APRC) for the Global Environmental Education Partnership (GEEP).[36] The Taiwan Studies Program between the UCLA and NTNU was established in 2017. Its aim is to create academic synergies and promote cutting-edge research in the field of Taiwan Studies.[37] NTNU joined forces with NVIDIA and GIGABYTE, to jointly create "Meta-Universe Motion Capture Laboratory" and collaboration space.[38]

NTNU is the only university member state to join the “Infrared and Raman Users Group” (IRUG) in Taiwan.[39]

Affiliated school

[edit]

The university also runs the Affiliated Senior High School of National Taiwan Normal University, a daughter institution for secondary-school students in Taiwan.

University alliances

[edit]

NTNU is affiliated with National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University of Science and Technology as part of the National Taiwan University System (NTUS).[6]

NTNU is a member of University Academic Alliance in Taiwan (UAAT). The members include twelve universities such as National Taiwan University, National Cheng Kung University, National Tsing Hua University, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, National Sun Yat-sen University, National Chengchi University, and National Taiwan University of Science and Technology.[7]

NTNU is a founding member of University Alliance in Talent Education Development (UAiTED),[9] Taiwan-UK University Consortium,[40] International Consortium for Universities of Education in East Asia (ICUE),[8] Taiwan Education Alliance, Taiwan University Alliance for Sustainable Governance,[41] Presidents' Forum of Southeast Asia and Taiwan Universities (SATU Presidents' Forum),[42] and Association of Asia-Pacific Business Schools (AAPBS).[10]

International Relations

[edit]
The NTNU Language Studies Building houses the Mandarin Training Center

NTNU nurtures a robust system of partnerships to enable this level of international study. Among the institutions that enjoy sister relationships with NTNU are the University of Pennsylvania, Columbia University, Johns Hopkins University, University of California, Los Angeles, University of California San Diego, University of California, Irvine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, University of Texas at Austin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Ohio State University, University of Maryland, College Park, and Rutgers University in the US, the University College London, King's College, University of London, University of Manchester, University of Glasgow and University of Birmingham in the UK, the University of British Columbia, University of Alberta and Simon Fraser University in Canada, the University of Tasmania,[43] Australian National University, and Monash University in Australia,[44] the École normale supérieure de Lyon, École du Louvre, Sciences Po and Aix-Marseille University in France, University of Heidelberg, Free University of Berlin and University of Bonn in Germany, the Seoul National University, Korea University and Yonsei University in South Korea, Kyushu University, Osaka University, Hokkaido University, Nagoya University, Tohoku University, University of Tsukuba and Waseda University in Japan, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Management University in Singapore,University of Hong Kong, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University and City University of Hong Kong in HK, University of Auckland and University of Otago in New Zealand, University of Helsinki and University of Turku in Finland, Lund University and Uppsala University in Sweden, Leiden University and RSM Erasmus University in the Netherlands, Universidade de São Paulo in Brazil, University of Johannesburg in South Africa.[45] NTNU's connections in the Asia-Pacific region are particularly extensive, including dozens of academic institutions representing South Korea, Japan, Singapore, Thailand, Australia, and New Zealand.[46]

NTNU has established strategic pationships with The University of Texas at Austin, Purdue University, The University of British Columbia, The University of Queensland, Kuushu University, Osaka University, Hanyang University, University of Glasgow, University of Bordeaux and Goethe University Frankfurt.[47] NTNU also has a long cooperative relationship with Pennsylvania State University, dating back to 1953. At that time, NTNU received support from USAID with the assistance of Pennsylvania State University.[48]

Mandarin Chinese Training

NTNU is best known for its Mandarin Training Center (formerly known as the Center for Chinese Language and Cultural Studies), a program founded in 1956 for the study of Mandarin Chinese to foreign students. The Mandarin Training Center represents one of the world's oldest and most distinguished programs for language study, attracting more than a thousand students from over sixty countries to Taiwan each year and making the Shida area of Taipei one of the city's most cosmopolitan.[11] Courses in language, literature, calligraphy, art and martial arts are offered in a series of three-month terms throughout the year, enabling international students to undertake language studies during summer breaks and within single semesters. The center also sponsors travel, hosts speech contests, and stages workshops and performances for a variety of East Asian arts. A Mandarin Training Center Alumni Association (MTCAA) has been operating since 1998.

The Test of Chinese as a Foreign Language (TOCFL) is administered by the Steering Committee for the Test Of Proficiency-Huayu (SC-TOP) at NTNU.[15] NTNU signed the Taiwan Huayu BEST Program partnership with Pennsylvania State University, University of California, Santa Barbara, University of California, Los Angeles, University of Maryland, Purdue University, University of Guam and SOAS University of London.[49]

International Cooperation and Programs

NTNU signed the Memorandum of Cooperation with the Reorienting Education towards Sustainability of UNESCO in 2018. In 2020, NTNU joined a new-launched network named the International Network of Teacher Education Institutions (INTEI) and a new ESD for 2030 Framework.

The International Chemistry Olympiad was organized by NTNU in 2005. It will be hosted by NTNU again in 2027.[50]

Fulbright Taiwan logo

NTNU also participates in the Biodiversity Program of the Taiwan International Graduate Program of Academia Sinica. NTNU (National Taiwan Normal University) also collaborates with the Fulbright Program, providing opportunities for American students to pursue master's and doctoral studies in Taiwan.[51][52]

A new dormitory for NTNU international students is slated to open in 2024.[53] At the beginning of the development of NTNU, some of the buildings were built with loans from the World Bank's Education program.[54]

Ranking and reputation

[edit]
University rankings
Global – Overall
QS World[55]431 (2024)
RUR World[56]459 (2024)
THE World[57]501–600 (2024)
USNWR Global[58]970 (2024)
Regional – Overall
QS Asia[59]70 (2023)
THE Asia[60]105 (2024)
Students of Taihoku High School at the campus

The predecessor of NTNU was the Taihoku Higher School under the Government-General of Taiwan (Taihoku Higher School). The school served as the sole pathway for Taiwanese students during the Japanese colonial era to enter universities for further studies. In the 1940s, this university was also one of the only four higher education institutions in Taiwan Province. As a result, admission competition was extremely intense.

NTNU has long been recognized as one of Taiwan’s elite institutions of higher education, especially in the field of humanities and social sciences.[61][62][63] NTNU is also the best university within Taiwan's normal university system. While Taiwan has other normal and education universities, this is the only university commonly referred to as "Shi Dà” (師し大だい, normal university).  Its affiliated high school is also known as “Shi Dà Fù Zhōng" (師し大だい附ふ中ちゅう, HSNU).

Due to NTNU's excellent development in language education and internationalization, it has been chosen by the Ministry of Education as one of Taiwan's four landmark bilingual universities.[64]

Subject Rankings

[edit]
  • U.S. News & World Report Best Global Universities subject rankings:

Education and Educational Research: 9th (Asia's second)[65]

  • Times Higher Education World University Rankings by subject:

Education: 15 (Asia's second)[66]

  • QS World University Rankings by Subject:

Education & Training: 26[67]

Library & Information Management: 30[68]

Linguistics: 53[69]

Sports-Related Subjects: 51-100[70]

Performing Arts: 101-115[71]

Modern Languages: 101-150[72]

Education: 39 (Asia's third)[73]

  • Global Views Monthly Taiwan's Best University Rankings:

Universities focusing on humanities and social sciences: 1st[74]

Sustainable development

[edit]

NTNU is the second institution in Asia to receive the Gold rating in the Sustainability Tracking, Assessment & Rating System (STARS), established by the Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education (AASHE).[75] According to QS World University Rankings（Sustainability 2023）, NTNU is ranked 3rd in Taiwan and around 50th globally in Sustainable Institutions and 100th in education influence.[76]

NTNU also serves as an important consulting and project implementation institution for the Environmental Protection Administration, the Forestry Bureau, and the Ministry of Education in promoting environmental education, sustainable development, and sustainable development goals.

Alumni association

[edit]

the NTNU Alumni Association was founded in 1950 as the Graduate Guidance Committee. It was officially renamed the NTNU Alumni Center in 2020. Its stated mission is "Connect with alumni, converge the alumni and the university, and contribute more resources to support the sustainable development of the university."[77]

Currently, NTNU has 12 alumni chapters across various counties and cities in Taiwan. [78] Internationally, there are 21 alumni chapters located in North America (such as Washington, California, Texas, New England, the East Coast, the Midwest, Eastern Canada, and British Columbia), Hong Kong, Macau, mainland China, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, and other regions. Additionally, each college and department has its own alumni association.[79]

List of NTNU People

[edit]

Notable faculty[80]

[edit]

Notable alumni

[edit]
Main article: List of National Taiwan Normal University alumni

Mandarin Training Center alumni

[edit]

Honorary degree

[edit]

Nomenclature

[edit]

The standard abbreviated reference to National Taiwan Normal University in English is the acronym NTNU. The standard abbreviated form in Mandarin Chinese is the portmanteau Shi1da4. Romanized as "Shida", this form appears transliterated in place names associated with the campus: Shida Road, Shida Night Market, Shida Bookstore, and the like.

The word normal in the school's name perpetuates an English usage of the term that, if archaic in some countries, remains common in Asia. A "normal school" trains future teachers in educational norms.

MTC is the standard acronym for the Mandarin Training Center.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ 校訓こうくん [School Motto] (in Chinese). NTNU. Archived from the original on 2014-11-10. Retrieved 2014-06-24.
  2. ^ "Classroom Buildings(Cheng)". NTNU. Archived from the original on 2005-02-04. Retrieved 2014-07-15.
  3. ^ "NTNU-About Us".
  4. ^ "::: Association of Asia-Pacific Business Schools". Archived from the original on 2020-12-13. Retrieved 2018-11-02.
  5. ^ "NTNU-About Us". en.ntnu.edu.tw. Archived from the original on 2022-11-25. Retrieved 2024-03-04.
  6. ^ a b 國立こくりつ臺灣たいわん大學だいがく系統けいとう. triangle.ntu.edu.tw (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Archived from the original on 2021-04-29. Retrieved 2018-08-10.
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  8. ^ a b "Implementation Organization : International Consortium for Universities of Education in East Asia". www2.u-gakugei.ac.jp. Archived from the original on 2022-12-27. Retrieved 2022-12-27.
  9. ^ a b "Our Members". uaited.ust.edu.tw. 2021-09-24. Archived from the original on 2020-11-25. Retrieved 2022-12-27.
  10. ^ a b "::: Association of Asia-Pacific Business Schools". www.aapbs.org (in Korean). Archived from the original on 2020-12-13. Retrieved 2018-11-20.
  11. ^ a b c d e "NTNU-About Us". en.ntnu.edu.tw. Archived from the original on 2022-11-25. Retrieved 2022-11-25.
  12. ^ "國立こくりつ台灣たいわん師範しはん大學だいがく 心理しんり與あずか教育きょういく測はか驗けん研究けんきゅう發展はってん中心ちゅうしん". www.rcpet.edu.tw. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
  13. ^ a b "組織そしき架か構 | 大だい學術がくじゅつ科か委員いいん會かい聯合れんごう會かい" (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 2018-07-09. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
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  16. ^ Public historical marker at NTNU Lecture Hall, Viewed 2007-08-04
  17. ^ 聯合れんごう新聞しんぶん網もう. "一睹羅浮宮經典免出國 勝利しょうり女神めがみ原版げんばん石膏せっこう像ぞう師し大だい看み得え到いた". 聯合れんごう新聞しんぶん網もう (in Chinese). Retrieved 2024-03-14.
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  19. ^ NTNU University Archives (2023-12-06). "School tree". Archived from the original on 2024-05-24. Retrieved 2023-12-06.
  20. ^ "網もう紅べにKOL校友こうゆう串くし聯れん祝福しゅくふく百ひゃく年ねん校こう慶けい 社しゃ群ぐん媒體ばいたい發はつ文ぶん分ぶん享とおる校こう園えん回かい憶". alumni.ntnu.edu.tw (in Traditional Chinese). Retrieved 2023-12-06.
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  22. ^ "About | AELCourse". www.sed.tohoku.ac.jp. Archived from the original on 2023-12-15. Retrieved 2023-12-06.
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