Shiga Shigetaka

In this Japanese name, the surname is Shiga.

Shiga Shigetaka

Shiga Shigetaka (志賀しが 重昂しげたか, 15 September 1863 – 6 April 1927) was the editor of the magazine Nihonjin during the Meiji period, in which he argued against extreme Westernization (Japanese: 欧化おうか主義しゅぎ).

Biography

He was born in Yasuo-cho, Okazaki, Mikawa Province (present-day Okazaki City, Aichi Prefecture ), on 15 September 1863. He was the eldest son of Shiga Jūshoku, a Confucian scholar of the domain school of the Okazaki Domain. After Jūshoku died in 1868, he was raised in the Matsushita family, the home of his mother, Yoshiko. His maternal grandfather, Matsushita Kyūdai, was poor but came from a well-respected lineage of Confucian scholars that influence Shiga into adulthood.

In 1874, he studied English, mathematics, and Chinese studies at Kogyokusha high school and withdrew from the school in 1878. After studying with Takato Egi for a while, he went on to the Tokyo University and studied there for about two years. In 1880, he transferred to Sapporo Agricultural College. Uchimura Kanzō and others were in his third grade. In later years, he met Michimasa Miyazaki, Kumataro Kikuchi, and Saburo Kawato, who all became members of Seikyosha. While in school, he traveled around the mountains and fields of Hokkaido and various parts of Aomori Prefecture. He developed an interest in politics.

In 1884, he graduated from Sapporo Agricultural College, was in charge of botanical studies at Nagano Prefectural Junior High School, worked as a teacher at Nagano Prefectural Junior High School, and also taught geography as a lecturer at Nagano Prefectural Normal School. However, he resigned the following year due to trouble with the prefectural governor, Seiichiro Kinashi, at a bar, and went to Tokyo to work for Maruzen. At the end of the same year, he boarded the naval academy's training ship HMS Malacca (1853) to explore the situation of the British occupation of Geomundo, and inspected the Tsushima area, which was tense over the territorial dispute. In 1886, he took advantage of the HMS Malacca again and toured the islands of the South Pacific (Caroline Islands, Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Samoa, and the Hawaiian Islands) for 10 months; he published the "Current State of Affairs in the South Seas (南洋なんよう時事じじ,Nanyo Jiji)" in the following year, reporting on the situation of the colonization competition of the great powers and warning the world, which later led to the Nanshin-ron. Because of this book, he was recommended as an honorary member for life of the Tokyo Geographic Society.

After that, he taught geography at the Tokyo English School run by Shigetake Sugiura, and in April 1888, he organized Seikyosha with other members and launched the bulletin "Nihonjin" as an editor. He advocated nationalism, but it was not an exclusive idea that praised all of Japan and rejected all foreign countries, but according to Shigetaka, it was as follows. “We must protect the systems of religion, morality, art, politics, and production by ``preserving the national essence, but I am not saying that Japan should continue to preserve the old ways. However, Western civilization should be chewed and digested before being adopted..”

In 1889, he put up an argument to criticize the inadequacies of Ōkuma Shigenobu's bill to revise the treaties with the west, and formed the opposition movement 'Nippon Club'. In 1893, Yone Noguchi, the father of Isamu Noguchi and later a poet, lodged at his house. During the First Sino-Japanese War that began in August 1894, he advocated "independent diplomacy" as a representative of the more than 120 newspaper and magazine alliances. This year he married Tetsuchiyo Matsuno. He published a long-selling book, "The Japanese Landscape".

In 1895, he became a lecturer at Tokyo Senmon Gakko and taught geography. He also taught for a long time at Atomi Girls' School, the school where his wife Tetsuchiyo graduated, and often attended the Atomi Alumni Association with his wife. In 1896, he became an honorary secretary of the political Party Shimpotō. In 1897, he assumed the post of Director General of the Forestry Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, but was dismissed on disciplinary action after criticizing the cabinet.

In 1898, he became an Imperial Advisor to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the first Okuma Cabinet and worked hard to make Minamitorishima a Japanese territory, but in the fall he resigned due to the resignation of the Cabinet en masse and became a member of the Kensei Hontō. He gradually withdrew from the Seikyosha. In 1899, he was dispatched by the Kensei Hontō to inspect Xiamen and the Yangtze River basin. In 1900, he moved to Rikken Seiyūkai and edited the party bulletin.

In 1902 (Meiji 35 ), he ran as a member of the House of Representatives as a member of the Seiyukai, but in 1904 he lost the election and left politics to concentrate on geography. He watched the Russo-Japanese War in Incheon, Seoul, and Lushun for about half a year. He worked mainly as a diplomatic adviser and interpreter at the headquarters of the Third Army, and was treated by the military commander, Nogi Maresuke. He was a lecturer at Matsumoto Kimpei's Tokyo Political School.

In 1905, he visited Sakhalin with the qualification of chief of theTokyo Geographic Society and secretary of the Japan Fisheries Association. He also toured the Okinawa Islands on the coastal defense ship Matsue. The following year, he attended the Russo-Japanese Committee held in Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalinsky regarding the possession of Southern Karafuto, and spent about half a year surveying, logging, and photographing the island.

In 1907 and 1908, he went to Korea. In 1910, he boarded the Japanese cruiser Ikoma and traveled around the world.

In 1911, he became a professor at Waseda University, where he remained until his death. He was recommended as an honorary member of the Japanese Alpine Club. In 1912, he traveled to California and the Hawaiian Islands. In 1914, he traveled to Hawaii, Canada, Washington DC, Cuba, and Mexico. In 1915, he traveled to Manchuria and Mongolia.

In 1917, he became an honorary member of the British Royal Geographical Society. In 1922, he toured Southern Africa and South America. In 1923, he toured India, the Middle East, Europe, and North America, paying attention to the oil situation in the Middle East and the Arab-Israeli problem.

In March 1927, he died after undergoing surgery for left knee arthritis. He was 63 years old. He held his funeral at Aoyama Funeral Hall. His posthumous name was Shokoin Hagikawa Nichijou Koji.

Death and legacy

According to his will, his grave is located at Sogenji Temple in Shimotakaido , Suginami Ward, Tokyo . His birthplace, Seson-ji Temple in Kakemachi , Okazaki City , is part of his bones. Higashitenjikusan Seson-ji Temple is a temple completed in October 1928 by the locals in accordance with Shigetaka's plan but not fulfilled. In the neighboring Higashi Park in Okazaki City, there is also 'Nanboku-tei', which was relocated in 1929 from the pavilion that Shigetaka had established in his residence in Tokyo in 1911.

The name of the Nippon Line was named by Shigetaka in 1913 (Taisho 2). A monument is built at Yusenji Temple in Minokamo City. In addition, the name of Ena Gorge was named by Shigetaka in 1923.

On 1 July 1961, he was nominated as an honorary citizen of Okazaki City

Works

Books

『南洋なんよう時事じじ』、丸善まるぜん（1887.4）→ 「日本にっぽんの地理ちり学がく文献ぶんけん選集せんしゅう1第だい1巻かん」、クレス出版しゅっぱん（2007.5）に収録しゅうろく

『History of nations』、丸善まるぜん（1888）

『地理ちり学がく講義こうぎ』、敬けい業ぎょう社しゃ（1889.8）→ 「日本にっぽんの地理ちり学がく文献ぶんけん選集せんしゅう1第だい1巻かん」、クレス出版しゅっぱん（2007.5）に収録しゅうろく

『古代こだい史し』、（『史学しがく』、東京とうきょう文学ぶんがく院いん（1890）(講義こうぎ録ろく])」に収録しゅうろく

『日本にっぽん風景ふうけい論ろん』、政教せいきょう社しゃ（1894.10）→ 岩波いわなみ文庫ぶんこ（1995）ISBN 4003311213 → 一穂いちほ社しゃ 名著めいちょ古典こてん籍せき文庫ぶんこ（2004.12）ISBN 9784861810114

『河かわ及湖沢さわ』、政教せいきょう社しゃ 山水さんすい叢書そうしょ（1897.1）→ 増補ぞうほ5版はん、文武ぶんぶ堂どう（1901.5）→ 「明治めいじ後期こうき産業さんぎょう発達はったつ史し資料しりょう第だい666巻かん、龍溪りゅうけい書しょ舎しゃ（2003.3）」に収録しゅうろく

『地理ちり学がく』、東京とうきょう専門せんもん学校がっこう（1897.4）（以降いこう1901年ねん頃ごろまで、同おなじ書名しょめいで年度ねんどごとの講義こうぎ録ろくを刊行かんこう）

『内外ないがい地理ちり学がく講義こうぎ』、谷島やじま屋や書店しょてん（1899.1）

『新しん万国ばんこく地図ちず 5版はん』、丸善まるぜん（1900.8）

『地理ちり學がく講義こうぎ 11版はん』、文武ぶんぶ堂どう（1901.11）

『中学ちゅうがく地理ちり. 日本にっぽん之これ部ぶ』、冨山とやま房ぼう（1903.4）

『地理ちり教科書きょうかしょ 本邦ほんぽう篇へん 訂てい2版はん』、冨山とやま房ぼう（1904.1）→ 新しん訂てい（1911）

『地理ちり教科書きょうかしょ 外國がいこく篇へん 上中かみなか下か』、冨山とやま房ぼう（1904.1）→ 再訂さいてい改版かいはん（1906）

『地理ちり講話こうわ』、早稲田大学わせだだいがく出版しゅっぱん部ぶ 早稲田わせだ通俗つうぞく講話こうわ6（1906.12）

『最新さいしん地図ちず本邦ほんぽう之の部ぶ』、冨山とやま房ぼう（1908）

『最新さいしん地図ちず世界せかい之の部ぶ』、冨山とやま房ぼう（1908）

『大役たいやく小しょう志こころざし』、東京とうきょう堂どう・博文ひろぶみ館かん（1909.11）（旅順りょじゅん港こう従軍じゅうぐん・樺太からふと踏破とうはほか）

『世界せかい写真しゃしん図説ずせつ. 雪ゆき』、地理ちり調査ちょうさ会かい（1911.7）

『世界せかい山水さんすい図説ずせつ』、冨山とやま房ぼう（1911.9）

『旅順りょじゅん攻囲こうい軍ぐん』、東京とうきょう堂どう（1912.3）

『続ぞく世界せかい山水さんすい図説ずせつ』、冨山とやま房ぼう（1916）

『国民こくみん当用とうよう世界せかい当代とうだい地理ちり』、金尾かなお文淵ぶんえん堂どう（1918.7）

『知しられざる国々くにぐに』、地理ちり調査ちょうさ会かい（1926.11）→ 日本にっぽん評論ひょうろん社しゃ 明治めいじ文化ぶんか叢書そうしょ6（1943）

Complete works compilation

志賀しが冨士男ふじお編へん：『志賀しが重昂しげたか全集ぜんしゅう』全ぜん8巻かん、志賀しが重昂しげたか全集ぜんしゅう刊行かんこう会かい（1927.12 - 1929.3）→ 日本にっぽん図書としょセンター（1995.2）

See also

• National essentialism

External links

• Shiga Shigetaka, The forgotten Enlightener [1]