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Su Quanzhong

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Su Quanzhong

Su Quanzhong (Chinese: 苏全忠ただし; pinyin: Sū Quánzhōng) is a Chinese mythological figure and character in the classic 16th-century Chinese novel Fengshen Yanyi. He was a general with high martial arts skills.[1] Quanzhong was the brother of Su Daji, a favorite concubine of King Zhou of Shang.

Although Su Daji is a historical figure, the existence of Su Hu and Su Quanzhong has been questioned, and they are believed to be semi-fictional characters. There is no mention of their names in ancient historical records or inscriptions. According to historical records such as the Guoyu and the Records of the Grand Historian, it is only stated that Daji was the daughter of a noble from the Su clan [zh]. After King Zhou of Shang conquered the Su clan, they married her off to King Zhou as a concubine. There is no mention of the names of Daji's father and brother. However, due to the rich and evolving folklore and oral legends in China, these characters can be considered mythical figures, and their tombs can be found in real life.[2]

Legend[edit]

In Fengshen Yanyi, Su Quanzhong is the son of Su Hu, a high-ranking official and general of the Shang Dynasty. In appearance, Su Quanzhong had a face like a full moon with red lips, which seemed as if painted. With his hair tied behind his head with a large golden ring, two large bird feathers would be seen protruding. Following the coalition against Su Hu led by Chong Houhu, Su would be known as a renowned protector of Ji province. Once Chong had arrived at the borders of Ji Province and unleashed his right-hand general, Mei Wu, Su would spur his horse forward and duel it out with him. Following twenty rounds of spear clashes, Su would find an opening and cut Mei Wu down. Following Chong's second retreat during the night from the burning forest, Su would descend down the mountaintop upon Chong while shining through the full moon's light.[3][4][5]

During his charge, he would elaborate on his prowess by striking down both of Chong's head generals and even wounding Chong through his left arm. Once the moon was blotted out by the clouds and Chong retreated for the third time, Su found the situation to be too dangerous and decided it was best to head back to his father. In time, the great Chong Heihu came to support Chong Houhu. Soon enough, Su, even when told not to by his father, would charge out of Ji province and duel it out against Heihu. During their battle, their spears clashed like lightning through darkness-stricken clouds. In time, Heihu would unleash his magical gourd and capture Su. Following the end of the Su Hu arc, Su Quanzhong would pay his respects to the first man who ever defeated him, Heihu, and continue to prosper with his respected father.[4][6]

In the end, Jiang Ziya appointed him as the deity in Beidou Xinggong (北斗星ほくとせい宫).[7][8][9]

There is a poem chanting that the origin of Su Quanzhong's silver halberd came from Laojun's furnace,[10]

(In Chinese): "怎见好こう戟:能のう工こう巧たくみ匠たくみ费经营,老ろう君くん炉ろ里さと炼成兵へい,造みやつこ出で一根银尖载,安あん邦くに定国さだくに正せい乾坤けんこん"

(Translation): "A good spear is not easily seen: Skilled craftsmen invest their efforts, refined in the furnace of the Supreme Lord, forging a silver-tipped weapon, securing the nation and establishing order in the world."

— A poem in Fensgen Yanyi, [11]

According to researchers from the book Chinese Folk Gods, both Zhu Bajie's nail palladium in Journey to the West and Su Quanzhong's silver-pointed halberd in Fengshen Yanyi are said to have been cast in Laojun's furnace.[12]

Tomb[edit]

In Jiaozuo, the Lianzhu Tomb is identified as the burial site of Su Hu and Su Quanzhong. According to the old county annals and folklore, after Su Hu and his son were forced to sacrifice Su Daji, they turned against the Yin dynasty and sided with Zhou. They were subsequently killed in the ensuing war and laid to rest in this tomb. Located in the northeast of Xiaonanzhang Village, 3 kilometers north of Wen County, the tomb gained attention in August 1968 when a collection of 23 bronze artifacts was unearthed from a pit over half a meter deep below the surface. A hundred meters to the west of Lianzhu Tomb is Yuntuan Tomb, which is the tomb of Zheng Lun, the general of Su Hu.[13][14]

Worship[edit]

Su Quanzhong is worshipped in Chinese folk religion and known as the Pojun Xingjun (The Lord of the Army Breaking Star, 破やぶ军星君くん).[15] Pojun is a star in the constellation of Ursa Major. It is the most eastern (leftmost) star in the Big Dipper (or Plough) asterism. Star worship holds significance within Taoist culture, with the prominent position of the Big Dipper in the northern sky serving as its focal point. In the realm of astronomy, the Big Dipper is also known as the Great Bear constellation, but Taoism venerates it as the Big Dipper Nine Star Gods. These deities govern the Palace of the Seven Stars, overseeing matters of misfortune, life, and death in the world. Among the nine stars, Pojun Xingjun presides as the eastern god of the Big Dipper. Most of the statues of the Big Dipper gods are enshrined in Taiwan, where there are temples dedicated to the Lords of the Big Dipper. These temples typically involve the joint worship of the Big Dipper gods and Lord Nandou, and can be found in places such as Tiangong Temple, Xuantian God Temple, or larger Lingxiao Temple. It is believed that the Big Dipper Gods protect individuals and are associated with prayers for longevity and safe journeys after death.[16] He is also enshrined in the Shandong Temple as one of the nine gods of the east, alongside Huang Tianhua, Tu Xingsun, Wuji, Han Dulong, Yin Hong, Hong Jin, Fang Xiang, Heng Jiang, and Wei Li.[17][18][19]

In popular culture[edit]

Further information: List of media adaptations of the Investiture of the Gods

His story is widely portrayed in Chinese operas and other forms of art, especially in Peking opera.[20][21][22][23]

References[edit]

  1. ^ 让艺术的精せい灵腾飞 (in Chinese). 黃河こうが文ぶん艺出版しゅっぱん社しゃ and the University of Michigan. 1986. 《封ふう神しん演えんじ义》第だい三さん回かい,写うつし苏全忠武ただたけ艺高强きょう,手て执银尖戟,熟じゅく惯九九きゅう八はち十じゅう一いち进步,七なな十じゅう二に开门,腾、挪、闪、让、迟、速はや、收おさむ、放ひ,样样精せい当とう。但ただし遇ぐう着ぎ崇たかし黑くろ虎とら施ほどこせ用よう异术,放出ほうしゅつ铁嘴神しん鹰,把わ苏全忠ちゅう座ざ骑的眼め啄ついばめ了りょう,因いん此,苏全忠ちゅう撞下马来,当とう场被擒とりこ。但ただし"强きょう中ちゅう更さら有ゆう强きょう中手なかて" [In the third chapter of "Fengshen Yanyi," it is depicted that Su Quanzhong possessed exceptional martial arts skills. With a silver-pointed halberd in hand, he demonstrated mastery over ninety-nine and eighty-one techniques, including seventy-two different opening moves. His movements encompassed jumping, shifting, evading, striking, delaying, accelerating, and concluding, all executed with precision and accuracy. However, Chong Heihu employed a peculiar magic technique, summoning an iron-billed eagle that swiftly pecked out the eyes of Su Quanzhong's mount. As a result, Su Quanzhong was dismounted and captured on the spot.]
  2. ^ 《史ふみ记·殷いん本ほん纪》：殷いん帝みかど辛からし「好こう酒さけ淫いん乐，嬖于妇人。爱妲己おのれ，妲己之の言げん是ぜ从。」
  3. ^ 中国ちゅうごく古代こだい小しょう说大全集ぜんしゅう (in Chinese). Beijing Book Co. Inc. 1 January 2019. ISBN 978-7-999008-08-8. 苏护之子ゆきこ苏全忠ちゅう领兵叫さけべ阵。崇たかし黑くろ虎とら出で来迎らいごう战,二将大战冀州城下。苏全忠ちゅう不知ふち崇たかし黑くろ虎とら幼よう拜はい截教真人しんじん为师,秘ひ授一个葫芦あし,背せ在ざい脊背上じょう,有ゆう无限神通じんずう。全ちょん忠ただし只ただ倚平生せい勇猛ゆうもう,又また见黑虎とら用よう的てき是ぜ短たん斧おの,不ふ把わ黑くろ虎とら放ひ在ざい心しん上じょう,眼底がんてい无人,自じ逞たくまし己おのれ能のう,欲よく要かなめ擒とりこ获黑虎とら,遂とげ把わ平日へいじつ所しょ习武艺尽行使こうし出で. [Su Quanzhong, the son of Su Hu, took command of the army and called for the formation. Chong Heihu emerged to engage in battle, and the two generals clashed fiercely near the city of Jizhou. Unbeknownst to Su Quanzhong, when he was a young black tiger, he revered Jujiao Zhenren as his teacher, who had secretly imparted to him the knowledge of a magical gourd, which he carried on his back, granting him limitless supernatural powers. However, Quan Zhong relied solely on his courage and underestimated the abilities of the black tiger, who wielded a short axe. With unwavering determination, Quan Zhong disregarded the black tiger's prowess and utilized all the martial arts he had learned throughout his life in an attempt to capture him.]
  4. ^ a b 封ふう神しん演えんじ义 (in Chinese). Beijing Book Co. Inc. 1 August 2020. ISBN 978-7-999160-89-2.
  5. ^ 傳つて世よ藏書ぞうしょ: 西にし游ゆう记, 封ふう神しん演えんじ义, 平ひら妖传, 绿野仙せん踪 (in Chinese). 海南かいなん国こく际新闻出版しゅっぱん中心ちゅうしん. 1996.
  6. ^ 紂王與あずか妲己: 新しん封ふう神しん榜 [King Zhou and Daji: New List of Gods] (in Chinese). 九きゅう歌うた出版しゅっぱん社しゃ有限ゆうげん公司こうし. 2001. ISBN 978-957-560-782-1.
  7. ^ "此将勇いさむ冠かんむり三さん军，一照面斩两将，战败崇たかし侯こう虎とら父子ふし，神秘しんぴ失踪しっそう后きさき被ひ封ふう神しん_苏全忠ちゅう". 搜さがせ狐きつね (in Chinese). 27 March 2019.
  8. ^ Fengshen Yanyi Chapter 99.
  9. ^ 中国ちゅうごく神しん话人物ぶつ辞典じてん [Dictionary of Chinese Mythological Characters] (in Chinese). 陝西せんせい人民じんみん出版しゅっぱん社しゃ. 1998. ISBN 978-7-224-04279-5. 【苏全忠ちゅう)神かみ话小说《封ふう神しん演えんじ义》中ちゅう的てき人物じんぶつ。乃冀州しゅう侯こう苏护之子ゆきこ,随ずい父ちち归周,在ざい子こ牙きば军前效力こうりょく。周しゅう兵へい进攻潼关,余よ兆杀死其父苏护后,苏全忠ちゅう出で马请战欲替がえ父ちち报仇,正せい遇ぐう余あまり化か龙三さん子し余光よこう,被ひ余光よこう以梅花はな操みさお打だ败回营。后きさき双方そうほう在ざい乱らん战中,苏全忠ただし被ひ余よ达所害がい。"封ふう神しん榜"上じょう,苏全忠ちゅう位い列れつ ... [Su Quanzhong is a character in the mythological novel "Fengshen Yanyi." He is the son of Hou Suhu from Jizhou. After returning to Zhou alongside his father, he served in the Ziya Army, positioned at the forefront. During Zhou Bing's attack on Tongguan, Su Quanzhong, seeking revenge for his father's death at the hands of Yu Zhao, willingly joined the battle. He encountered Yu Guang, the third son of Yu Hualong, but was defeated. Despite his defeat, Su Quanzhong demonstrated his resilience by returning to the camp with a plum blossom drill. Tragically, he met his demise during the chaotic conflict between the two sides when he was killed by Yu Da. Su Quanzhong holds the esteemed title of the god of Beidou Xinggong on the "Fengshen Deity List."]
  10. ^ 中国ちゅうごく行ゆき业神崇拜すうはい (in Chinese). 中国ちゅうごく华侨出版しゅっぱん公司こうし. 1990. ISBN 978-7-80074-193-7. Page 126 stated 有ゆう诗咏苏全忠ちゅう的てき银尖戟出自しゅつじ老ろう君くん炉ろ: "怎见好こう戟:能のう工こう巧たくみ匠たくみ费经营,老ろう君くん炉ろ里さと炼成兵へい,造みやつこ出で一根银尖戟,安あん邦くに定国さだくに正せい乾坤けんこん。"这些描写びょうしゃ很可能かのう也成为铁匠たくみ等とう业奉老ろう君くん为祖师的出典しゅってん。铁匠中ちゅう还流传着老ろう君くん"拳けん头打铁嘴吹风"的てき传说 [There is a poem that chants about Su Quanzhong's remarkable silver-pointed halberd, which is said to have originated from Laojun's stove. The poem emphasizes the craftsmanship required to create a superior halberd, highlighting the investment of skilled artisans and the transformative power of Laojun's furnace. It is believed that these vivid descriptions have led blacksmiths and other industries to revere Laojun as their ancestral figure, recognizing his significance in their craft. Additionally, a legend persists among blacksmiths, recounting Laojun's extraordinary ability to shape metal with his fist and even control the wind.]
  11. ^ 民間みんかん文学ぶんがく論壇ろんだん [Folk Literature Forum] (in Chinese). 中ちゅう国民こくみん间文艺出版しゅっぱん社しゃ. 1987. 一是神魔小说《封ふう神しん演えんじ义》第だい三回有苏全忠的银尖载出自老君炉的描写,其中有ちゅうう诗道: "怎见好こう戟:能のう工こう巧たくみ匠たくみ费经营,老ろう君くん炉ろ里さと炼成兵へい,造みやつこ出で一根银尖载,安あん邦くに定国さだくに正せい乾坤けんこん"。这段描写びょうしゃ,既すんで可か看み作さく是ぜ实际生活せいかつ中ちゅう工匠こうしょう尊みこと奉たてまつ老ろう君くん的てき反映はんえい,也可看み作さく是ぜ工匠こうしょう据すえ以奉老ろう君くん为祖师的出典しゅってん。
  12. ^ 中國ちゅうごく民間みんかん的てき神かみ (in Chinese). 湖南こなん文ぶん艺出版しゅっぱん社しゃ. 1992. ISBN 978-7-5404-1008-7. 《西にし游ゆう记》中ちゅう猪八戒ちょはっかい的てき钉钯,和かず《封ふう神しん演えんじ义》中ちゅう苏全忠ちゅう用よう的てき银尖戟,就是"老ろう君くん炉ろ里さと炼成兵へい"。据すえ说,老ろう君くん为报答こたえ鲁班,还给鲁班打だ造づくり过铁锅。以后,似に乎就没ぼつ听说老ろう君くん还有过其他た铁制品ひん问世,可能かのう是ぜ被ひ玉たま皇すめらぎ大帝たいてい指定してい为专门炼制せい神仙しんせん们需要じゅよう的てき金きむ丹まこと,成なり为"金きん丹生にゅう产专业户"了りょう吧。[Both Zhu Bajie's nail palladium in "Journey to the West" and Su Quanzhong's silver-pointed halberd in "Fengshen Yanyi" are said to have been cast in Laojun's furnace. According to legends, Laojun went as far as building an iron pot for Lu Ban as a token of gratitude, and since then, no other iron products were ever known to have emerged from his furnace. It is believed that Laojun was perhaps appointed by the Jade Emperor to specialize in refining the golden elixir required by the gods, becoming a "professional producer of golden elixir." This suggests that his focus shifted to the divine realm and the production of sacred substances rather than ordinary ironworks.]
  13. ^ 焦こげ作市さくいち文物ぶんぶつ志こころざし [Jiaozuo Cultural Relics] (in Chinese). 中州なかす古こ籍せき出版しゅっぱん社しゃ. 2005. ISBN 978-7-5348-2578-1. 据すえ旧きゅう县志与あずか民みん间传说,此家为殷商しょう名めい臣しん苏护、苏全忠ちゅう父子ふし墓ぼ。苏护父子ふし被ひ迫せり献けんじ出で苏妲己おのれ后きさき,反はん殷いん投とう周しゅう,伐き战争中ちゅう皆みな阵亡,葬そう于此。【小南こみなみ张商墓ぼ】位い于温县城北きた 3 公里くり小南こみなみ张村东北。 1968 年ねん 8 月がつ在ざい距地表ひょう半はん米べい多た深ふか的てき土ど坑内こうない出土しゅつど一いち批青铜器,共きょう 23 件けん。[According to the old county annals and folklore, the Xiaonanzhang Shang Tomb is the resting place of Su Hu and Su Quanzhong, father and son, who were renowned officials during the Yin and Shang Dynasties. After being compelled to sacrifice Su Daji, they turned against the Yin dynasty and aligned themselves with the Zhou. Unfortunately, they met their demise in the ensuing war and were laid to rest in this tomb. Situated in the northeast of Xiaonanzhang Village, 3 kilometers north of Wen County, in August 1968, a batch of 23 bronze wares were unearthed from a pit more than half a meter deep below the surface.]
  14. ^ 中外ちゅうがい歷史れきし美人びじん之の謎なぞ: 德とく威い文化ぶんか371 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 德とく威い國際こくさい文化ぶんか事業じぎょう. 1 May 2009. ISBN 978-986-6498-22-0. 溫ゆたか縣けん城ぐすく內有蘇そ護まもる、蘇そ全ちょん忠ただし父子ふし墓ぼ,即そく聯珠れんじゅ塚づか,今いま尚なお存そん大部たいぶ。聯珠れんじゅ塚づか西にし百ひゃく米まい有ゆう雲くも團だん塚づか,爲ため蘇そ護まもる大將たいしょう鄭てい倫りん之の墓はか,在ざい今こん實驗じっけん小學しょうがく院いん內,已やめ不ふ沒ぼつ。縣けん北きた的てき蘇そ王おう村むら,傳說でんせつ爲ため蘇そ護まもる的てき家か。 [In Wen County, there are the tombs of Su Hu and Su Quanzhong, the father and son, namely Lianzhu Tomb, most of which still exist today. A hundred meters to the west of Lianzhu Tomb is Yuntuan Tomb, which is the tomb of Zheng Lun, the general of Su Hu. Suwang Village in the north of the county is said to be the home of Su Hu.
  15. ^ 台灣たいわん信仰しんこう傳奇でんき [Legend of Faith in Taiwan] (in Chinese). 臺原だいのはら出版しゅっぱん社しゃ. 1989. ISBN 978-957-9261-43-2.
  16. ^ "【神祕しんぴ花園はなぞの】〈台灣たいわん神明しんめい點點てんてん名めい〉道教どうきょう大神だいじん 北斗星ほくとせい君くん管かん很大 - 自由じゆう藝文げいぶん網もう". Liberty Times (in Chinese). 7 September 2021.
  17. ^ 山やま东寺庙塔窟くつ (in Chinese). 齐鲁书社. 2002. ISBN 978-7-5333-1038-7.
  18. ^ "七なな星ほし燈とう". Encyclopedia of Taiwan.
  19. ^ "天人てんにん感かん应:中国ちゅうごく文化ぶんか视域中ちゅう的てき北斗星ほくとせい(下した)的てき论文_当代とうだい中国ちゅうごく论文_中国ちゅうごく论文网". www.11665.com.
  20. ^ 沪滨閑影 [Hubin Xianying] (in Chinese). 上海しゃんはい辞じ书出版しゅっぱん社しゃ. 2004. ISBN 978-7-5326-1551-3.
  21. ^ 泽州戏曲史し稿こう [Draft History of Zezhou Opera] (in Chinese). 山西さんせい人民じんみん出版しゅっぱん社しゃ. 1989. ISBN 978-7-203-01231-3. 苏全忠ただし急きゅう欲よく反はん商しょう,就把纣王的てき差さ官かん杀死,与あずか其父进到宫中,去さ杀纣王おう。纣王力りょく大武おおだけ艺高,把わ苏全忠ちゅう举起。苏妲己おのれ劝说,纣王命いのち苏护父子ふし出征しゅっせい。《点てん炮杀宫》是ぜ该剧中ちゅう的てき一いち折おり。"杀宫"一场表演火暴 的てき叫さけべ彩いろどり戏。宫调泰斗たいと赵清海うみ, 292 《岐山きざん脚あし》取材しゅざい于《封ふう神しん演えんじ义》第だい四よん ...
  22. ^ 湖南こなん戏曲传统剧本: 湘剧 [Hunan Opera Traditional Scripts: Hunan Opera] (in Chinese). 湖南こなみ省しょう戏剧研究所けんきゅうじょ. 1980. 崇たかし黑くろ虎とら小弟しょうてい叨扰。(众下)〔崇たかし黑くろ虎とら独どく上じょう。崇たかし黑くろ虎とら苏护出で营受死し!〔苏全忠ちゅう杀上与あずか黑くろ虎とら对打,崇たかし黑くろ虎とら败下,复上。崇たかし黑くろ虎とら苏全忠ちゅう杀法利害りがい,再さい若わか追おい来らい,使つかい起おこり乌鸦兵へい擒とりこ他た!〔苏全忠ちゅう上じょう对仗,崇たかし黑くろ虎とら放ひ乌鸦兵へい擒とりこ苏全忠ちゅう下か。 郑伦〔郑伦内ない唱导板ばん。(唱 63 崇たかし黑くろ免まぬかれ,到いた此何事なにごと?
  23. ^ 劇壇げきだん (in Chinese). 《劇壇げきだん》编辑部ぶ. 1985. 主要しゅよう剧目有ゆう全ぜん本ほん《乌龙院いん》(《刘唐下か书》中ちゅう我が的てき刘唐,信芳のぶよし的てき宋そう江え),《四よん进士》(他た的てき宋そう士し杰,我が的てき顾读),《封ふう神しん榜》(他た的てき姜きょう子こ牙きば,我が的てき苏全忠ちゅう),《战长沙すな》周しゅう信芳のぶよし《扫松下か书》剧照。李り相しょう心こころ供きょう稿こう等とう等とう。[The main repertoires include the complete version of 'Wolongyuan' (Liu Tang in 'Liu Tang Xia Shu', Xinfang's Song Jiang), 'Four Scholars' (Song Shijie, Gu Du), 'Fengshen Bang' (Jiang Ziya, Su Quanzhong), and stills from 'Battle of Changsha' (Zhou Xinfang).]
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