Tongtianguanfu
Tongtianguanfu | |||||||
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![]() Emperor Xuanzu ( | |||||||
Chinese | |||||||
Literal meaning | 'Direct links with Heaven' uniform | ||||||
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Tongtianguanfu (Chinese:
Terminology
[edit]The term tongtian means "direct links with heaven".[5]
Composition and construction
[edit]The tongtianguanfu is composed of:
The gauze outer robe (paofu), called jiangshapao (Chinese: 绛纱
The crimson outer robe was worn with a red gauze skirt and a crimson bixi (Chinese: 蔽膝, knee cover) was fastened around the waist of its wearer.[1][6] The inner garment was a white robe (Chinese:
The high crown was called tongtianguan (Chinese:
A pendant-like ornament called fangxin quling (Chinese:
A belt with ribbons was also tied to the waist.[1]
As footwear, the Emperor would have worn white stockings and black shoes.[1][6]
-
Crimson robe (絳紗
袍 ) from the Gujin Tushu Jicheng. -
Jin dynasty tongtianguan seen on a segment of Wise and Benevolent Women-scroll painting by Gu Kaizhi (on the left; worn by King Wu of Chu).
-
Northern Wei dynasty lacquer painting of Duke Ling of Wey wearing a tongtianguan.
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Portrait of Emperor Wu of Liang wearing a tongtianguan
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Tang dynasty tongtianguan as depicted on Wu Daozi's scroll-painting.
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Northern Yan golden cicada-patterned dang plaque ornament, used on headwear such as the tongtianguan.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j 5000 years of Chinese costumes. Xun Zhou, Chunming Gao,
周 汛, Shanghai Shi xi qu xue xiao. Zhongguo fu zhuang shi yan jiu zu. San Francisco, CA: China Books & Periodicals. 1987. pp. 108–109. ISBN 0-8351-1822-3. OCLC 19814728.{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ a b Fang, Alex Chengyu (2016). The Language and Iconography of Chinese Charms: Deciphering a Past Belief System. Fran?cois Thierry. [Place of publication not identified]. ISBN 978-981-10-1793-3. OCLC 966360040.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b c d Zhu, Ruixi;
朱 瑞 熙 (2016). A social history of middle-period China : the Song, Liao, Western Xia and Jin dynasties. Bangwei Zhang, Fusheng Liu, Chongbang Cai, Zengyu Wang, Peter Ditmanson, Bang Qian Zhu (Updated ed.). Cambridge, United Kingdom. pp. 7, 41. ISBN 978-1-107-16786-5. OCLC 953576345.{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^
董 进. (2011). Q版 大明 衣冠 图志. Bei jing you dian da xue chu ban she. ISBN 978-7-5635-2501-0. OCLC 885837660. - ^ 臧,
迎春 (2003).中国 传统服 饰.五 洲 传播出版 社 . ISBN 9787508502793. - ^ a b c d e "
宋 代 皇帝 服 饰:通 天 冠 服 - 栖凤阁汉服 网|最 美 中国 风尽 在 栖凤阁 Powered by Hishop". hanfudian.com. Retrieved 2021-12-21. - ^ "120". Book of Later Han.
通 天 冠 ,高 九 寸 ,正 竖,顶少邪 却,乃直下 为铁卷 梁 ,前 有山 ,展 筒 为述,乘 舆所常 服 。 - ^ "25". Book of Jin.
"
通 天 冠 ,本 秦 制 。高 九 寸 ,正 竖,顶少斜 却,乃直下 ,铁为卷 梁 ,前 有 展 筒 ,冠 前 加 金 博 山 述 ,乘 舆所常 服 也。 " - ^ a b c Burkus, Anne Gail (2010). Through a forest of chancellors : fugitive histories in Liu Yuan's Lingyan ge, an illustrated book from seventeenth-century Suzhou. Yuan, active Liu. Cambridge, Mass. p. 92. ISBN 978-1-68417-050-0. OCLC 956711877.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)