Yōko Ogawa

Yōko Ogawa
Born	(1962-03-30) March 30, 1962 Okayama, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
Occupation	Novelist, short story writer, essayist
Nationality	Japanese
Period	1980–present
Notable works	The Housekeeper and the Professor, The Memory Police
Notable awards	Akutagawa Prize 1990

Yōko Ogawa (小川おがわ 洋子ようこ, Ogawa Yōko, born March 30, 1962) is a Japanese writer. Her work has won every major Japanese literary award, including the Akutagawa Prize and the Yomiuri Prize. Internationally, she has been the recipient of the Shirley Jackson Award and the American Book Award. The Memory Police was also shortlisted for the International Booker Prize in 2020.

Some of her most well known works include The Housekeeper and the Professor, The Diving Pool and Hotel Iris.

Background and education

Ogawa was born in Okayama, Okayama Prefecture, and attended Waseda University, Tokyo. When she married her husband, a steel company engineer, she quit her job as a medical university secretary and wrote while her husband was at work. Initially, she wrote only as a hobby, and her husband didn't realise she was a writer until her debut novel, The Breaking of the Butterfly, received a literary prize. Her novella Pregnancy Diary, written in brief intervals when her son was a toddler, won the prestigious Akutagawa Prize for literature, thus cementing her reputation in Japan.

She currently lives in Ashiya, Japan.

Career

Since 1988, Ogawa has published more than fifty works of fiction and nonfiction. Much of her work has yet to be translated into English. In 2006, she worked alongside the mathematician Masahiko Fujiwara to co-write "An Introduction to the World's Most Elegant Mathematics", a dialogue on the extraordinary beauty of numbers.

Her work has been published in the New Yorker, A Public Space and Zoetrope.[1]

The 2005 French film L'Annulaire (The Ringfinger) was based in part on Ogawa's Kusuriyubi no hyōhon. Her novel The Housekeeper and the Professor was adapted into the movie The Professor's Beloved Equation. In partnership with Amazon studios, Reed Morano and Charlie Kaufman are set to adapt The Memory Police.

Themes and influences

Kenzaburō Ōe has said, "Yoko Ogawa is able to give expression to the most subtle workings of human psychology in prose that is gentle yet penetrating." Her English translator, Stephen Snyder, has said that “There is a naturalness to what she writes so it never feels forced...Her narrative seems to be flowing from a source that’s hard to identify.”

Frequently, she explores the theme of memory in her works. For instance, The Housekeeper and the Professor follows a mathematics professor who cannot remember anything for longer than eighty minutes, and The Memory Police is about a group of islanders who gradually forget the existence of certain things, such as birds or flowers. Human cruelty features as another prominent theme in her work, as she is interested in exploring what drives people to commit acts of physical or emotional violence. She often writes about female bodies and the woman's role in a family, which has led many to label her as a feminist writer. Ogawa is hesitatant about this label, stating instead that she "just peeked into [the world of her characters] and took notes from what they were doing".

The Diary of Anne Frank has been a significant source of inspiration to her throughout her career. She first encountered the diary as a teenager, and was inspired to start a diary of her own, writing back to Anne as though they were friends. She notes how “Anne’s heart and mind were so rich,” and that “her diary proved that people can grow even in such a confined situation. And writing could give people freedom.” Given its themes of persecution and confinement, The Memory Police in particular is a response to Anne's diary and the Holocaust in general.

While at Waseda University, she was influenced by fellow Japanese authors such as Mieko Kanai, Kenzaburō Ōe, and Haruki Murakami. She also felt influenced by the American author Paul Auster, who she believes “writes a spoken literature—it feels like he’s written down a story someone told him, rather than creating it himself. Shibata’s translation was also very important, but when I read Moon Palace I thought ‘This is how I’d like to write.’ Like I’m just a medium for transferring a story from the world outside.”

Awards and honors

• 1988: Kaien Literary Prize (Benesse) for her debut The Breaking of the Butterfly (Agehacho ga kowareru toki, 揚羽蝶あげはちょうが壊こわれる時とき)
• 1990: Akutagawa Prize for Pregnancy Diary (Ninshin karendaa, 妊娠にんしん カレンダー)
• 2004: Yomiuri Prize, Bookseller's Award for The Professor's Beloved Equation (Hakase no aishita sūshiki, 博士はかせの愛あいした数式すうしき; translated as The Housekeeper and the Professor)
• 2004: Izumi Kyōka Prize for Burafuman no maisō, ブラフマンの埋葬まいそう
• 2006: Tanizaki Prize for Mina's Matchbox (Mīna no kōshin, ミーナの行進こうしん)
• 2008: Shirley Jackson Award for The Diving Pool
• 2014: Independent Foreign Fiction Prize shortlist for Revenge: Eleven Dark Tales (Japanese; trans. Stephen Snyder)
• 2020: American Book Award for The Memory Police (Japanese; trans. Stephen Snyder)
• 2021: Medal with Purple Ribbon
• 2022: Royal Society of Literature International Writer

Works in English translation

Novels and novellas

• The Diving Pool (Daibingu puru, ダイヴィング・プール, 1990; Ninshin karendā, 妊娠にんしんカレンダー, 1991; Dormitory, ドミトリイ, 1991); translated by Stephen Snyder, New York: Picador, 2008. ISBN 0-312-42683-6; published on The New York Times in 2006
• The Memory Police (Hisoyaka na kesshō, 密ひそやかな結晶けっしょう, 1994), translated by Stephen Snyder, Pantheon Books, 2019.
• Hotel Iris (Hoteru Airisu, ホテル・アイリス, 1996), translated by Stephen Snyder, Picador, 2010.
• The Housekeeper and the Professor (Hakase no ai shita sūshiki, 博士はかせの愛あいした数式すうしき, 2003); translated by Stephen Snyder, New York : Picador, 2008. ISBN 0-312-42780-8
• Mina's Matchbox (Mīna no kōshin, ミーナの行進こうしん, 2006); translated by Stephen Snyder, New York: Pantheon, London: Harvill Secker, 2024.

Short stories and collections

• "Pregnancy Diary" (Ninshin karendā, 妊娠にんしんカレンダー, 1991); translated by Stephen Snyder, The New Yorker, 12/2005. Read here
• "The Cafeteria in the Evening and a Pool in the Rain" (Yūgure no kyūshoku shitsu to ame no pūru, 夕暮ゆうぐれの給食きゅうしょく室しつと雨あめのプール, 1991); translated by Stephen Snyder, The New Yorker, 9/2004. Read here
• "Transit" (Toranjitto, トランジット, 1996); translated by Alisa Freedman, Japanese Art: The Scholarship and Legacy of Chino Kaori, special issue of Review of Japanese Culture and Society, Vol. XV (Center for Inter-Cultural Studies and Education, Josai University, December 2003): 114-125. ISSN 0913-4700
• "The Man Who Sold Braces" (Gibusu o uru hito, ギブスを売うる人ひと, 1998); translated by Motoyuki Shibata, Manoa, 13.1, 2001.
• Revenge: Eleven Dark Tales (Kamoku na shigai, midara na tomurai, 寡黙かもくな死骸しがいみだらな弔ちょうい,1998) Translated by Stephen Snyder, Picador, 2013.

Other works

• Agehachō ga kowareru toki, 揚羽蝶あげはちょうが壊こわれる時とき, 1989, Kaien Prize
• Kanpeki na byōshitsu, 完璧かんぺきな病室びょうしつ, 1989
• Same nai kōcha, 冷さめない紅茶こうちゃ, 1990
• Shugā taimu, シュガータイム, 1991
• Yohaku no ai, 余白よはくの愛あい, 1992
• Angelina Sano Motoharu to 10 no tanpen, アンジェリーナ―佐野さの元春もとはると10の短編たんぺん, 1993
• Yōsei ga mai oriru yoru, 妖精ようせいが舞まい下おりる夜よる, 1993
• Hisoyaka na kesshō, 密ひそやかな結晶けっしょう, 1994
• Kusuriyubi no hyōhon, 薬指くすりゆびの標本ひょうほん, 1994
• Rokukakukei no shō heya, 六角形ろっかっけいの小しょう部屋へや, 1994
• Anne Furanku no kioku, アンネ・フランクの記憶きおく, 1995
• Shishū suru shōjo, 刺繍ししゅうする少女しょうじょ, 1996
• Yasashī uttae, やさしい訴うったえ, 1996
• Kamoku na shigai, midara na tomurai, 寡黙かもくな死骸しがいみだらな弔ちょうい, 1998
• Kōritsui ta kaori, 凍こおりついた香かおり, 1998
• Fukaki kokoro no soko yori, 深ふかき心しんの底そこより, 1999
• Gūzen no shukufuku, 偶然ぐうぜんの祝福しゅくふく, 2000
• Chinmoku hakubutsukan, 沈黙ちんもく博物館はくぶつかん, 2000
• Mabuta, まぶた, 2001
• Kifujin A no sosei, 貴婦人きふじんAの蘇生そせい, 2002
• Burafuman no maisō, ブラフマンの埋葬まいそう, 2004, Izumi Kyōka Prize
• Yo ni mo utsukushī sūgaku nyūmon, 世よにも美うつくしい数学すうがく入門にゅうもん, 2005 (An Introduction to the World's Most Elegant Mathematics)
• Inu no shippo o nade nagara, 犬いぬのしっぽを撫なでながら, 2006
• Otogibanashi no wasuremono, おとぎ話ばなしの忘わすれ物もの, 2006 (illustrated)
• Umi, 海うみ 2006
• Hajimete no bungaku Ogawa Yōko, はじめての文学ぶんがく 小川おがわ洋子ようこ 2007
• Hakase no hondana, 博士はかせの本棚ほんだな, 2007
• Monogatari no yakuwari, 物語ものがたりの役割やくわり, 2007
• Ogawa Yōko taiwa shū, 小川おがわ洋子ようこ 対話たいわ集しゅう, 2007 (conversations)
• Yoake no fuchi wo samayou hitobito, 夜明よあけの縁えんをさ迷まよう人々ひとびと, 2007
• Kagaku no tobira wo nokku suru, 科学かがくの扉とびらをノックする, 2008
• Karā hiyoko to kōhīmame, カラーひよことコーヒー豆まめ, 2009
• Kokoro to hibikiau dokusho annai, 心しんと響ひびき合あう読書どくしょ案内あんない, 2009
• Neko wo daite zou to oyogu, 猫ねこを抱だいて象ぞうと泳およぐ, 2009
• Genkou reimai nikki, 原稿げんこう零れい枚まい日記にっき, 2010
• Moso kibun, 妄想もうそう気分きぶん, 2011
• Hitojichi no roudokukai, 人質ひとじちの朗読ろうどく会かい, 2011
• Tonikaku sanpo itashimasho, とにかく散歩さんぽいたしましょう, 2012
• Kotori, ことり, 2012
• Saihate ākēdo, 最果さいはてアーケード, 2012
• Itsumo karera wa dokoka ni, いつも彼かれらはどこかに, 2013
• Kohaku no matataki, 琥珀こはくのまたたき, 2015
• Fujichaku suru ryūsei tachi, 不時着ふじちゃくする流星りゅうせいたち, 2017
• Kuchibue no jōzu na shirayukihime, 口笛くちぶえの上手じょうずな白雪姫しらゆきひめ, 2018
• Kobako, 小しょう箱はこ, 2019
• Yakusoku sareta idō, 約束やくそくされた移動いどう, 2019

Interviews

• "Writer Ogawa Yōko’s Stories of Memory and Loss" (by Kimie Itakura),'"Nippon com", March 2020

External links

• J'Lit | Authors : Yoko Ogawa | Books from Japan (in English)