թել

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Armenian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Old Armenian թել (tʻel).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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թել • (tʻel)

  1. thread
    բարակ թել ― barak tʻel ― thin thread

Declension

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i-type, inanimate (Eastern Armenian)
singular plural
nominative թել (tʻel) թելեր (tʻeler)
dative թելի (tʻeli) թելերի (tʻeleri)
ablative թելից (tʻelicʻ) թելերից (tʻelericʻ)
instrumental թելով (tʻelov) թելերով (tʻelerov)
locative թելում (tʻelum) թելերում (tʻelerum)
definite forms
nominative թելը/թելն (tʻelə/tʻeln) թելերը/թելերն (tʻelerə/tʻelern)
dative թելին (tʻelin) թելերին (tʻelerin)
1st person possessive forms (my)
nominative թելս (tʻels) թելերս (tʻelers)
dative թելիս (tʻelis) թելերիս (tʻeleris)
ablative թելիցս (tʻelicʻs) թելերիցս (tʻelericʻs)
instrumental թելովս (tʻelovs) թելերովս (tʻelerovs)
locative թելումս (tʻelums) թելերումս (tʻelerums)
2nd person possessive forms (your)
nominative թելդ (tʻeld) թելերդ (tʻelerd)
dative թելիդ (tʻelid) թելերիդ (tʻelerid)
ablative թելիցդ (tʻelicʻd) թելերիցդ (tʻelericʻd)
instrumental թելովդ (tʻelovd) թելերովդ (tʻelerovd)
locative թելումդ (tʻelumd) թելերումդ (tʻelerumd)

Descendants

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  • → Lomavren: թել (tʻel)
  • → Ottoman Turkish: تل (tel) (possibly) (see there for further descendants)

Old Armenian

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Etymology

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The origin is disputed. The same word is found in several language groups: Iranian – Persian تیلا (“rope; spinning wheel”), Khotanese [script needed] (ttīla-) (from older *tēla-), Ossetian тел (tel), Northern Kurdish têl, Central Kurdish تێل (têl), تەل (tel); Turkic – Ottoman Turkish تل (tel), Azerbaijani tel, Crimean Tatar tel, Gagauz tel, Kumyk тел (tel), Nogai тел (tel), Turkmen til, perhaps also Karakhanid تِلیٖ (tili, “thong”), Chuvash тал (tal, “strand”); Northeast Caucasian — Avar тел (tel), Dargwa тел (tel), Lezgi тел (tel).[1][2][3][4][5][6] The interrelationship of these is not clear; a Turkic origin that has been suggested[3][7] is unconvincing.

According to some, the Armenian is a native term inherited from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *ten- (“to stretch, draw”) or *tek- (“to weave”).[8][9][10][11] The rest are then Armenian borrowings, with a high certainty in case of Turkish.[12][1][13][14][15][16]

On the other hand, Bailey derives all from Old Iranian *tarθしーたrya-, from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, turn; to drill, pierce”), whence notably English thread, the Armenian and Turkic being Iranian borrowings, in case of Turkic perhaps via Armenian.[17][18][19] Abaev adduces also Persian تار (târ) as a cognate.[6] Note also Central Kurdish تاڵ (tall, “string, cord”).

Note also Hebrew תּוֹר (tōr, “line”), Jewish Babylonian Aramaic תּוֹרָא (tōrā, “cord, band”), deriving from Akkadian 𒄙 (/⁠turru, ṭurru⁠/, “yarn, twine, wire, string; a twist of fibers”) and the source of obsolete Arabic تُرّ (turr, “plumb line”), possibly related to the native verb *tawar- (“to go about, to circle, to turn about, to encompass, to come around again; to plait, to braid”), or ultimately from Sumerian 𒄙 (dur, “strip”).

Noun

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թել • (tʻel)

  1. thread, filament; fibre; chord [from 5th c.]
    թել ոսկի ― tʻel oski ― golden thread
    թել արծաթի ― tʻel arcatʻi ― silver thread
    թել երկաթի ― tʻel erkatʻi ― iron or metal wire
    հատանել թելս թելս ― hatanel tʻels tʻels ― to reduce to filaments; to atomize
    թել զթելն յօրինել ― tʻel ztʻeln yōrinel ― to weave thread by thread; to adorn symmetrically
    թելք բանից, պատմութեան ― tʻelkʻ banicʻ, patmutʻean ― the thread of a discourse or story
    հատանել զթել բանին ― hatanel ztʻel banin ― to break the thread of one's argument
    թել կենաց ― tʻel kenacʻ ― the thread of life
    հատանել զթել կենաց ― hatanel ztʻel kenacʻ ― to cut the thread of life, to cut off one's days

Declension

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o-type
singular plural
nominative թել (tʻel) թելք (tʻelkʻ)
genitive թելոյ (tʻeloy) թելոց (tʻelocʻ)
dative թելոյ (tʻeloy) թելոց (tʻelocʻ)
accusative թել (tʻel) թելս (tʻels)
ablative թելոյ (tʻeloy) թելոց (tʻelocʻ)
instrumental թելով (tʻelov) թելովք (tʻelovkʻ)
locative թել (tʻel) թելս (tʻels)

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Armenian: թել (tʻel), թիլ (tʻil) — dialectal
    • → Lomavren: թել (tʻel)
    • → Ottoman Turkish: تل (tel) (possibly) (see there for further descendants)

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “թել”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, pages 169–170
  2. ^ Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 471a
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “­*t῾ḗlù”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
  4. ^ Cabolov, R. L. (2010) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 401–402
  5. ^ Chyet, Michael L. (2003) “թել”, in Kurdish–English Dictionary‎[1], with selected etymologies by Martin Schwartz, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, page 616
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Abajev, V. I. (1979) Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, page 288
  7. ^ Tenišev E. R., Dybo A. V., editor (2006), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: Pratjurkskij jazyk-osnova. Kartina mira pratjurkskovo etnosa po dannym jazyka [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages: The Proto-Turkic basic language. The World Picture of the Proto-Turkic ethnos (by language data)] (in Russian), volume VI, Moscow: Nauka, pages 811–812
  8. ^ Pedersen (Pedersən), Holger (1907) H. Tʻovmas Ketikean, transl., Hayerēn ew dracʻi lezunerə [Armenian and the Neighbouring Languages] (in Armenian), Vienna: Mekhitarist Press, page 234
  9. ^ J̌ahukyan, Geworg (1987) Hayocʻ lezvi patmutʻyun; naxagrayin žamanakašrǰan [History of the Armenian language: The Pre-Literary Period]‎[2] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 233
  10. ^ J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010) “թել”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 263a
  11. ^ Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 200
  12. ^ Kraelitz, Friedrich (1913) “Türkische Etymologien”, in Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes‎[3] (in German), volume 27, pages 131–132
  13. ^ Gayayan, Harutʻyun (1977) “Gorgagorcutʻyan meǰ kiraṙvoġ hayeren pʻoxaṙyal baṙer tʻurkʻerenum [Armenian Borrowings in Turkish, Used in Carpet Making]”, in Lraber Hasarakakan Gitutyunneri [Herald of the Social Sciences]‎[4] (in Armenian), number 8, pages 86–87
  14. ^ Bläsing, Uwe (1992) Armenisches Lehngut im Türkeitürkischen am Beispiel von Hemşin (Dutch Studies in Armenian Language and Literature; 2) (in German), Amsterdam and Atlanta: Rodopi, pages 13–14
  15. ^ Dankoff, Robert (1995) Armenian Loanwords in Turkish (Turcologica; 21), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, page 47
  16. ^ Eren, Hasan (1999) “tel”, in Türk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü [Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language] (in Turkish), Ankara: Bizim Büro Basım Evi, page 400b
  17. ^ Bailey, H. W. (1966) “The Sudhana Poem of Ṛddhiprabhāva”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies‎[5], volume 29, number 3, page 524
  18. ^ Bailey, H. W. (1970) “A Range of Iranica”, in Mary Boyce, Ilya Gershevitch, editors, W.B. Henning memorial volume‎[6], London: Lund Humphries, pages 30–33
  19. ^ Bailey, H. W. (1979) Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 129b

Further reading

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  • Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “թել”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
  • Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “թել”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
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