bacterium

English

3D diagram of a bacterium

Shapes of bacteria

Etymology

From New Latin bactērium, from Ancient Greek βακτήριον (baktḗrion, “small staff”), from βακτηρία (baktēría).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəm/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɪəɹiəm

Noun

bacterium (plural bacteria or (uncommon, possibly nonstandard) bacteriums)

1. (microbiology) A single-celled organism with cell walls but no nucleus or organelles.
   • 2013 July 20, “Welcome to the plastisphere”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:

     Plastics are energy-rich substances, which is why many of them burn so readily. Any organism that could unlock and use that energy would do well in the Anthropocene. Terrestrial bacteria and fungi which can manage this trick are already familiar to experts in the field.

Usage notes

• In most formal writing, bacterium is the singular form of the noun, and bacteria the plural form. This is in accord with the word's Latin etymology. However, in ordinary speech, some speakers use bacteria as a singular, with plural either bacteria or bacterias. This is usually considered nonstandard.

Hypernyms

• prokaryote

 

Hyponyms

• See also Thesaurus:bacterium

Derived terms

• agrobacterium
• archaebacterium
• archebacterium
• bacterial
• bactericidal
• bactericide
• bacteriologist
• bacteriology
• bacteroid
• betaproteobacterium
• blue-green bacterium
• cyanobacterium
• diplobacterium
• endobacterium
• enterobacterium
• epibacterium
• eubacterium
• halobacterium
• Hansen's bacterium
• heliobacterium
• iron bacterium
• macrobacterium
• megabacterium
• microbacterium
• mycobacterium
• nanobacterium
• nitrobacterium
• phosphobacterium
• photobacterium
• phytobacterium
• probacterium
• rhizobacterium
• spirobacterium
• streptobacterium
• sulfur bacterium
• sulphur bacterium
• ultramicrobacterium
• urobacterium

 

Translations

single-celled organism with no nucleus or organelles

• Afrikaans: bakterie (af)
• Albanian: bakter (sq)
• Arabic: جُرْثُومَة (ar) f (jurṯūma)
• Armenian: բակտերիա (hy) (bakteria)
• Asturian: bacteria (ast) f
• Azerbaijani: bakteriya (az)
• Belarusian: бактэ́рыя f (baktéryja)
• Bengali: ব্যাক্টেরিয়া (bêkṭeriẏa)
• Bulgarian: бакте́рия (bg) f (baktérija)
• Burmese: ဗက်တီးရီးယား (my) (bakti:ri:ya:)
• Catalan: bacteri (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 細菌さいきん／细菌 (sai³ kwan²)

  Hokkien: 細菌さいきん／细菌 (zh-min-nan) (sè-khún, suè-khún)

  Mandarin: 細菌さいきん／细菌 (zh) (xìjūn)

• Czech: bakterie (cs) f
• Danish: bakterie (da) c
• Dutch: bacterie (nl) f
• Esperanto: bakterio
• Estonian: bakter (et)
• Farefare: bakterium
• Finnish: bakteeri (fi)
• French: bactérie (fr) f
• Galician: bacteria (gl) f
• Georgian: ბაქტერია (bakṭeria)
• German: Bakterium (de) n, Bakterie (de) f
• Greek: βακτήριο (el) n (vaktírio)
• Hebrew: חַיְדַּק \ חידק (he) m (khaydák)
• Hindi: जीवाणु (hi) (jīvāṇu), कीटाणु (hi) m (kīṭāṇu)
• Hungarian: baktérium (hu)
• Icelandic: baktería (is) f, gerill (is) m
• Indonesian: bakteri (id), kuman (id)
• Interlingua: bacterio (ia)
• Italian: batterio (it) m
• Japanese: 細菌さいきん (ja) (さいきん, saikin), バクテリア (ja) (bakuteria)
• Kazakh: бактерия (bakteriä)
• Khmer: បាក់តេរី (km) (bakteerii)
• Korean: 세균(細菌さいきん) (ko) (segyun), 박테리아 (ko) (bakteria)
• Kyrgyz: бактерия (bakteriya)
• Lao: ບັກເຕຣີ (lo) (bak tē rī)
• Latin: bactērium n
• Latvian: baktērija f
• Lithuanian: bakterija f
• Macedonian: бактерија f (bakterija)
• Malay: bakteria (ms), kuman (ms)
• Maori: huakita
• Marathi: जीवाणू m (jīvāṇū)
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: нян (mn) (njan), бактери (mn) (bakteri)

  Mongolian: ᠨᠢᠶᠠᠨ (niyan), ᠪᠠᠻᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ (baktēri)

• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: bakterie (no) m

  Nynorsk: bakterie m

• Occitan: bactèri (oc) m, bacteria (oc) f
• Pashto: باکتري f (bākterí), باکتېريا f (bākteryā)
• Persian: باکتری (fa) (bâkteri)
• Polish: bakteria (pl) f
• Portuguese: bactéria (pt) f
• Quechua: añaki (qu)
• Romanian: bacterie (ro) f
• Russian: бакте́рия (ru) f (baktɛ́rija)
• Sanskrit: जीवाणु m (jīvāṇu)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: ба̀кте̄рија f

  Roman: bàktērija (sh) f

• Slovak: baktéria (sk) f
• Slovene: bakterija (sl) f
• Spanish: bacteria (es) f
• Swahili: bakteria (sw)
• Swedish: bakterie (sv) c
• Tagalog: ishay, bakterya
• Tajik: бактерия (tg) (bakteriya)
• Tatar: бактерия (baqteriyä)
• Thai: แบคทีเรีย (th) (bɛ̀k-tii-riia), บัคเตรี (th) (bàk-dtee-rii), บักเตรี (th) (bàk-dtee-rii)
• Turkish: bakteri (tr)
• Turkmen: bakteriýa (tk)
• Ukrainian: бакте́рія (uk) f (baktérija)
• Urdu: بیکٹیریا m (baikṭīriyā), جَرْثُومَہ m (jarsūmā)
• Uyghur: باكتېرىيە (baktëriye)
• Uzbek: bakteriya (uz)
• Vietnamese: vi khuẩn (vi) (微ほろ菌きん), vi trùng (vi) (微ほろ蟲むし)
• Volapük: bakter
• Yoruba: bakitéríà

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Amharic: ^{(please verify)} ባክቴሪያ (bakteriya)
• Arabic: ^{(please verify)} بَكْتِيرِيَا (ar) f (baktīriyā)
• Armenian: ^{(please verify)} մանրէ (hy) (manrē)
• Assamese: ^{(please verify)} বেক্টেৰিয়া (bekteria), জীৱাণু (ziwanu)
• Breton: ^{(please verify)} bakteri
• Erzya: ^{(please verify)} явипанго (javipango)
• Greenlandic: ^{(please verify)} bakteria
• Indonesian: ^{(please verify)} bakteri (id)
• Khmer: ^{(please verify)} វេត្រាណូ (veitraanou)
• Lao: ^{(please verify)} ຈຸລິນທີ (chu lin thī), ຈຸລິນສີ (chu lin sī), ເຊຶ້ອໂຣກ (sưa rōk), ຕົວພະຍາດ (tūa pha nyāt), ແບກທີເລຍ (bǣk thī līa)
• Navajo: ^{(please verify)} chʼosh doo yitʼínii
• Thai: ^{(please verify)} เชื้อ (th) (chʉ́ʉa)
• Tibetan: ^{(please verify)} ཞི་ཅུན (zhi cun)
• Urdu: ^{(please verify)} بیکٹیر (baikṭīr)
• Yiddish: ^{(please verify)} באַקטעריע f (bakterye)

Further reading

• bacterium on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

See also

• bacillus

Latin

Alternative forms

• (cane or staff): bactērius m

Etymology

From Ancient Greek βακτήριον (baktḗrion, “small staff”), from βακτηρία (baktēría).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /bakˈteː.ri.um/, [bäkˈt̪eːriʊ̃ˑ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /bakˈte.ri.um/, [bäkˈt̪ɛːrium]

Noun

bactērium n (genitive bactēriī); second declension

1. (Late Latin, Medieval Latin) cane, walking-stick; staff (of a shepherd)
2. (New Latin, microbiology) bacterium

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	bactērium	bactēria
Genitive	bactēriī	bactēriōrum
Dative	bactēriō	bactēriīs
Accusative	bactērium	bactēria
Ablative	bactēriō	bactēriīs
Vocative	bactērium	bactēria

References

• bacterium in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• bacterium in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• bacterium in Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften (1967– ) Mittellateinisches Wörterbuch, Munich: C.H. Beck
• Niermeyer, Jan Frederik (1976) “bacterius”, in Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden, Boston: E. J. Brill, page 76