微ほろ

See also: 徵ちょう, 徴ちょう, and 徹とおる

微ほろ U+5FAE, 微 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FAE ← 徭 [U+5FAD] CJK Unified Ideographs 徯 → [U+5FAF]

Translingual

Japanese	微ほろ
Simplified	微ほろ
Traditional	微ほろ

Alternative forms

Note that the middle component is written as 𡵂 (⿳山一やまいち几) in simplified Chinese and Korean. In Japanese, the middle component is written as 𡵉 (⿱山やま兀). In traditional Chinese, the middle component is written (⿳山一やまいち儿), as found in the Kangxi dictionary.

Han character

微ほろ (Kangxi radical 60, 彳+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 竹たけ人山ひとやま弓ゆみ大だい (HOUNK) or 竹たけ人山ひとやま山大やまだい (HOUUK), four-corner 2824₀, composition ⿰彳𢼸(GK) or ⿰彳𣁋(TJV))

Derived characters

• 䉠, 黴かび, 徽, 徵ちょう, 鰴, 幑, 覹, 溦

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 370, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10203
• Dae Jaweon: page 696, character 15
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 837, character 10
• Unihan data for U+5FAE

Chinese

trad.		微ほろ
simp. #		微ほろ
2nd round simp.		𡵉
alternative forms		㣲 𢕧 𢼸

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (微ほろ) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
矀	*mrɯl, *mɯl
覹	*mrɯl
黴かび	*mrɯl, *mɯːls
薇ぜんまい	*mrɯl, *mɯl
媺	*mrɯlʔ
微ほろ	*mɯl
溦	*mɯl
癓	*mɯl
徽	*hmɯl
幑	*hmɯl

In oracle bone script, it may be written as 𡵂 or 𢼸.

The former is a variant of 美よし (OC *mriʔ), borrowed for sound, pictogram (象形しょうけい) of a person with long hair.

The latter an ideogrammic (會意かいい／会意かいい) and phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい／形声けいせい, OC *mɯl) : phonetic 𡵂 (OC *mriʔ) + semantic 攵 (“hand with tool”) – splitting or combing hairs; minute. Possibly the original form of 媺 (OC *mrɯlʔ).

彳 (OC *tʰeɡ) was added to emphasize action to create the modern form.

Etymology

"not; no"

The negative root *m + 惟おもんみ (OC *ɢʷi, “to be”) (Pulleybank, 1995).

"small"

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mwəj (“fine; delicate”) (STEDT). Cognate with Burmese မွေ့ (mwe., “delicate”).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wēi, wéi

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟ, ㄨㄟˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mei⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): mì

  (Meixian, Guangdong): mi²

• Northern Min (KCR): mî
• Eastern Min (BUC): mì
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): bî

  (Teochew, Peng'im): mui⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶mi; ⁶vi
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): uei²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wēi
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄟ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wei
    • Wade–Giles: wei¹
    • Yale: wēi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: uei
    • Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; dated variant in Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wéi
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wéi
    • Wade–Giles: wei²
    • Yale: wéi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wei
    • Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: mei⁴
    • Yale: mèih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mei⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: méi⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mei̯²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mì
    • Hakka Romanization System: mi^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: mi²
    • Sinological IPA: /mi¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: mi²
    • Sinological IPA: /mi¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mî
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi³³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: mì
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bî
    • Tâi-lô: bî
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bii
    • IPA (Xiamen): /bi²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /bi²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bi¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /bi²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /bi²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: mui⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mûi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mui⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶mi; ⁶vi
    • MiniDict: mi^去さ; vi^去さ
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³mi; ³vi
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mi²³/, /vi²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: uei²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /u̯e̞i̯¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: mj+j

Rime
Character	微ほろ
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲こえ)	明あきら (4)
Final (韻いん)	微ほろ (21)
Tone (調しらべ)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Closed
Division (等ひとし)	III
Fanqie	無む非ひ切きり
Baxter	mj+j
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mʉi/
Pan Wuyun	/mʷɨi/
Shao Rongfen	/miuəi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/muj/
Li Rong	/miuəi/
Wang Li	/mĭwəi/
Bernard Karlgren	/mwe̯i/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wéi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mei4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*məj/

  (Zhengzhang): /*mɯl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	微ほろ
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wēi
Middle Chinese	‹ mjɨj ›
Old Chinese	/*məj/
English	small
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	微ほろ
Reading #	1/1
No.	12801
Phonetic component	微ほろ
Rime group	微ほろ
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	微ほろ
Old Chinese	/*mɯl/

Definitions

微ほろ

1. tiny; small; trifling
2. to decline; to deteriorate
3. humble; low-ranking
4. slight; gentle
5. slightly; gently
6. ^† to not have

   • 微ほろ管かん仲なか，吾われ其被ひ髮かみ左衽さじん矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     微ほろ管かん仲なか，吾われ其被ひ发左衽おくみ矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Wēi Guǎn Zhòng, wú qí pīfàzuǒrèn yǐ. [Pinyin]

     Without Guan Zhong, we should now be wearing our hair unbound, and the lappets of our coats buttoning on the left side.

7. [from 19th c., officially from 1981 (PRC), 1985 (ROC)] micro- (SI unit prefix)
8. (～母はは) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 微ほろ (MC mj+j)
9. (～日ひ) (telegraphy) the fifth day of a month

Compounds

• 些微 (xiēwēi)
• 人ひと微ほろ權けん輕かる／人ひと微ほろ权轻
• 人ひと微ほろ言げん輕かる／人ひと微ほろ言げん轻 (rénwēiyánqīng)
• 以微知とも著ちょ
• 低てい微ほろ (dīwēi)
• 側がわ微ほろ／侧微
• 元もと微ほろ之これ
• 入にゅう微ほろ (rùwēi)
• 兵へい少將しょうしょう微ほろ／兵へい少将しょうしょう微ほろ
• 兵へい微ほろ將しょう寡／兵へい微ほろ将しょう寡 (bīngwēijiàngguǎ)
• 具體ぐたい而微／具体ぐたい而微
• 凌しのげ波は微ほろ步ふ
• 刻こく畫が入いれ微ほろ／刻こく画が入いれ微ほろ
• 力ちから微ほろ任にん重おも
• 功こう微ほろ德とく薄うす (gōngwēidébó)
• 卑微 (bēiwēi)
• 可か微ほろ (kěwēi)
• 名めい微ほろ德とく薄うす
• 太ふと微ほろ
• 寒さむ微ほろ (hánwēi)
• 寒さむ微ほろ簡陋／寒さむ微ほろ简陋
• 寖微寖滅／寖微寖灭
• 希まれ微ほろ
• 幽かそけ微ほろ
• 幾いく微ほろ／几微
• 式微しきび (shìwēi)
• 微ほろ不足ふそく道どう (wēibùzúdào)
• 微ほろ中子なかご (wēizhōngzǐ)
• 微ほろ乎其微ほろ (wēihūqíwēi)
• 微ほろ信しん (Wēixìn)
• 微分びぶん (wēifēn)
• 微分びぶん學がく／微分びぶん学がく
• 微ほろ博はく (wēibó)
• 微ほろ卷まき
• 微ほろ型かた (wēixíng)
• 微塵みじん／微ほろ尘 (wēichén)
• 微妙びみょう (wēimiào)
• 微ほろ子こ (wēizǐ)
• 微小びしょう (wēixiǎo)
• 微弱びじゃく (wēiruò)
• 微微びび (wēiwēi)
• 微ほろ忱まこと
• 微ほろ息いき
• 微恙びよう (wēiyàng)
• 微ほろ情じょう
• 微ほろ文ぶん
• 微ほろ文ぶん深ふか詆／微ほろ文ぶん深ふか诋
• 微ほろ時とき／微ほろ时
• 微ほろ晶あきら (wēijīng)
• 微ほろ暈かさ／微ほろ晕
• 微ほろ曦
• 微ほろ服ふく (wēifú)
• 微ほろ末すえ
• 微ほろ波なみ (wēibō)
• 微ほろ渺びょう
• 微ほろ獨どく／微ほろ独どく
• 微生物びせいぶつ (wēishēngwù)
• 微ほろ眇すがめ
• 微積分びせきぶん／微ほろ积分 (wēijīfēn)
• 微笑びしょう (wēixiào)
• 微ほろ米べい (wēimǐ)
• 微粒びりゅう (wēilì)
• 微細びさい／微ほろ细 (wēixì)
• 微ほろ纖／微ほろ纤
• 微ほろ脈みゃく／微ほろ脉
• 微ほろ臣しん (wēichén)
• 微ほろ茫 (wēimáng)
• 微ほろ薄すすき (wēibó)
• 微ほろ處理しょり器き／微ほろ处理器き (wēichǔlǐqì)
• 微ほろ處理しょり機き／微ほろ处理机つくえ (wēichǔlǐjī)
• 微ほろ血管けっかん
• 微行びこう (wēixíng)
• 微ほろ言げん (wēiyán)
• 微ほろ詞し／微ほろ词 (wēicí)
• 微ほろ賤／微ほろ贱 (wēijiàn)
• 微ほろ軟／微ほろ软
• 微ほろ辭じ／微ほろ辞じ (wēicí)
• 微醺びくん (wēixūn)
• 微量びりょう (wēiliàng)
• 微ほろ雕
• 微ほろ雕
• 微ほろ電腦でんのう／微ほろ电脑 (wēidiànnǎo)
• 微風びふう／微ほろ风 (wēifēng)
• 忽ゆるがせ微ほろ
• 慎まき小しょう謹微／慎まき小しょう谨微
• 慎まき微ほろ
• 才ざい微ほろ智さとし淺あさ／才ざい微ほろ智さとし浅あさ
• 才ざい秀人ひでと微ほろ
• 拈ひね花はな微笑びしょう
• 探さがせ賾索微ほろ／探さがせ赜索微ほろ
• 敬けい小しょう慎まき微ほろ
• 星ほし際ぎわ微塵みじん／星ほし际微尘
• 本ほん小しょう利り微ほろ (běnxiǎolìwēi)
• 杜もり微ほろ慎まき防ぼう
• 杜もり漸やや防ぼう微ほろ／杜もり渐防微ほろ
• 杜もり漸やや除じょ微ほろ／杜もり渐除微ほろ
• 梭微子こ
• 梨なし頰微渦うず／梨なし颊微涡
• 毚微
• 波なみ微ほろ
• 洞ほら燭しょく入いれ微ほろ／洞ほら烛入微ほろ
• 浸ひた微ほろ
• 浸ひた微ほろ浸ひた消けし
• 深ふか微ほろ
• 清きよし謳微吟びぎん／清きよし讴微吟びぎん
• 滄海そうかい微塵みじん／沧海微ほろ尘
• 漸やや趨式微しきび／渐趋式微しきび
• 火ひ熹微
• 無む微ほろ不ふ至いたり／无微不ふ至いたり (wúwēibùzhì)
• 熹微 (xīwēi)
• 爝火微光びこう
• 略ほぼ微ほろ (lüèwēi)
• 白玉しらたま微ほろ瑕きず
• 白玉しらたま微ほろ疵きず
• 白しろ璧微瑕きず (báibì-wēixiá)
• 睹微知とも著ちょ (dǔwēizhīzhù)
• 知ち微ほろ知ち彰あきら
• 破顏はがん微笑びしょう／破やぶ颜微笑びしょう
• 視み微ほろ知とも著ちょ／视微知とも著ちょ
• 福生ふっさ于微
• 禍わざわい起おこり隱微いんび／祸起隐微
• 稀まれ微ほろ (hi-bî) (Min Nan)
• 稍やや微ほろ (shāowēi)
• 積せき微ほろ成しげる著ちょ／积微成しげる著ちょ
• 窮きゅう幽かそけ極微ごくび／穷幽极微
• 窮きゅう纖入微ほろ／穷纤入いれ微ほろ
• 笑わらい微微びび (chhiò-bi-bi) (Min Nan)
• 精微せいび (jīngwēi)
• 糧かて寡兵かへい微ほろ／粮寡兵へい微ほろ
• 紫むらさき微ほろ (zǐwēi)
• 細微さいび／细微 (xìwēi)
• 細微さいび末節まっせつ／细微末まつ节 (xìwēimòjié)
• 縮ちぢみ影かげ微ほろ捲めく／缩影微ほろ卷まき
• 縮ちぢみ微ほろ／缩微
• 纖微／纤微
• 翠みどり微ほろ (cuìwēi)
• 翠みどり微ほろ山やま
• 興きょう微ほろ繼つぎ絕ぜっ／兴微继绝
• 蟲むし沙すな微ほろ類るい／虫むし沙すな微ほろ类
• 蠅はえ頭あたま微ほろ利り／蝇头微ほろ利り
• 衰微すいび (shuāiwēi)
• 見み微ほろ知ち萌もえ／见微知ち萌もえ
• 見み微ほろ知とも著ちょ／见微知とも著ちょ (jiànwēizhīzhù)
• 言げん微ほろ旨むね遠とお／言げん微ほろ旨むね远
• 談だん言げん微ほろ中なか／谈言微ほろ中なか
• 謹小慎まき微ほろ／谨小慎まき微ほろ (jǐnxiǎoshènwēi)
• 身輕みがる言げん微ほろ／身み轻言微ほろ (shēnqīngyánwēi)
• 輕微けいび／轻微 (qīngwēi)
• 辭じ微ほろ旨むね遠とお／辞じ微ほろ旨むね远
• 通つう幽かそけ洞ほら微ほろ
• 造みやつこ微ほろ入いれ妙みょう
• 量りょう小力こぢから微ほろ
• 鉤かぎ隱かくれ抉こじ微ほろ／钩隐抉こじ微ほろ
• 闡微／阐微
• 防ぼう微ほろ慮おもんばか遠どお／防ぼう微ほろ虑远
• 防ぼう微ほろ杜もり漸やや／防ぼう微ほろ杜もり渐 (fángwēidùjiàn)
• 隱微いんび／隐微
• 霏微 (fēiwēi)
• 音韻おんいん闡微／音おと韵阐微ほろ
• 顯微けんび手術しゅじゅつ／显微手しゅ术 (xiǎnwēi shǒushù)
• 顯微けんび書しょ影かげ／显微书影
• 顯微けんび照あきら相しょう／显微照あきら相しょう
• 顯微鏡けんびきょう／显微镜 (xiǎnwēijìng)
• 風ふう微ほろ浪なみ穩／风微浪なみ稳
• 體からだ貼は入にゅう微ほろ／体からだ贴入微ほろ (tǐtiērùwēi)

 

See also

SI prefix
Last		Next
毫 (háo)	微ほろ	奈/納おさめ／奈/纳

Chinese historical small numbers
Value	Character	Notes
10-1	分ぶん (fèn)	Still in use. SI prefix deci-.
10-2	厘りん (lí), 釐 (lí)	Still in use. SI prefix centi-.
10-3	毫 (háo)	Still in use. SI prefix milli-. Also 毛もう (máo).
10-4	絲いと／丝 (sī)	Rarely used today.
	秒びょう (miǎo)	Obsolete, only in ancient texts.
10-5	忽ゆるがせ (hū)	Rarely used today.
10-6	微ほろ (wēi)	Still in use. SI prefix micro-.
10-7	纖／纤 (xiān)	Obsolete.
10-8	沙すな (shā)	Obsolete.
10-9	塵ちり／尘 (chén)	Obsolete. 納おさめ／纳 (nà) and 奈 (nài) are used for nano-.
10-10	埃ほこり (āi)	Obsolete. In modern use, the character for angstrom (10-10 m).
10-11	渺びょう (miǎo)	Obsolete.
10-12	漠ばく (mò)	Obsolete. 皮かわ (pí) is used for SI prefix pico-.

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (微ほろ):

• → Japanese: 微ほろ(み) (mi); 微ほろ(び) (bi)
• → Korean: 미(微ほろ) (mi)
• → Vietnamese: vi (微ほろ)

Pronunciation 2

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bui

---

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bui
    • Tâi-lô: bui
    • Phofsit Daibuun: buy
    • IPA (Xiamen): /bui⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /bui³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bui⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /bui⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /bui⁴⁴/

Definitions

微ほろ (Southern Min)

1. (mouth, eyes, etc.) to close slightly

   • 看み著しる你啊像ぞう酒さけ醉よい茫茫ぼうぼう目め睭格かく微ほろ微ほろ [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad. and simp.]

     From: ~1986, 免めん失しつ志こころざし, sung by 陳ちん小しょう雲くも (Chen Hsiao-yun), lyrics by 王おう秀しげる英えい, composed by 陳ちん宏ひろし

     khòaⁿ tio̍h lí--ah chhiūⁿ chiú-chùi bâng-bâng ba̍k-chiu keh bui bui [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

     You look like you're drunk with [your] hazy eyes in a squinting pattern

2. a little

Compounds

• 峇微
• 微ほろ目め
• 沙すな微ほろ (sa-bui) (Min Nan)

 

Japanese

Kanji

微ほろ

(Jōyō kanji)

1. delicate

Readings

• Go-on: み (mi)
• Kan-on: び (bi, Jōyō)
• Kun: かすか (kasuka, 微かすか)、ちいさい (chīsai, 微ほろさい)、わずか (wazuka)

Etymology 1

Affix

微ほろ(び) • (bi) 

1. tiny; small; minute

Etymology 2

Affix

微ほろ(み) • (mi) 

1. tiny; small; minute

Korean

Hanja

微ほろ (eumhun 작을 미 (jageul mi))

1. hanja form^? of 미 (“small, few, little, hidden”)

微ほろ (eumhun 자질구레할 미 (jajilgurehal mi))

1. hanja form^? of 미 (“minor, trivial, trifling”)

Vietnamese

Han character

微ほろ: Hán Nôm readings: vi

1. chữ Hán form of vi (“micro-”).

Zhuang

Noun

微ほろ

1. Sawndip form of feiz (“fire”)