Wiktionary:About Chinese/Hakka

Wikipedia uses Pha̍k-fa-sṳ (PFS) to transcribe the Sixian dialect of Hakka and Guangdong Romanization (GD) for the Meixian dialect. See Module:hak-pron for the code.

Initials

PFS	HRS	GD	Hagfa Pinyim	HT	IPA			Examples	Notes
					N. Sixian	S. Sixian	Meixian
p	b				[p]			巴ともえ包つつみ本ほん
b	bb				[b]
ph	p				[pʰ]			爬病やまい片へん
m					[m]			馬うま毛もう門もん
f					[f]			花はな方ほう湖みずうみ
v					[v ~ ʋ]			完かん歪ひずみ烏がらす
t	d				[t]			打だ鳥とり白しろ短たん
th	t				[tʰ]			斷だん他た田た
n					[n]			拿內農のう
l					[l]			來き連れん力ちから
k	g				[k]			加か高こう瓜ふり
k(i)	g(i)				[k]		[c]	佢間あいだ雞
kh	k				[kʰ]			㧡確かく快こころよ
kh(i)	k(i)				[kʰ]		[cʰ]	其茄なす牽
ng					[ŋ]			𠊎牙きば外そと
ng(i)					[ɲ]			人ひと年とし月つき
h					[h]			客きゃく後のち海うみ
h(i)					[h]		[ç]	希まれ血ち現げん
ch	z				[t͡s]			渣紙かみ做
ch(i)	j				[t͡ɕ]			靚祭まつり酒さけ
ch	zh				[t͡ʃ]
chh	c				[t͡sʰ]			叉また菜さい深ふか
chh(i)	q				[t͡ɕʰ]			取と前まえ秋あき
chh	ch				[t͡ʃʰ]
s					[s]			蛇へび生せい水みず
s(i)	x				[ɕ]			西にし先さき心しん
s	sh				[ʃ]			西にし先さき心しん
j(i)	rh				[ʒ]
y(i)	-(i) ~ r(i)	y(i)	y(i)	∅	∅ ~ [j]	∅	一いち圓えん有ゆう	The i is omitted in PFS, GD and Hagfa Pinyim if not followed by another vowel.

Finals

PFS	HRS	GD	Hagfa Pinyim	IPA			Examples	Notes
				N. Sixian	S. Sixian	Meixian
ṳ	ii	i		/ɨ/, /z̩/			紫むらさき遲おそ時とき	Only with initials [t͡s], [t͡sʰ], [s]
i				/i/			杯はい知ち佢	Only with initials other than [t͡s], [t͡sʰ], [s]
u				/u/			布ぬの都と古ふる
a				/a/			巴ともえ他た家いえ
ia				/ia/			謝しゃ寫うつし爺じい
oa	ua			/ua/			瓜ふり掛かけ誇ほこ
e		ê	e	/e/			個こ仔こ倈～洗あらい
ie		iê	ie	/ie/			街まち北きた契ちぎり四よん厥梅うめ：～個こ
oe	ue	uê	ue	/ue/			□狀じょう聲ごえ詞し
o				/o/			多おお火ひ好このみ四よん
io				/io/			茄なす靴くつ唷
-		uo		-		/uo/	果はて過か	Merged with /o/ in Sixian
m				/m̩/			毋～係がかり
n				/n̩/			你嗯
ng		-	ng	/ŋ̍/		-	魚さかな五ご吳ご	Merged with /n̩/ in Meixian
ai				/ai/			災わざわい拜はい猜
iai				-	/iai/		解かい介かい界さかい	Merged with /ie/ in N. Sixian
oai	uai			/uai/			乖快こころよ怪かい
oi				/oi/			愛あい會かい背せ
ioi		-	ioi	/ioi/		-	𤸁	Merged with /oi/ in Meixian
ui				/ui/			內危水みず
iui				/iui/			銳するど睿
au				/au/			包つつみ燒やき梅うめ好このみ梅うめ
iau				/iau/			枵曉あかつき表ひょう梅うめ
eu		êu	eu	/eu/			兜かぶと燒やき四よん表ひょう四よん
iu				/iu/			有ゆう九きゅう酒さけ
ṳm	iim	em	im	/ɨm/		/əm/	針はり深ふか甚	Only with initials [t͡s], [t͡sʰ], [s]
im				/im/			音おと心しん林はやし	Only with initials other than [t͡s], [t͡sʰ], [s]
am				/am/			暗くら凡擔
iam				/iam/			炎ほのお點てん欠かけ
em		êm	em	/em/			含砧きぬた岑
ṳn	iin	en	in	/ɨn/		/ən/	真しん陳ひね神かみ	Only with initials [t͡s], [t͡sʰ], [s]
in				/in/			因いん新しん停とま	Only with initials other than [t͡s], [t͡sʰ], [s]
an				/an/			閒あいだ完かん蘭らん
ian				-	/ian/		見み現げん圓えん	Merged with /ien/ in N. Sixian; only with initials /k/, /kʰ/, /ŋ/, /h/
oan	uan			/uan/			關せき款慣
en		ên	en	/en/			恩おん朋とも能のう
ien		iên	ian	/ien/			千せん田た圓えん北きた	Usually only with initials other than /k/, /kʰ/, /ŋ/, /h/ in S. Sixian and Meixian
oen	uen	uên	uen	/uen/			耿炯
on				/on/			安やす卵たまご斷だん
ion				/ion/			軟吮全ちょん四よん
-		uon		-		/uon/	官かん觀かん罐かん	Merged with /on/ in Sixian
un				/un/			本ほん滾たぎ門もん
iun				/iun/			雲くも勤つとむ近ちか
ang				/aŋ/			罌行くだり正ただし白しろ
iang				/iaŋ/			營驚おどろき平ひらた白しろ
oang	uang			/uaŋ/			梗莖くき桱
ong				/oŋ/			王おう湯ゆ上うえ
iong				/ioŋ/			羊ひつじ亮あきら網あみ
-		uong		-		/uoŋ/	光ひかり廣ひろ狂きょう	Merged with /oŋ/ in Sixian
ung				/uŋ/			中なか公おおやけ東ひがし
iung				/iuŋ/			用よう龍りゅう頌
ṳp	iib	eb	ib	/ɨp̚/		/əp̚/	汁しる十じゅう濕しめ	Only with initials [t͡s], [s]
ip	ib			/ip̚/			邑立だて入いれ	Only with initials other than [t͡s], [s]
ap	ab			/ap̚/			鴨かも法ほう答こたえ
iap	iab			/iap̚/			葉は接せっ貼は
ep	eb	êb	eb	/ep̚/			澀撮つまみ一いち～鹽しお圾
ṳt	iid	ed	id	/ɨt̚/		/ət̚/	質しつ姪めい食しょく	Only with initials [t͡s], [t͡sʰ], [s]
it	id			/it̚/			一いち筆ふで力ちから	Only with initials other than [t͡s], [t͡sʰ], [s]
at	ad			/at̚/			八はち達いたる舌した
iat	iad			-	/iat̚/		潔きよし月つき乙おつ	Merged with /iet̚/ in N. Sixian; only with initials /k/, /kʰ/, /ŋ/, /h/
oat	uad			/uat̚/			刮括くく
et	ed	êd	ed	/et̚/			噎むせ北きた色いろ
iet	ied	iêd	iad	/iet̚/			雪ゆき裂きれ別べつ分ぶん～	Usually only with initials other than /k/, /kʰ/, /ŋ/, /h/ in S. Sixian and Meixian
oet	ued	uêd	ued	/uet̚/			國くに摑幗
ot	od			/ot̚/			遏發はつ～病びょう脫だっ
ut	ud			/ut̚/			不ふ卒そつ骨ほね
iut	iud			/iut̚/			屈こごめ
ak	ag			/ak̚/			鈪百ひゃく石いし
iak	iag			/iak̚/			擛惜壁かべ
oak	uag			/uak̚/			砉
ok	og			/ok̚/			惡あく落作さく
iok	iog			/iok̚/			藥くすり腳掠かすめ
-		uog		-		/uok̚/	郭かく𢼛	Merged with /ok̚/ in Sixian
uk	ug			/uk̚/			屋や木き竹たけ
iuk	iug			/iuk̚/			育いく畜肉にく

Tones

Tone name	Dark Level 陰平かげひら	Light Level 陽平ようへい	Rising 上聲じょうせい	Departing 去聲きょしょう	Dark Entering 陰かげ入いれ	Light Entering 陽ひ入いれ
Tone number	1	2	3	4	5	6
N. Sixian	˨˦ 24	˩ 11	˧˩ 31	˥ 55	˨ 2	˥ 5
S. Sixian	˨˦ 24 / ˧ 33
Meixian	˦ 44			˥˧ 53	˩ 1
Example	夫おっと	扶	府ふ (fǔ)	富とみ (fù)	福ぶく	服ふく
PFS	fû	fù	fú	fu	fuk	fu̍k
HRS	fuˊ / fu⁺	fuˇ	fu`	fu	fug`	fug
GD / Hagfa Pinyim	fu1	fu2	fu3	fu4	fug5	fug6

References

• CCDICT (Chineselanguage.org)
• 臺灣たいわん客きゃく家か語ご常用じょうよう詞し辭典じてん [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Chinese and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.
• Lau, Chun-fat. Hakka Pinyin Dictionary (Chinese). Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1997 (Chinese IME supplement) →ISBN.
• 客語かくご認證にんしょう詞し彙資料しりょう庫こ